ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate and refine an adjuvant system of color-specific symbols that are added to medication bottles and to assess whether this system would increase the ability of patients 65 years of age or older in matching their medication to the indication ...

This paper demonstrates the use of TissueQuant - an image analysis tool for quantification of color intensities which was developed for use in medical research where the stained biological specimen such as tissue or antigen needs to be quantified. TissueQuant provides facilities for user interaction to choose and quantify the ...

Using data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, this study identifies the characteristics of those youth served and not served by a medical home. Although Patient-Centered Medical Homes (PCMHs) are being piloted with Medicaid clients, these national data indicate that adolescents are least likely to receive services from ...

Background  In vitiligo, the melanocyte of the hair follicle is one of the major sources for repigmentation. Segmental vitiligo seems to be often associated with white hairs. However, in the case of small vellus hairs, it is often difficult or impossible to detect hair color. Thus, the real incidence of ...

This paper investigates the relationship between the unacceptably poor levels of Indigenous health in Australia, the very low levels of representation (As at 2009, approximately 140 Indigenous medical graduates Australia wide) of Indigenous people within the medical field, and the potential for parrhesia (translated as "fearless speech") to challenge the ...

This work does not analyze the entire subject of uroscopy but focuses on a very small part thereof: i.e., some rare urine colors, in particular green and blue. These are so rare that most modern nephrologists have never encountered them. We conducted a small survey comparing contemporary knowledge with that ...

Disability studies can be of great value to medical education first, by placing the medical paradigm in the broad context of a sequence of ways of understanding and responding to disability that have emerged in the last two thousand years or so; second, by reminding medical professionals that people with ...

INTRODUCTION: Relationship between ghost-authors and medical writers has been debated, even arriving to citizens. Accusation that through ghost-authors, market messages are introduced in medical journals has been suggested. DEVELOPMENT: This paper carried out an analysis of ghost-authors and their application to medical writers and discusses the intellectual authorship of the ...

Bias against foreign-born or -trained medical students and doctors is not well understood, despite its documented impact on recruitment, integration and retention. This research experimentally examines the interaction of location of medical education and nationality in evaluations of doctors' competence and trustworthiness. A convenience sample of prospective patients evaluated fictitious ...

Passing underperformance in students is ubiquitous across health and social care educators and is intimately related to the subsequent welfare of patients: underperforming students may become underperforming practitioners. This paper aims to examine how medical educators construct passing underperformance through an analysis of their social act of explaining such behaviours ...

In this issue of Academic Medicine, Walling and Merando's literature review on the senior-year curriculum finds a broad consensus that this final year underperforms educationally at many U.S. medical schools, but little agreement on how to improve it. The review challenges us to consider how best to develop this key ...

At the start of the 20th century, Abraham Flexner proposed a number of reforms for medical education in his seminal 1910 report, Medical Education in the United States and Canada. His recommendations were wide ranging, including a strong scientific basis, use of pedagogical methods, and faculty whose principal role is ...

This article provides historical background on Henry S. Pritchett, first president of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (CFAT), analysis of his introduction to Abraham Flexner's 1910 report on medical education, and discussion of the major role that Pritchett played in conceiving the study on which the Flexner ...

Maximizing the potential of feedback requires being receptive to suggestions for change, adapting feedback according to different learning styles, and making the most of new developments. This article provides a foundation in the theory of modern medical education for those receiving or giving feedback at any level.

Guidance and mentorship benefit faculty who having little or no background conducting research in medical education. From his experience the author suggests three characteristics that distinguish medical educators who are especially productive in their scholarly activities: intrinsic rather than extrinsic motivation, collaboration with colleagues, and the personal qualities of patience ...

Background: Review of studies published in medical education journals over the last decade reveals a diversity of pedagogical approaches and educational goals related to teaching reflection. Aim: The following tips outline an approach to the design, implementation, and evaluation of reflection in medical education. Method: The method is based on ...

