BACKGROUND:: Both the Departments of Defense and Veterans Health Administration have developed and implemented screening procedures for identification of possible deployment-related traumatic brain injury (TBI). OBJECTIVE:: To review population-based screening procedures for TBI, particularly mild TBIs, and discuss potential harms/costs versus benefits of such TBI screening. METHODS:: The principles commonly ...

AIM: Second-trimester maternal serum screening (MSS) is the predominant form of prenatal screening in Japan. We hypothesize that patient education and physician knowledge of Down syndrome (DS) screening are insufficient to provide adequate information regarding prenatal screening in Japan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In-person or telephone interviews with medical personnel were ...

A resettlement medical screening program that refers refugees with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) to a public health tuberculosis (TB) clinic for evaluation for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). To identify the proportion of refugees that were TST-positive, how many attended after referral for medical evaluation, what characteristics influenced follow-up, ...

BACKGROUND:The findings and additional investigations required based on pre-participation electrocardiography (ECG) among military recruits are poorly defined in the literature. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the rate of abnormal findings on pre-participation ECG in young adults and the additional evaluations required based on these findings. METHODS: A retrospective ...

BACKGROUND: Allergic transfusion reactions (ATRs) are among the most common complications of transfusion. Storage in platelet additive solution (PAS) has been shown to reduce ATRs from apheresis platelets (APs). This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using PAS storage as an alternative method to reduce ATRs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A ...

BackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the leading cause of preventable intellectual disabilities in the United States and a significant public health issue.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and screening practices of pre-clinical medical students and clinical providers on FAS, FASD, and alcohol consumption.MethodsA short survey ...

Background: Most medical school admission committees use cognitive and noncognitive measures to inform their final admission decisions. We evaluated using admission data to predict academic success for podiatric medical students using first-semester grade point average (GPA) and cumulative GPA at graduation as outcome measures. Methods: In this study, we used ...

To determine the change in total medical expenditures, total pharmacy expenditures, and subcategories of medical and pharmacy expenditures in obese individuals following weight loss surgery (WLS), and to compare these costs with expenditures in obese individuals not receiving WLS. Louisiana Office of Group Benefits (OGB), the state-managed health insurer, invited ...

BACKGROUND: Precompetition screening was implemented for male referees during the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Word Cup. In contrast, female football referees have been neglected in this respect although they experience similar physical work loads compared to male referees. METHODS: The standardised football-specific Pre-Competition Medical Assessment (PCMA) was ...

BACKGROUND: Early detection and appropriate treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS) can modify cardiometabolic risk factors and prevent cardiovascular disease. Optimal screening outcomes require follow-up management of MetS. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course of events in the first year after positive screening for MetS in primary care with regard to ...

There are two primary factors for analyzing the cost of medical device integration: the total cost of ownership and gains in clinician efficiency. When calculating the long-term total cost of ownership, hospitals should consider the original acquisition cost, ongoing support costs, and also look at the incremental cost of adding ...

Objective: To describe the product integrity and ethical/ legal issues associated with tablet splitting.Data sources: PubMed (1966-June 2011), International Pharmaceutical Abstract (1975-June 2011), and bibliographic searches were conducted.Study Selection: All studies that evaluated the weight/dose variations (N = 13) of split tablets were included.Data Extraction: The American Pharmacists Association guidelines, ...

The Korean War started several years after the World War II had ended and no recognition of the threat or preparation was made for this possibility. The military and its medical service had been downsized after World War II and had to quickly ramp up to meet the surprise attack. ...

Recognizing that older adults are among the biggest consumers of medication, and the demographic group most likely to suffer an adverse drug reaction (ADR), this paper details the findings from a recent study on how older adults come to understand medication and its related use. Using a qualitative content analysis ...

Few studies have examined the co-occurrence of alcohol and marijuana use in clinical samples of young adults. The present study investigated whether co-occurring marijuana use is associated with characteristics indicative of a high level of risk in young adult heavy drinkers. Individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 years ...

Objective: The aim of this paper is to illustrate how a person's standing in a small, close-knit community can distort local medical and legal attitudes to their diagnosis. We examined various historical texts describing Edward Davies (1855?1904), Mayor of Fremantle, and the medical, legal and family responses to his illness. ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare, using data from Observation of Illicit Psychotropic Substances or Non-medical Used Medications (OPPIDUM) surveys, first, the profile of buprenorphine users and their modalities of buprenorphine use from 2006 to 2008 and, second, two subgroups: brand-name and generic buprenorphine users in 2008. ...

