Seventy-seven plants are listed, which are used by traditional healers in five regions of eastern Tanzania, Coast, Dar es Salaam, Kilimanjaro, Morogoro and Tanga. For each species are given the botanical name, vernacular name, collection number, locality, habit, distribution and medical uses. Results of a literature survey are also reported, ...

The Syrian hamster epididymis contains rather high levels of sym-homospermidine, N1-acetylspermidine and N1-acetylspermine in addition to the common polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. In the present study two other polyamines were identified in adult hamster epididymis by gas chromatography; they are aminopropylhomospermidine [NH2(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH(CH2)4NH2] and canavalmine [NH2(CH2)4NH(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH2]. The molar ratio of ...

No satisfactory definition of a neoplasm exists. Current criteria are shown to be invalid for strictly definitional purposes. Difficulties relate in part to the difference between descriptions and explanations, and also to the status of definitional "truths". Definitions function to assist recognition, convey meaning and highlight the essence of what ...

Regional Distribution Centres are designed for all items of a volume nature. While medical and surgical items are a component, so too are textiles, food, stationary, etc. An RDC is a complete entity. We recognise, however, that medical and surgical items need special consideration. It is necessary to produce conditions ...

Infections caused by the black yeasts (leveduras pretas) are reviewed with respect to their clinical manifestations, classification under the umbrella term, phaeohyphomycosis, and differentiation from chromoblastomycosis. Data on the prevalence of black yeasts submitted to a national reference diagnostic center are provided. Cases of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Aureobasidium pullulans, Exophiala ...

Mastoiditis still occurs as a nonmeningeal complication of otitis media. Fever, postauricular swelling, tenderness of the ear pinna, severe otalgia and ear drainage are all typical clinical findings. Most commonly, the causative organisms are the same aerobic bacteria that are responsible for otitis media; however, anaerobic organisms must also be ...

The reasons for tattoo removal can be personal, social, cultural, and medical. Removal methods have been many and varied, and all of the past methods are summarized. Details of modern tattoo removal methods by physicians, ranging from dermabrasion to laser therapy, are described. Included are descriptions of excision and closure ...

In conclusion, one can state that silicones are one of the most inert materials available for use in medical field today. They meet all the requirements for implants, summarized in table V, and can be considered as the ideal material for intraocular use, provided that the polymer is absolutely pure ...

This article deals with some of the methods that can be used to capture feral or escaped ruminants. Some of the more common types of live traps, such as snares, spotlighting, and drive nets, are discussed, as are methods of chemical immobilization. The article concludes with a discussion of the ...

This paper reports on the apparent inadequate level of primary medical care provided to many of the 151 mentally handicapped people who attend an adult training centre. A large number of common medical problems were identified that were not known to the general practitioners and/or were not being managed, including ...

The pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of cyanide toxicity are reviewed and sources of cyanide are listed. Cyanide is a deadly poison that is found in many foods and household and industrial products, including some that are readily available. Cyanide binds with cytochrome oxidase, the enzyme responsible for oxidative phosphorylation, ...

Leonardo da Vinci's marvellous anatomical drawings have been praised by both artists and medical historians over the centuries. Specific reference is made here to Leonardo's drawings of the act of sexual intercourse. It is shown that his illustrations are not based purely on original observation. Rather, they are an attempt ...

Daughter sporocysts (SpII) of Schistosoma bovis produced by the mother sporocyst (SpI) can direct their production along three different pathways during intramolluscal development. (i) direct sporocystogenesis--tertiary sporocysts (SpIII) are directly produced by non-cercariae producing daughter sporocysts (SpII). (ii) Simultaneous sporocystogenesis and cercariogenesis--SpIII are produced by SpII in which cercariae are ...

A large variety of fungi are known to produce asexual spores known as arthroconidia. These propagules are formed by segmentation of existing hyphae and may form by several mechanisms. The specific processes of formation may lead to acropetal, basipetal, or random formation of endoarthroconidia or exoarthroconidia. The development of arthroconidia ...

Members of the Otologic Medical Group have been using a porous polyethylene prosthesis since mid-1976. Several modifications of technique have evolved, which are described. Short-term hearing results are the same as with previous techniques, but they are more stable long term. Extrusion now occurs in approximately 5% of cases, usually ...

Two patients with outlet strut fracture of the convexoconcave Björk-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis are described and all published cases are reviewed. The pertinent clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features are discussed. Prompt recognition of this complication is essential and broader dissemination of information to the medical community on this problem is ...