Simulation-based medical education has gained tremendous popularity over the past two decades. Driven by the patient safety movement, changes in the educational opportunities available to trainees and the rapidly evolving capabilities of computer technology, simulation-based medical education is now being used across the continuum of medical education. This review provides ...

BACKGROUND: Preparing a medical school for institutional review of all aspects of the school's programs requires an understanding of the international standards being used and adequate preparation and planning (MacCarrick et al. in Med Teach 32(5):e227, 2010; MacCarrick in Ir J Med Sci, 2010). This series examines each of the ...

To evaluate public awareness of pharmaceuticals in drinking water and to develop educational efforts to promote awareness in our community. A review of the literature was conducted to gain a full perspective of the current issue. Questionnaires, interviews, and website feedback were used to assess awareness of the problem and ...

The authors present an overview of the educational programs, infrastructure to support them, and the assessment strategies of 128 medical schools in the United States and Canada, based on reports submitted by those schools and published in this supplement to Academic Medicine. The authors explore many important changes that have ...

One hundred years after Abraham Flexner released his report Medical Education in the United States and Canada, the spirit of reform is alive again. Reports in the United States and Canada have called for significant changes to medical education that will allow doctors to adapt to complex environments, work in ...

The past decade has seen an increased effort to standardized medical curricula internationally. Despite these efforts, a lack of standardization remains evident, most likely owing to the lack of specificity with which such frameworks are often (out of necessity) constructed. As such, inconsistencies may arise owing to differences in adopted ...

PURPOSE: To enhance the recognition of educational effort and thereby support faculty vitality, the authors aimed to identify essential categories of educational effort from the perspective of clinical faculty and determine whether the emerging categories were in concordance with an organizational perspective. METHOD: The authors performed nominal group processes in ...

PURPOSE: To review the recommendations of 15 U.S. and Canadian reports, published in the last decade, that call for significant change in medical education. METHOD: The author selected for review 15 reports published over the last ten years that emphasize general recommendations for change in medical education in the United ...

A major challenge in contemporary research is how to connect medical education and cognitive neuroscience and achieve synergy between these domains. Based on this starting point we discuss how this may result in a common language about learning, more educationally focused scientific inquiry, and multidisciplinary research projects. As the topic ...

The purpose of this study was to clarify actual conditions and problems in medical information education and to propose the educational concept to be adopted in medical information. A questionnaire survey was carried out by the anonymous method in June 2008. The survey was intended for 40 radiological technology schools. ...

PURPOSE: This paper answers two related questions: When did the education of doctors become a subject for scientific inquiry? And what were the political and economic contexts, the worldviews, structures and events, that enabled the emergence and development of medical education research at that time and in that manner? METHOD: ...

Graduate medical education (GME) in Louisiana has evolved into the present status, the sum of institutions providing medical education, as in each of the states and the country as a whole. Louisiana reflects the United States (U.S.) averages in practically every GME parameter and measurement with relatively small variations. The ...

The authors explore issues surrounding digital repositories with the twofold intention of clarifying their creation, structure, content, and use, and considering the implementation of a global digital repository for medical education research data sets-an online site where medical education researchers would be encouraged to deposit their data in order to ...

Researchers lack the rich evidence base and benchmark patient outcomes needed to evaluate the effectiveness of medical education practice and guide policy. The authors offer a framework for medical education research that focuses on physician-influenced patient outcomes that are potentially sensitive to medical education. Adapting the concept of ambulatory care ...

PURPOSE: In May 2007, the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Carl J. Shapiro Institute for Education and Research cosponsored "Millennium Conference 2007: A Collaborative Approach to Educational Research" (MC07). Educational leaders from eight U.S. medical schools and the host school (Harvard Medical School) sought to develop an operational ...

As a reaction to the medical workforce shortage in Australia, a large expansion of undergraduate medical education has occurred through the provision of funding of additional medical student places. As a consequence, the number of medical graduates is anticipated to increase by as much as 90% with a peak in ...

BACKGROUND: The introduction of the Bologna Process, in particular the implementation of a tiered structure of study programs and degrees, imposes quite some changes in most European higher education systems. The purpose of this article is to introduce some major points of the Bologna Process with regard to medical education ...

