OBJECTIVE: At the time of licensing by regulatory agencies, the full range of risks and possible adverse drug reactions associated with a medication is rarely fully realized. This commentary aims to describe the role of registries as useful components of postmarketing pharmacovigilance systems for monitoring highly specialized medications associated with ...

The impact of health care reform on academic medical centers will be just as great as it is on community practices. The economics of academic medical centers and training programs has been challenging, and will become even more so as funding is cut and the demand for regional integrated systems ...

Concerns emanating from the medical community about the safety and efficacy of biosimilars indicate an increasing distrust of the outcome of the drug regulatory process. To illustrate this, we analysed the creation of the European biosimilar regulatory framework, specifically focussing on the guidelines outlining approval criteria for biosimilar erythropoietins, which ...

The present study aimed at providing an overview of the most common themes of research into medical education. Changes in frequency of occurrence of these themes over time and differences between US and European journals were studied. The most productive institutions and researchers in the field were examined. A content ...

PURPOSE: Medical professionalism has gained global attention over the past decade, but there is a paucity of literature on the universal applicability of the dominant professionalism framework developed in the West. This study proposes an institutional approach to build a framework for medical professionalism that incorporates historical and sociocultural contexts. ...

Animal-derived antivenoms constitute the mainstay in the therapy of snakebite envenoming. Antivenoms are manufactured by immunizing animals, usually horses, with venoms from a single or several medically-relevant snake species. Antivenoms are constituted by either whole IgG molecules or the immunoglobulin fragments F(ab')₂ and Fab, obtained by digestion with pepsin and ...

Medical Education 2011: 45: 995-1005 Context  A particularly onerous aspect of the transition from medical student to practising doctor concerns the necessity to be able to rapidly identify acutely unwell patients and initiate appropriate resuscitation. These are skills in which many graduates feel poorly prepared and are considered by some ...

This review synthesises research published in the traditional and 'grey' literature to promote a broader understanding of the history and current status of medical education in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We performed an extensive review and analysis of existing literature on medical education in SSA. Relevant literature was identified through searches ...

Background: Seminal papers on medical professionalism demonstrate a link between medical school behavior and future disciplinary action by medical boards. Other groups have studied whether negative comments on a student's Dean's letter predict problems as residents. Various groups have tried to provide concrete examples of professionalism, including a number of ...

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disorder caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which mainly affects skin and peripheral nerves. It is classified as either paucibacillary or multibacillary based upon clinical manifestations and slit-skin smear results. It is speculated that leprosy develops after a long latency period following M. leprae infection. However, the ...

Saliva, a biofluid historically well-studied biochemically and physiologically, has entered the post-genomic 'omics' era, where its proteomic, genomic, and microbiome constituents have been comprehensively deciphered. The translational path of these salivary constituents has begun toward a variety of personalized individual medical applications, including early detection of cancer. Salivary diagnostics is ...

Most medical faculty receive little or no training about how to be effective teachers, even when they assume major educational leadership roles. To identify the competencies required of an effective teacher in medical education, the authors developed a comprehensive conceptual model. After conducting a literature search, the authors met at ...

Purpose:Physicians entering medical practice in the 21st century will require more than a basic understanding of human genetics because of rapid progress in the field of genetics and genomics. The current undergraduate medical curriculum at most institutions is not adequate to prepare medical students for these challenges. Enhancing exposure to ...

PURPOSE:: Physicians entering medical practice in the 21st century will require more than a basic understanding of human genetics because of rapid progress in the field of genetics and genomics. The current undergraduate medical curriculum at most institutions is not adequate to prepare medical students for these challenges. Enhancing exposure ...

We analyzed the Fulni-ô medical system and introduced its intermedical character based on secondary data published in the literature. Then we focused on the medicinal plants known to the ethnic group, describing the most important species, their therapeutic uses and the body systems attributed to them. We based this analysis ...

To better understand barriers associated with the adoption and use of electronic prescribing of controlled substances (EPCS), a practice recently established by US Drug Enforcement Administration regulation. Prescribers of controlled substances affiliated with a regional health system were surveyed regarding current electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) activities, current prescribing of controlled substances, ...