This case report describes an artist on treatment for alcoholism with disulfiram (Antabuse) who suffered chronic symptoms similar to those of a disulfiram alcohol reaction, which we attribute to his occupational exposure to products containing alcohol and other solvents. Symptoms abated with strict precautions to prevent exposure, although gradually returned ...

: Injuries to pedestrians struck by motor vehicles represent a significant public health hazard in large cities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the demographics of alcohol users who are struck by motor vehicles and to assess the effects of alcohol on pedestrian crossing patterns, medical management, and ...

A 49-year-old white man was admitted to the emergency department with nausea and diarrhea of 11 hours duration. He had experienced crampy abdominal pain as well. He reported that his stools had been dark and malodorous. He had no prior history of gastrointestinal disorders, nor travel, unusual oral or liquid ...

Rates of relapse, monitoring contract completion, and return to medical practice may differ between surgeons and nonsurgeons being monitored for diagnosed substance use disorders. Retrospective 5-year longitudinal cohort study. A sample of 16 state physician health programs in the United States. Nine hundred four physicians who underwent treatment for a ...

Addictive disorders are partly heritable, chronic, relapsing conditions that account for a tremendous disease burden. Currently available addiction pharmacotherapies are only moderately successful, continue to be viewed with considerable scepticism outside the scientific community and have not become widely adopted as treatments. More effective medical treatments are needed to transform ...

Unhealthy alcohol use predisposes to multiple conditions that frequently result in critical illness and is present in up to one-third of patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU). We sought to determine the baseline readiness to change in medical ICU patients with unhealthy alcohol use and hypothesized that ...

Concerns about psychoactive prescription drug abuse among youth are growing worldwide, but the majority of published studies remain from the US and Canada impeding cross-cultural comparisons. This study examines the prevalence, sources, motivations and substance-use correlates of commonly abused medications among youth from Lebanon. An IRB-approved cross-sectional study was conducted ...

Robert Garrett emigrated from Scotland to Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) in 1822. Within a few months of arrival he was posted to the barbaric penal colony in Macquarie Harbour, known as Sarah Island. His descent into alcoholism, medical misadventure and premature death were related to his largely unsupported professional ...

Research suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased alcohol use, but the findings have not been consistent. We assessed alcohol use, binge drinking, and psychotropic medication use longitudinally in 1,681 New York City adults, representative of the 2000 census, 2 years after the World Trade Center attacks. ...

BACKGROUND: Medical complications of substance use are a considerable cause of morbidity and the role of the physician in the care of such problems has consistently been demonstrated. Appropriate knowledge and skills are necessary to carry out this role. AIMS: To review the literature on training undergraduate medical students in ...

A number of compounds already in use as medications for various indications substitute for ethanol at clinically relevant brain pathways, in particular, at gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. Nevertheless, although substitute medications have been recognized for heroin and tobacco dependence, patients with alcohol dependence are rarely offered an analogous approach. Benzodiazepines ...

The objectives of this study were to (a) identify the patterns of disulfiram (Antabuse) and tablet naltrexone (Revia) adoption over a 48-month period in a nationally representative sample of privately funded programs that deliver substance use disorder treatment; (b) examine predictors of sustainability, later adoption, discontinuation, and nonadoption of disulfiram ...

Harmful drinking is common in medical inpatients, yet commonly missed due in part to time pressures. A screening question about past year heavy drinking recommended by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has been validated in primary care and emergency room settings. We tested the psychometric properties ...

To determine the healthcare costs associated with treatment of alcohol dependence with medications versus no medication and across the 4 medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrospective claims database analysis. Eligible adults with alcohol dependence were identified from a large US health plan and the IMS ...

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate health plan member utilization patterns of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and assess the cost of alcohol-related hospitalizations and medical and pharmacy costs. This is the first known study that examined post-XR-NTX therapy outcomes and costs. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of claims data. ...

This article examines prevalence of non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) in a sample of elementary and high school students in an Appalachian Tennessee county. We found that lifetime prevalence of NMUPD (35%) was higher than prevalence of cigarette use (28%) and marijuana use (17%), but lower than lifetime prevalence ...