To propose a comprehensive set of competencies and educational objectives for communication and social competencies in undergraduate medical education and to support the nationwide implementation of these issues in all medical schools. Thirty experts from different medical and psychosocial disciplines participated in a 2-day workshop using the Nominal Group Technique ...

Clinicians are increasingly involved in teaching, learning, assessment and supervisory activities with medical students, trainees and other health professionals. Participation in professional development pathways and activities in medical education enables clinical teachers to provide high quality education and training.

CONTEXT: Distributed medical education sites help train, recruit and retain doctors, notably in rural and isolated areas, by providing education and training in these areas and adapting their curriculum to meet the host community's health needs. OBJECTIVES: The Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau Brunswick (CFMNB; New Brunswick Medical Education ...

This viewpoint commentary focuses on a proposal for integrated anatomy education in undergraduate college from Dr. Darda published in the Anatomical Sciences Education. Although the proposal is for college level education, the proposal echoes some ideas proposed a century ago by Abraham Flexner when he wrote his report titled "Medical ...

In his 1910 report on medical education, Flexner emphasized the importance of competency in basic sciences. Less widely recognized is that he also emphasized the necessity of liberal education. On the Flexner Report's 100th anniversary, medicine is challenged to realize Flexner's full vision for medical education to ensure that physicians ...

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, which in 1910 helped stimulate the transformation of North American medical education with the publication of the Flexner Report, has a venerated place in the history of American medical education. Within a decade following Flexner's report, a strong scientifically oriented and rigorous ...

One hundred years ago, Abraham Flexner wrote a report that profoundly influenced U.S. medical education. His conclusion-that medical degree (MD)-granting education programs should occur in not-for-profit universities and include hands-on laboratory and patient care experiences in teaching hospitals and clinics-led to the creation of the current model of U.S. MD ...

One hundred years ago, the time was right and the need was critical for medical education reform. Medical education had become a commercial enterprise with proprietary schools of variable quality, lectures delivered in crowded classrooms, and often no laboratory instruction or patient contact. Progress in science, technology, and the quality ...

A century after the publication of Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (the Flexner Report), the quality of medical education in much of Asia is threatened by weak regulation, inadequate public funding, and explosive growth of private ...

The reader may wonder, "What is COMSEP, and how does an article from COMSEP affect me?" COMSEP, the Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics, is a community of pediatric clerkship directors and other educators whose mission is to improve the health of children and their families by advancing the ...

'Hilarity and a good nature [and] a breezy cheerfulness help enormously in the study and in the practice of medicine,' said Sir William Osler, Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford, pioneering medical educationalist, and arguably one of the greatest physicians of all time (Osler W. 1905 ). We present evidence ...

There are 41 medical schools in South Korea with over 3500 students graduating from the medical schools annually with the appropriate qualifications to practice medicine. Korean medical educators have made significant efforts to enhance the effectiveness of medical education by preparing students for the rapidly changing global environment of medicine ...

What are the resources necessary to provide the highest quality education for medical students? This is the essential question which must be answered before a medical school can make a rational decision about the number of students to have in each class. In deciphering an objective way to determine the ...

The UK shares many characteristics with other western developed countries, including a current adherence to the view that defining educational outcomes enables improvements in learning and teaching and a more effective management of the learning and assessment process. There are, however, some features that make UK medical education unique or ...

One of the determinants of the medical student's behaviour is the medical school learning environment. The aim of this research was to identify the instruments used to measure the educational environment in health professions education and to assess their validity and reliability. We performed an electronic search in the medical ...

The Open Access movement in scholarly communications poses new issues and concerns for medical education in general and information literacy education specifically. For medical educators, Open Access can affect the availability of new information, instructional materials, and scholarship in medical education. For students, Open Access materials continue to be available ...

CONTEXT: Medical education is as much about the development of a professional identity as it is about knowledge learning. Professional identities are contested and accepted through the synergistic internal-external process of identification that is constituted in and through language and artefacts within specific institutional sites. The ways in which medical ...