The three folk illnesses described in this article--caida de mollera, susto, and empacho--can all be linked to recognized biologic conditions and therefore cannot be analyzed solely on the basis of sociocultural factors. Clearly, it would be a mistake to continue ignoring these syndromes in the Southwest on the assumption that ...

"New generation" antidepressants are generally considered to include all agents introduced in recent years which are neither tricyclic in structure nor monoamine oxidase inhibitors. They include the tetracyclics (mianserin and maprotiline), the bicyclic serotonergic compounds (fluoxetine and citalopram), and the unicyclics (bupropion), as well as the triazolobenzodiazepine derivatives (alprazolam), the ...

Hydrophilic graft copolymers are derived from hydrophobic polymers which have been copolymerized and then grafted by radiation initiation so that they become hydrophilic. Tubes of such material expand in diameter by 60% when wet and become slippery. The first medical applications of these materials are described: they have been used ...

We describe nonpeptide opioids found in extracts of beef hypothalamus and adrenal, which are recognized by antisera raised against morphine. Four have been purified to homogeneity. One is morphine. The structures of the other three have not been determined yet. None of them are derived from morphine or normorphine after ...

Both a national cyclotron and a reactor are necessary to provide Australia with the complete range of radioisotopes. For the last 17 years, Australia has been well supplied with reactor radioisotopes by the Australian Atomic Energy Commission which provides a daily nationwide distribution service, but, to be self-sufficient, Australia also ...

From interviews with 25 white-collar employees in France, the processes are analysed through which fellow workers and superiors morally evaluate persons who are ill. The differences between this lay interpretation and the medical one are highlighted along with the criteria (the 'sick leave' and 'morbidity' scales) used to form judgments. ...

Loss of memory and concentration are common complaints, the significance of which may vary from the essentially trivial to the extremely sinister. Between these two extremes, they are found in a wide variety of conditions encountered within the majority of medical specialties. It is therefore important that every clinician have ...

Adequate accessory equipment is a prerequisite for successful percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The advantages of the Amplatz tube used in combination with the new sheathless nephroscopes are described. The design, action and efficiency of forceps are detailed. Triradiate rigid forceps have been shown to be superior to other types of forceps. All ...

A 6 year personal experience in the performance of Plastipore prostheses in middle ear reconstruction is presented. The good hearing results at 12 months are not maintained with TORPs or PORPs and 41.6% have been rejected. Better results are obtained with a tube prosthesis between a mobile malleus and stapes. ...

The meanings of the terms "valgus" and "varus" are clear to orthopedic surgeons but remain confusing to others. The inadequate definitions given in many medical dictionaries and the contradictory meanings listed in Latin lexicons and English dictionaries compound the confusion. Based on a review of the evolution of these terms, ...

Many family physicians are considering purchasing a computer in the near future. This article explains some of the jargon of the computer industry and describes the various specifications that will make a computer most useful to a medical practice. Some of the most popular microcomputers are mentioned in terms of ...

Several researchers are exploring the role of computers in medical decision making, and many large organizations have developed systems and data bases for the practicing physician. These data banks will probably expand over the next few years and become easily accessible to any physician with a telephone and a microcomputer. ...

"Two questions of intra-metropolitan migration are analyzed in the paper, intra-metropolitan hierarchy and intra-metropolitan spatial barriers. The former embraces four detailed questions: ranking of centers; spatial pattern of hierarchical subordination; degree of unequivocalness of the subordinations, or degree of dominance; and degree of hierarchicality of interrelationships. Two specialties of the ...

Forty-six plants are listed, which are used by traditional healers in the northeastern part of Tanzania. For each species are given: the botanical name with synonyms; vernacular name; collection number; locality; habitus; approximate distribution and medical use. Results of a literature survey are also reported, including medical use, isolated constituents ...

Forty five plants are listed, which are used by traditional healers in the northeastern part of Tanzania. For each species are given: the botanical name with synonyms, vernacular name, collection number, locality, habitus, approximate distribution and medical use. Results of a literature survey are also reported, including medical use, isolated ...

Heterotopic neuroglial tissues in the leptomeninges are generally regarded as developmental malformations. They are uncommon in the general population (1%) but are more often found in patients with other CNS maldevelopments (25%). Of the 22 cases of subependymoma available for our study, four (18.2%) had concurrent heterotopic neuroglial tissue. The ...

The Delaney Amendment covering the addition of carcinogens to foods, the Toxic Substances Control Act governing the release of carcinogens into water, and other regulations are based on a "no-threshold" concept. That is, they assume that any level above zero will induce cancer in an exposed population. The threshold concept ...

The roles of the various cues in the traditional vernier target are examined. We conclude that there are at least two mechanisms by which vernier acuities of the order of 5 sec arc may be obtained. The two cues are the overall slope of the target, and the relative positional ...

