Corneal oedema is a common sign of acute or protracted corneal disease of various aetiologies. In this paper, we review the causes and pathophysiological bases of corneal oedema, as well as discussing the goals and modalities of its medical treatment. Corneal oedema, if adequately understood and appropriately treated, generally shows ...

Treatments for multiple sclerosis therapy are rapidly evolving. It is believed that new drugs will be approved in the near future, thereby changing current indications for treatment. In this context, the Spanish Society of Neurology's study group on demyelinating diseases which evaluates medication use in MS has decided to draw ...

The treatment of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenia in adult is a challenge. Here we report successful treatment of an adult ITP patient with immunoadsorption using tryptophan column who were refractory to steroids, splenectomy, eltrombopag and various immunosuppressive medications.

BACKGROUND: Delusional infestation (DI) is the persistent belief of pathogenic infestation of the skin or body, without objective medical evidence. Treatment for symptoms of delusions can be particularly challenging, especially when patients are difficult to engage and adverse to the possibility of a non-skin disorder. To date there has been ...

Introduction: Acromegaly is characterized by elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels and by progressive somatic disfigurement and systemic manifestations, which lead to a mortality rate higher than the general population. Therefore, diagnosis and properly treatment should be performed as soon as possible. Areas covered: This article ...

We report two children with otitis media who developed facial palsy despite prompt antibiotic therapy. Brain images revealed silent mastoiditis. Persistent otorrhea may be a cautious sign of medical treatment failure or complication of acute otitis media, including mastoiditis or facial palsy. Delayed identification of coexisting mastoiditis or hesitation over ...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated control of GH and IGF1 in acromegaly in routine clinical practice in the UK on and off medical treatment. DESIGN: The UK Acromegaly Register collected routine biochemical and clinical data on patients with acromegaly from 31 UK centres with GH data covering >30y. PATIENTS: 2572 patients. Somatostatin ...

Travel for the purposes of obtaining medical treatment is increasing, but very little is known about the extent or nature of child medical travel. This paper discusses the outcome of a systematic search for academic literature on paediatric medical travel, outlines the potential significance of 'return health migration' by parents ...

Background and objectives: There is currently little published guidance on the management of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication in patients admitted with epistaxis. The routine practice of withholding such medication in an attempt to control the epistaxis is common in the UK. However, this practice is not evidence-based, is often unnecessary, ...

This paper reviews the history of psychodynamic treatment of psychosis in the United States, emphasizing the current severe problems in this area, and exploring their causes. It recommends that we bring back the older interpersonal, humanistic approaches, recognizing that reliance on salience-muting medications is both short-sighted and dangerous.

Abstract Background: Cold sores are a common condition that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Antivirals are the typical treatments for cold sores, but the ways in which these medications are used to treat cold sores are not well studied. Purpose: To determine the main treatments prescribed for cold sores ...

Antipsychotic medications are viewed as cornerstones for both the short-term and long-term treatment of schizophrenia. However, evidence on long-term (10 or more years) efficacy of antipsychotics is mixed. Double-blind discontinuation studies indicate significantly more relapses in unmedicated schizophrenia patients in the first 6-10 months, but also present some potentially paradoxical ...

OBJECTIVE: Since insight into the reason for filing claims after treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremity might help prevent future claims, we determined the incidence of and reasons for medical liability insurance claims after such treatments in the Netherlands. METHOD: We performed a retrospective review of all medical ...

To examine the impact of providing patient-specific electronic monitoring (EM) medication adherence results on the treatment planning of prescribers of outpatients with schizophrenia. Adherence to antipsychotic medication was assessed monthly over a 6-month study period using EM of medication bottle opening in 23 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Patient-specific ...

BACKGROUND: Keloids can cause significant morbidity during wound healing, but the most common current treatment practices for keloids are not well-established. OBJECTIVE: To determine the main treatments used for keloids in the United States and demographics of patient visits for keloids. METHODS: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 1990-2009 ...

Infantile hemangiomas (IH), benign vascular neoplasms, are the most common tumors of infancy and childhood. Most IH are medically insignificant; however, a proportion will require treatment because of interference with vital structures, threat of significant disfigurement, ulceration, or bleeding. This article reviews current and potential pharmacotherapeutic approaches to the treatment ...