Reviewed by: Bonnie Buxton Rod Densmore is both a medical practitioner and a parent of a young adult with FASD. He addresses the complex issues of FASD as a parent and medical professional in an user-friendly language book and also available as a 5-DVD set. 

Background: Evidence suggests that doctors and medical students use different strategies to evaluate unprofessional behaviour. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the public and profession may judge misdemeanours differently. Aims: To explore whether members of the public will judge examples of medical student misconduct more harshly than medical students and doctors. Methods: ...

It is currently unclear how effective un-medicated, self-paced alcohol withdrawal is in reducing alcohol consumption in alcohol dependent clients. To address this question, the current study examined the reduction in alcohol consumption, assessed by breath alcohol and drink diary self-report, of 405 alcohol-dependent clients over a 10-day, un-medicated, self-paced alcohol ...

A 29-year old male presents to the emergency department 1h after an overdose of cocodamol. He admits to taking approximately 60 x 8/500mg tablets, with alcohol, over a 20 minute period. He has a past history of depression, treated by his GP with citalopram 20mg OD. He has no previous ...

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Dentists' attitudes toward chairside screening for medical conditions. Greenberg BL, Glick M, Frantsve-Hawley J, Kantor ML. J Am Dent Assoc 2010;14(1):52-62. REVIEWER: Brian Laurence, DDS, PhD. PURPOSE/QUESTION: The purpose of the study was to obtain information about dentists' attitudes toward, acceptance of, and perceived barriers ...

Substance use including tobacco and alcohol is the most important cause of preventable morbidity, disability, and premature mortality. The study aims to specify the prevalence and the pattern of use of different substance. A cross sectional study was performed amongst first year and final year students in four medical colleges ...

The aim of this study was to describe the attitude of graduating medical doctors toward the use of sex selection techniques in Jordan in 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS (DESIGN): A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess attitude toward using sex selection. Demographic variables, gender preference of future children, and score ...

The aim of this paper was to examine the influence of a clinical attachment in psychiatry on medical students' attitudes to psychiatry as a specialty and potential career. Medical students at Sydney Medical School were surveyed following an 8-week clinical attachment in psychiatry. Secondary analyses sought to identify associations with ...

Clinical members of AAMFT were solicited by means of a randomized multi-staged clustering technique to identify their attitudes and beliefs regarding psychotropic drugs. All participants were blind to the overall purpose of the study (n = 322) and were directed to read a clinical vignette and then identify what course ...

OBJECTIVE: The use of robots in healthcare is a new concept. The public's perception and acceptance is not well understood. The objective was to investigate the perceptions and emotions toward the utilization of healthcare robots among individuals over 40 years of age, investigate factors contributing to acceptance, and evaluate differences ...

INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes and practices of residents in a residential estate in Singapore on the Advance Medical Directive (AMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with residents in the residential estate of Toa Payoh Lorong 6, Singapore. A stratifi ed random sampling was ...

Healthcare professionals are key providers of information about antipsychotic medication and may have a significant influence on the decisions that service users make about how their medication is delivered. This systematic review aimed to explore health professionals' attitudes and beliefs towards antipsychotic depot medication. A systematic search of AMED, BNI, ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to better understand SCA survivors' beliefs about complex issues that arise in the immediate post-arrest period and explore advance care planning. Specifically, we wished to explore four themes: (1) patient and family perception of medical providers' prognostication in the immediate post-arrest phase; (2) patient definitions of death; ...

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the Oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the non-medical, para-medical and medical students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 825 students (males - 577, females - 248) of six different professions belonging to non-medical, ...

Background: Substance use is very rampant in a developing country like Nepal. Unfortunately, medical field is not exempt from it either. Substance use among medical students and doctors not only reduces their efficiency at present but also increases their DALY on long term. The main objectives of the study were ...

This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale (EAS) in Hong Kong medical doctors. A total of 107 medical doctors (61.7% men) participated in a survey at clinical settings in 2008. The 21-item EAS was used to assess their attitudes toward euthanasia. The mean ...

The attitudes of medical professionals towards recovery from schizophrenia are key in defining the therapeutic encounter and may change as they move through their medical career. A qualitative methodology was used based on three focus groups of medical students and trainee psychiatrists in Hong Kong. Both held pessimistic attitudes towards ...