Abstract Objective. In this study, we examined relationships between five types of childhood trauma and 17 disruptive behaviors in the medical setting. Methods. Using a cross-sectional consecutive sample of 394 internal medicine outpatients, we surveyed participants about five types of childhood trauma (i.e. witnessing of violence, physical neglect, emotional abuse, ...

A usable medical information system should allow for reliable and accurate interaction between users and the system in emergencies. A participatory design approach was used to develop a medical information system in two Turkish hospitals. The process consisted of task and user analysis, an icon design survey, initial icon design, ...

Introduction: Ophthalmic preservatives, such as polyquaternium-1 (PQ-1), are critical for the inhibition of growth of microbial contaminants in multi-dose bottles of topical medications. These antimicrobial agents must have a high efficacy against pathogenic organisms, while maintaining a favorable tolerability and safety profile. Areas covered: This review focuses on the ophthalmic ...

Radiation and ethylene oxide terminal sterilization are the two most frequently used processes in the medical device industry to render product within the final sterile barrier package free from viable microorganisms. They are efficacious, safe, and efficient approaches to the manufacture of sterile product. Terminal sterilization is routinely applied to ...

Background Taking a medical history is an effective way of finding out important information about the patient and their presenting problem/s but this approach may inadvertently be disempowering for the patient. An increased sense of agency can increase the likelihood of behavioural change, so facilitating empowerment of the patient in ...

Security control of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a mechanism used to manage electronic medical records files and protect sensitive medical records document from information leakage. Researches proposed the Role-Based Access Control(RBAC). However, with the increasing scale of medical institutions, the access control behavior is difficult to have a detailed ...

This journal can flag, on its behalf, two 40th birthdays for the European Undersea Biomedical Society (EUBS); one now in 2011, and the other in 2013. Launching a new Society needed a lengthy incubation, but that gap was primarily to avoid a clash with the 1972 Underwater Physiology Symposium. Not ...

Despite the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the United States, physicians have received inadequate training during medical school on how to examine, diagnose, and manage these conditions. This article provides an overview of the existing literature on undergraduate medical musculoskeletal education, including learning objectives, researched methodology, and currently utilized assessment ...

Empirical evidence has identified that medication errors occur in the school setting; however, there is little research that identifies medication error prevention strategies specific to the school environment. This article reviews common medication errors that occur in the school setting and presents potential medication prevention strategies, such as developing medication ...

Recently, new approaches for miniaturization and transportability of medical devices have been developed, paving the way for wearability and the possibility of implantation, for renal replacement therapies. A wearable artificial kidney (WAK) is a medical device that supports renal function during ambulation or social activities out of hospital. With the ...

The issue of life-ending has been a source of considerations since the dawn of civilization, and calls for great circumspection when one attempts to fit it socially throughout the history of human thinking. The development and improvement of Medicine might modify, in most cases, the natural history of disease. We ...

Medical settings such as emergency departments (EDs) present an opportunity to identify and provide services for individuals with substance use problems who might otherwise never receive any form of assessment, referral, or intervention. Although screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment models have been extensively studied and are considered effective ...

Competition of interest may exist at all levels in the medical publication process. Ensuring the integrity of scientific scholarship involves protecting editorial independence, promoting the use of scientific arbitration boards, promoting transparency throughout all stages of publication, and protecting the relationship between the publisher and its editors through an effective ...

The practice of contemporary pain medicine is laced with a number of significant ethical challenges. Considerable difficulties include the overutilization of interventional procedures, the application of under-evidenced treatment modalities, and potentially superfluous opioid prescribing. As with many other fields in medicine, including orthopedic surgery, relationships with industry are both common ...

Medical civil-military operations are important for deployed military medical units engaged in counter-insurgency missions. There are few reports on military support for a host nation's military medical infrastructure, and we describe an initiative of the 21st Combat Support Hospital in 2010 during the postsurge phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom and ...

Medical disputes have been increasing in recent years in China, which cause growing tension between doctors and patients. In many locations, it has started as a practice of exploring diversified dispute settlement methods. Great importance has been attached to the non-lawsuit model through third-party mediation, which might have been led ...

Following the attacks of 11 September 2001, emergency preparedness within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as well as at the Department of Defense and other federal agencies, received higher visibility, new mandates and increased funding. Emergency deployment teams increased the frequency of drills to enable better response ...

