Dorzolamide, a topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is an effective new glaucoma medication that creates a decrease in intraocular pressure similar to that produced by beta-blockers. When beta-blockers are contraindicated, dorzolamide may be used as a first-line therapy. It has excellent additivity with other topical ocular hypotensive medications, including beta-blockers ...

Chronic simple glaucoma is a common disease in old age and lowering intraocular pressure is the treatment strategy. Although this can be achieved surgically, medical treatment with eye drops is more often prescribed. Beta-antagonists are the class of drug most often chosen, although other medical therapies are available. Systemic absorption ...

We have reviewed two Phase III clinical studies of isopropyl unoprostone conducted in Japan: a 12-week comparative study of 0.12% isopropyl unoprostone and 0.5% timolol, and a 52-week administration of two concentrations of isopropyl unoprostone in ocular hypertensive and primary open-angle glaucoma patients. These studies showed a similar ocular hypotensive ...

A retrospective analysis of hallux abducto valgus surgery performed between 1990 and 1995 where the "Z" osteotomy and Kalish osteotomy were utilized was performed. Objective and subjective data were collected to determine the effectiveness of the Z osteotomy versus the Kalish osteotomy. Twenty cases of hallux abducto valgus where the ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of several topical anti-inflammatory agents to modulate the production of prostaglandin E2 after excimer laser ablation in rabbit cornea. METHODS: Adult New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to phototherapeutic keratectomy with a commercially available excimer laser. Prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 were detected by enzyme-linked ...

BACKGROUND: New thread-cutting techniques were developed for use at flexible endoscopy. A guillotine was designed to follow and cut thread at the endoscope tip. A new method was developed for guiding suture cutters. Efficacy of Nd: YAG laser cutting of threads was studied. Experimental and clinical experience with thread-cutting methods ...

Glass ceramics which contain apatite crystals are used as implant materials in medicine. Because most of these glass ceramics are comprised of fluoride-containing glass compositions, the apatites should be fluoride-containing apatites. The fluorine content of these apatites is important for medical applications. The purpose of the current study was to ...

BACKGROUND: The concept of enhancing the ocular hypotensive effects of topical antiglaucoma medications by impeding lacrimal drainage of medication has been insufficiently studied. This investigation sought to evaluate the effect of bilateral inferior punctal occlusion using silicone punctal plugs on the ocular hypotensive effect of topically applied timolol. METHODS: A ...

PURPOSE: The prerequisite for selective use of adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) in primary glaucoma triple procedure (PGTP) is a better understanding of the prognostic factors. Therefore, the authors carried out the current study on the outcome of PGTP with and without adjunctive MMC to determine the prognostic factors for filtration ...

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate the use of an electronic medication alarm device (Prescript TimeCap) to enhance compliance in glaucoma patients taking pilocarpine. METHODS: Thirteen subjects were selected who had been diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma and were receiving 1 drop of pilocarpine solution 4 times a day in ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is important to achieve detection of of anomalous connections of the pancreatobiliary ducts (ACPBD), because this condition often leads to pancreatobiliary disease. The present prospective investigation focused on revealing the incidence of ACPBD in asymptomatic individuals undergoing medical checkups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Extracorporeal ultrasonography (US) was performed on ...

The variation of pterion articulation was assessed in 212 north-eastern Nigerian dried skulls. Four sutural variants were recorded. Sphenoparietal articulation was present in 82.1%, frontotemporal articulation in 23.6%, stenocrotaphia in 1.9% and epipteric articulation in 5.7% of the skulls. Symmetry of articulation was predominant in sphenoparietal (86.7%), frontotemporal (58.0%) and ...

BACKGROUND: Irregular astigmatism is one of the most troublesome side effects of corneal surgery. We attempted to quantify irregular astigmatism in a simple way, using semimeridian data from videokeratographs of corneas with different amounts of irregular astigmatism. METHODS: We studied the corneal topography of 30 normal corneas to be used ...

Nowadays many drug industries are manufacturing a number of oil formulations and which are not assessable to know the specific Pakas (stage) of oil preparation. In Ayurveda five stages have been mentioned for medicated oils, these Ama, Mridu, Madhya Khara and Dadgha Paka, Medicated oils obtained by Mridu, Madhya Khara ...

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether the depth of endometrial penetration into the myometrium correlates with outcome of rollerball endometrial ablation. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty consecutive patients with hysteroscopically normal-appearing cavities (without gross polyps or submucous fibroids) had endometrial ablations for menorrhagia and were subsequently studied for > or = ...

The glaucomas in pseudophakia are not uncommon. Because they can be related to different mechanisms, each case should be evaluated individually. Once glaucoma has been established and medication fails to maintain the intraocular pressure at a safe level, several options are available. As a group, the glaucomas are considered both ...

The placement of a silicone columellar strut serves to correct columellar retraction, to improve the nasolabial angle, and to increase tip projection by elevating the medical crura of the lower lateral cartilages. The potential complications of extrusion, infection, and migration are minimal if the implant is placed in a separate ...