Interferons, which have been studied for many years as antiviral agents, are now receiving considerable attention as antitumor and immunomodulatory agents. The data to date are sufficiently interesting to warrant further studies on several fronts. Clearly, the results that have been obtained so far tend to pose more questions than ...

Bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense are incapable of de novo purine synthesis. Purine bases are converted directly to ribonucleotides and with the exception of guanine, are stable. Guanine is incorporated directly into ribonucleotides and also deaminated to xanthine. Purine ribonucleosides are hydrolyzed rapidly; these reactions ...

In teleostean fishes which are known to be electroreceptive, the dorsolateral portion of the medulla contains a unique structure: the lateral line lobe. The unexpected finding of this structure in the medulla of the African members of the family Notopteridae strongly suggests that they are electroreceptive. Examination of the brains ...

Sixty-two plants are listed, which are used by traditional healers in the northeastern part of Tanzania. For each species are given: the botanical name with synonyms, vernacular name, collection number, locality, habitus, approximate distribution, and medical use. Results of a literature survey are also reported, including medical use, isolated constituents ...

Pleistocene macaque remains are uncommon in Great Britain. In addition to three specimens previously known from three sites, four teeth from Hoxne, Suffolk are recorded here. Closely resembling teeth of modern Macaca sylvanus (Barbary ape), they were recovered from a Middle Pleistocene stratum containing stone artifacts (including handaxes) and fauna ...

Cervical achalasia, webs, and pharyngeal protrusions, particularly Zenker's diverticula, are prominent sources of upper alimentary tract dysphagia. Since achalasia and webs can secondarily cause pharyngeal protrusions, they may coexist, and must be ruled out before commencing treatment. The nature and origin of these entities and means of radiographic distinction are ...

Based on genotypic and phenotypic studies we have found strong linkage disequilibria in Caucasians among the genes HLA-Bw50, BfS1, and HLA-DR3 and/or -DR7. The relative disequilibria, which are among the highest described in man, are delta r (BfS1, DR7) = 0.51, delta r (Bw50, BfS1, DR7) = 0.36, delta r ...

The mass spectra of the 3-ethylene ketal of delta 5-pregnan[20-13C]methylene-3-one and 17 beta-acetoxyl[3-13C]methyleneandrost-1-ene have been examined. In both cases there are some fragments which show either relatively large retention or elimination of 13C label and these can be assigned to some fragmentation paths which generally follow those found for diterpenic ...

The psychogenesis of anality is in the psychosexual events of the second year of life. An analysis of that phase of development centers on the biological determinants of psychological development, specifically on the erotization of the excretory functions. The social structures interfering with this process are examined. The interrelationship of ...

United States pharmaceutical companies are marketing or manufacturing drugs in less developed countries which add hazards to the diseases they are intended to control. For many pharmaceutical companies the financial benefits outweigh any possible risks. In many cases U.S. export laws and other nations' import laws are not enforced and ...

Pain is a tax levied on man for the privilege of life upon this planet. Some are taxed lightly and others are taxed heavily, but all are taxed. To relieve this stress, from time immemorial man has taken analgesics. In modern times, if home medication fails, professional consultation is available. ...

Self-disclosure data from marijuana smokers are considered. Attention is given to disclosure patterns in relation to four types of reference individuals and to feelings about disclosure. Users were most likely to disclose and to feel comfortable about disclosing to high intimate and nonauthority reference individuals. They were less likely to ...

The concepts of diagnosis and prognosis are central to the intellectual basis of modern medical practice. These concepts are rooted in philosophical ideas which were introduced by the ancient Greeks. They were also influenced by the growth of scientific understanding following the Renaissance; and the more recent discipline or probability ...

Tens of thousands of Cambodian refugees are entering Thailand. Many of the new arrivals are survivors of months of starvation and are critically ill with marasmus, kwashiorkor, beriberi, anemia, malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory diseases. With volunteer medical help, field hospitals are treating patients under primitive conditions that are gradually improving. ...

Arthrography is being performed more often, probably due to its recognition by radiologists and orthopedists as a useful diagnostic aid. Many recent advances in technique have helped to increase diagnostic accuracy and it has earned wider acceptance. The fundamentals of arthrography are fairly well known and covered in the literature. ...

The ascending and descending connections of the striatum were studied in frogs by using an HRP method. The mesencephalo- and thalamo-striatal connections pass mainly in the lateral forebrain bundle and are preferentially ipsilateral. The cells sending their axons to the striatum are found in the posterolateral and posterocentral thalamic nuclei, ...