Recent exchanges between the United States and China at the presidential and cabinet level have emphasized the need for an enhanced military-to-military relationship to further mutual understanding and promote cooperation. This article explores the historic context of military medical relations between the two nations as well as the rationale and ...

Carbon nanostructures (including carbon nanofibers, nanostructured diamond, fullerene materials and so forth) possess extraordinary physiochemical, mechanical and electrical properties attractive to bioengineers and medical researchers. In the past decade, numerous developments towards the fabrication and biological studies of carbon nanostructures have provided opportunities to improve orthopedic applications. Therefore, the aim ...

Medication nonadherence is a challenging and prevalent problem in older adults. Effective medication management involves successfully completing a complex group of behaviors. Meta-analyses and narrative review findings support limited benefits to medication adherence with interventions preoccupied with personal characteristics, intention, and motivation. Evidence supports a paradigm shift toward changing personal ...

PURPOSE:: To develop a sustainable approach to Recovery Audit Contractor medical necessity readiness that mitigates the regulatory and financial risks of the organization. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTING:: Acute care hospitals. CONCLUSIONS:: Utilizing the model for improvement and plan-do-study-act methodology, this health system designed and implemented a medical necessity case management program. ...

This article focuses on how an often-overlooked portion of PPACA, "Community Transformation Grants," might close the evidence gap in the relationship between obesity and the built environment and provide a pathway to effectively address this medically and economically costly epidemic.

The physician/surgeon's interactions with industry have come under scrutiny in recent years for several reasons. Although some think that the professional medical association or society may provide an avenue to allow such interactions with less risk, there are concerns and challenges for such organizations as it relates to ethical and ...

Specialty medical societies such as Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) are instrumental in the development and dissemination of medical knowledge through scientific presentations, publication of rigorously peer-reviewed writings, awarding competitive research and training grants, and the provision of high-quality continuing medical education (CME). It is vital that in these roles ...

Challenging statistical issues often arise in the design and analysis of clinical trials to assess safety and effectiveness of medical devices in the regulatory setting. The use of Bayesian methods in the design and analysis of medical device clinical trials has been increasing significantly in the past decade, not only ...

Combat medical care provides unique challenges and opportunities for military medical teams. The austerity of the environment severely limits access to many diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Because of their compact size, handheld ultrasound (US) machines are increasingly being used in these constrained environments. A growing body of literature documents the ...

Anesthesia information management systems (AIMS) have become more prevalent as more sophisticated hardware and software have increased usability and reliability. National mandates and incentives have driven adoption as well. AIMS can be developed in one of several software models (Web based, client/server, or incorporated into a medical device). Irrespective of ...

Cellulite is characterized by alterations to the skin surface, presenting as dimpled or puckered skin of the buttocks and posterior and lateral thighs. It mainly affects women. Cellulite occurrence is believed to be due to structural, inflammatory, morphological and biochemical alterations of the subcutaneous tissue. However, its pathogenesis is not ...

Original papers of social interest from all medical specialties are not usually presented in Medical Meetings. In our financially and socially difficult days, the need for medical contribution to support the needs of our society is more than welcome. Governments around the world issue regulations or laws addressed to physicians ...

Contemporary combat casualty care has never been more sophisticated or effective, which is matched by an unprecedented level of clinical complexity. The management of this complexity has demanded the evolution of a more direct clinical leadership model in the field hospital: the Deployed Medical Director (DMD). The DMD has a ...

In this article the process of operating room resuscitation - commonly known as Right Turn Resuscitation (RTR) when conducted in the medical treatment facility at Camp Bastion - is described. The place of RTR within the concepts of damage control resuscitation and surgery is discussed along with activation criteria and ...

In this paper we try to describe the importance of a dignified behavior of the physician to his students, colleagues, patients and the society. We come to the conclusion that even if the other party is not showing the best of behavior, the physician has not only the responsibility and ...

The term "journal club" traditionally refers to a gathering of physicians for the critical review of current medical literature and discussion regarding the clinical application of the results. Since the formation of the first documented journal club over 130 years ago, the organization and purpose of this academic tool has ...

In the context of neo-liberal retrenchments humanitarian NGOs have become alternative healthcare providers that partially fill the vacuum left by the welfare state's withdrawal from the provision of services to migrants and other marginalized populations. In many cases they thus help to build legitimacy for the state's retreat from social ...