Medical wastes are among hazardous wastes and their disposal requires special methods prior to landfilling. Medical wastes are divided into infected and non-infected wastes and the infected wastes require treatment. Incineration is one of the oldest methods for treatment of medical wastes, but their usage have faced wide objections due ...

In October 2003 the Supreme Court of the United States allowed Arkansas officials to force Charles Laverne Singleton, a schizophrenic prisoner convicted of murder, to take drugs that would render him sane enough to be executed. On January 6 2004 he was killed by lethal injection, raising many ethical questions. ...

BACKGROUND: The primary analyses of the COMBINE Study revealed significant naltrexone and Combined Behavioral Intervention (CBI) main effects on drinking outcomes but failed to find additional benefits of the combination of treatments. Investigating differences in patterns of adherence over time may shed light on the treatment effects in COMBINE. The ...

Introduction: Endometriosis is a common disease that causes pain symptoms and/or infertility in women in their reproductive years. The disease is characterised by the presence of endometrium-like tissue - glands and stroma - outside the uterine cavity. Different treatment options exist for endometriosis including medical and surgical treatments or a ...

The Constitution and the National Health Act provide that nobody shall be refused emergency medical treatment. 'Do not resuscitate' (DNR) orders require that certain patients should not be given cardiopulmonary resuscitation to save their lives. Whether there is a conflict between these two requirements is answered by considering: (i) the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an individually tailored multicomponent nonadherence treatment protocol using a telehealth delivery approach in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Nine participants, age 13.71±1.35 years, completed a brief treatment online through Skype. Medication nonadherence, severity of disease, and feasibility/acceptability data were obtained. RESULTS: Adherence increased markedly from 62% ...

OBJECTIVE: In most cases of Primary Aldosteronism (PA) an adrenal aldosterone-secreting tumor cannot be reasonably proven so these patients undergo medical treatment. Controversial data exist about the evolution of PA after medical therapy: long-term treatment with mineralocorticoid antagonists has been reported to normalize aldosterone levels but other authors failed to ...

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) as an uncommon cause of obstructive uropathy is often primarily treated medically by the attending urologist. We evaluated dynamic enhancement analysis (DEA) as a possible predictor of response to medical treatment and for treatment monitoring. From 2007, 24 patients with fibrosis were assessed by magnetic resonance ...

Extravasation is a devastating complication of intravenous therapy that develops when a drug infiltrates the interstitial tissue surrounding the vein. Due to the uncertain and possibly dramatic outcome, early recognition and adequate treatment with the aid of a standardized protocol are needed. A pubmed literature search was conducted and all ...

The authors propose a definition for rational multiple medication use (MMU). They then discuss how levels of diagnostic sophistication, ranging from symptomatic to syndromic to pathophysiologic to pathoetiologic, affect the ability to use multiple medications rationally. Based on this concept of diagnostic sophistication, MMU can be conceptualized dimensionally. Thus, MMU ...

It is largely unknown how the medical treatment of patients diagnosed with dementia is followed up in primary care. Therefore, we studied patient medical records from two dementia clinics and from the referring primary care centres. A retrospective study of 241 patients was conducted from April to October 2011 in ...

Brain dopamine dysfunction in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could explain why stimulant medications, which increase dopamine signaling, are therapeutically beneficial. However while the acute increases in dopamine induced by stimulant medications have been associated with symptom improvement in ADHD the chronic effects have not been investigated. We used positron emission ...

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used to treat severe treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Multiple psychotropic medications are usually prescribed in high doses prior to or concomitantly with ECT. Little is known about the interaction of ECT with psychotropic medications. ECT is known to induce seizures, but its tendency to induce ...

Rosacea is a cutaneous condition with several clinical subtypes that are commonly seen in daily medical practice. There are many different treatment modalities for each of the physical !ndings associated with this disease, and all have varying results. As the use of onabotulinumtoxinA rises, its bene!t in the treatment of ...

The purpose was to review the use of mifepristone in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome (CS) in the context of other recently published studies. We review the use of mifepristone, as published in the recent Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Mifepristone in the Treatment of Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome ...

Seventy-five years after its first medical use was described, disulfiram's place in treatment is being favourably re-evaluated. This paper reviews its discovery and subsequent development.

The ventral striatum (VStr) integrates mesolimbic dopaminergic and corticolimbic glutamatergic afferents and forms an essential component of the neural circuitry regulating impulsive behaviour. This structure represents a primary target of psychostimulant medication, the first-choice treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and is biochemically modified by these drugs in animals. However, the ...

BACKGROUND: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is an important health problem affecting up to 30 % of reproductive age women, interfering with their quality of life. Medical therapy, with the avoidance of unnecessary surgery, is an attractive option. PURPOSE: To provide a comprehensive review of the current medical treatments available for idiopathic ...

William Spiers Bruce was a medical student who sailed as ship's surgeon on the Balaena, one of the ships of the Dundee Whaling Expedition to the Antarctic (1892-93). On this expedition he kept a diary listing his medical consultations and the treatments he administered. This paper considers the expedition and ...

Objective: To quantify in the context of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) the additional value patients receive when innovative treatments enable them to survive until the advent of even more effective future treatments (ie, the "option value"). Study Design: Observational study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) ...

Acromegaly is a rare, chronic, and debilitating disease that results from excessive growth hormone production. Clinically, this disease is associated with enlargement of soft tissue, excessive skeletal growth, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Acromegaly is often diagnosed late, when a wide range of comorbidities may already be present. First-line ...

This article examines hair care in persons with hair loss. The use of shampoos, conditioners, and hair styling products to camouflage hair loss is discussed. Because hair is nonliving, medical treatments are limited to only inducing change in the follicles within the scalp skin and do not improve the hair ...

The treatment of chronic diarrhoea can be challenging. While Oral Rehydration Solution is an important step in treating diarrhoeal illnesses, various medications can be used to alleviate the symptoms while the patient is undergoing diagnostic work up or to target the underlying mechanism responsible for their diarrhoea. Medications are also ...

This article reviews the literature on body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in patients who seek aesthetic surgery and other appearance-enhancing medical treatments such as dermatologic treatment. It begins with a discussion of the growing popularity of aesthetic medical treatments. The literature investigating the psychological characteristics of individuals interested in these treatments ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article synthesises recent findings and addresses relevant anatomy, pathophysiologic considerations, and current treatment options for common forms of acquired nystagmus including vestibular and gaze holding dysfunction. RECENT FINDINGS: Some forms of nystagmus have relatively specific treatments, such as baclofen for periodic alternating nystagmus, and repositioning for ...

Reasons for performing study: Equine keratomycosis in the western USA has received little study, probably owing to its low prevalence. Objectives: To determine clinical features, predominant fungal isolates, treatment modalities and outcomes of horses with keratomycosis in California and compare these with results from different geographic regions. Methods: Records of ...

Facial wrinkles are the most visible morphological change of the aging process. Therefore, several rejuvenation methods have been developed to cure these unloved signs of the times, such as botulinum toxin, laser treatments as well as topical active ingredients. Recently, dermal fillers have become a popular means of addressing contour ...

William Penny Brookes lived all his life in Much Wenlock in Shropshire where he worked as a general practitioner for 60 years. He is now best remembered as the founder of the Wenlock Olympian Society, as a founding member of the first national Olympian association and for his influence on ...

Recently several efficient schemes are proposed to provide security of e-medicine systems. Almost all of these schemes have tried to achieve the highest security level in transmission of patients' medical information to medical institutions through a heterogeneous network like Internet. In this paper, we explain the insecurity of these schemes ...

Nerium oleander is a plant native only in the Mediterranean region, but it can also be cultivated worldwide, particularly in warm areas. Biologically active oleander compounds may be used for therapeutic purposes. However, when used for self-medication, it may cause serious problems including death. We present a 30-year-old otherwise healthy ...

Purpose Appropriate therapies for commonly encountered poisonings, medication overdoses, and other toxicological emergencies are reviewed, with discussion of pharmacists' role in ensuring their ready availability and proper use. Summary Poisoning is the second leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in the United States, with more than 2.4 million toxic ...

Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism is a common endocrine disorder in dogs in the United States. Once a diagnosis is established, a decision must be made whether or not to pursue treatment, and if so, which medication to use. Historically, mitotane (Lysodren, o,p'-DDD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York) has been the most commonly used ...

No abstract available. Quintessence Int 2012;43:91.

We have developed medpie, a software package for preparing medical message board corpora and extracting patient mentions and statistics for drugs, herbs and adverse effects experienced from them. The package is divided into web-crawling, HTML-cleaning, de-identification and information extraction modules. It also includes a sample controlled vocabulary of drugs, herbs ...