This paper addresses the many forms of treatment for glaucoma. We studied particularly the topical drops and oral medications that are most frequently prescribed by ophthalmologists, specifically examining the reasons for the side effects experienced by certain patients taking topical drops and oral medications. Some of the side effects and ...

Latanoprost is a new prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue specifically developed for the treatment of glaucoma. Latanoprost is a selective FP receptor agonist, with a primary mode of action of increased uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. A dose of 50 micrograms/mL (0.005%) once daily has been found optimal in clinical trials. ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and laboratory findings for horses treated medically for ileal impactions. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 10 horses with primary ileal impaction that were treated successfully with medical treatment alone. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for all horses with naturally developing ileal impaction seen at our hospital ...

AIMS/BACKGROUND: Interrupted corneal sutures are used routinely by many cataract and corneal surgeons. A slim compact knot facilitates burial and allows atraumatic suture removal, with decreased risk of wound dehiscence. The size and morphology of knots tied in different configurations were investigated. METHODS: 10-0 nylon suture material was used to ...

Eye disease and cardiovascular disease frequently coexist. As a result, cardiologists and ophthalmologists often treat the same patients. Among ophthalmologists it is well known that topical ophthalmic medications are capable of producing serious cardiovascular effects, including congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and death. However, cardiologists may not be aware of these ...

BACKGROUND: Carbon dioxide laser skin resurfacing using either ultrapulsed lasers or scanning skin lasers has evolved as an effective method of treating photodamaged skin. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to describe appropriate pre- and posttreatment regimens to ensure the optimum response to laser therapy. METHODS: We describe our ...

PURPOSE: We studied an unusual case of posterior scleritis in a patient with sarcoidosis. METHOD: The medical record was reviewed for clinical manifestation, course, and tests performed, including laboratory evaluations, fluorescein angiography, and ultrasonography. RESULTS: The patient had posterior scleritis and unilateral angle-closure glaucoma caused by an annular ciliochoroidal detachment. ...

The medical records of 24 horses with corneal stromal abscesses were reviewed. Twenty of the horses initially presented with a corneal ulcer, corneal opacity, or evidence of ocular pain. All of the horses were treated with topical antibiotics prior to referral. Most had also been treated with topical atropine sulphate ...

PURPOSE: The primary cause of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is obstruction of the intertrabecular spaces by exfoliation material. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel surgical approach--trabecular aspiration--for the management of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. METHODS: Twelve patients characterized by medically uncontrolled ...

Medical records of 23 dogs with unilateral and 3 dogs with bilateral chronic bicipital tenosynovitis were reviewed. Mean age of affected dogs was 4.6 years (SD, 2.0 years), and mean body weight was 32.6 kg (SD, 14.5 kg). Neither a breed nor a gender predilection was detected. All dogs had ...

Anatomy texts describe the flexor synovial sheath of the little finger as extending proximally into the palm to join with the ulnar bursa in 80% of cases. Based on this, one would expect frequent extension of little finger flexor synovial sheath infections into the forearm. Methylene blue injection followed by ...

Two horses were presented with complaints of chronic weight loss and subcutaneous oedema, one of them presenting diarrhoea. Both animals were grazed with other unaffected horses, all of them being regularly dewormed. Blood chemistry revealed hypoalbuminaemia and a low albumin-globulin ratio. Faecal egg counts were negative and no cyathostome larvae ...

In some hyperlipidemic patients, low density lipoprotein (LDL) shows several peaks (polydisperse) on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoreses, though LDL usually shows a single peak (monodisperse). In order to clarify the relationship between the LDL polydispersion and VLDL heterogeneity, LDL and VLDL were prepared from hyperlipidemic patients sera with mono- and ...

Topical medications have a very important role in chronic glaucoma treatment. Long-term use of these medications can cause significant changes on ocular surfaces. In this study, the ocular surfaces of 20 control subjects (group I), 20 primary open-angle glaucoma patients (group II) treated (mean 21.20 +/- 1.32 months) with 0.50% ...

Ten human stapes from fresh temporal bones were measured to obtain relevant distances of the stapes superstructure. The dimensions of the parts of the superstructure are as follows: 1) stapes head 1.14 mm (range, 0.91 to 1.49) in diameter parallel to the axis of the footplate and 0.83 mm (range, ...

AIMS: A study was conducted to estimate the frequency of contamination of topical antiglaucoma medications used by asymptomatic patients. METHODS: The drops and the bottle tips of 194 in use topical medications and the conjunctiva from 109 treated glaucoma patients were cultured. RESULTS: Bacteria were recovered from 55 (28%) medications. ...

Medical records from all horses with large colon impaction admitted between 1985 and 1991 were examined. Large colon impaction was diagnosed in 147 of 1,100 (13.4%) horses with colic. One hundred thirty horses were admitted for further evaluation of acute onset of abdominal pain after having been examined and treated ...

Migration success (i.e. the proportion of worms that reach the thorax) of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae (mf) in the haemocoel of Simulium vittatum was studied by inoculating mf into the posterior abdomen, and recording their distribution in the blackfly body at predetermined time points. Mf arrive into the thorax by active ...

From April 1978 to September 1993, the Department of Urology of Giessen Medical School used laser urethrotomy as standard endoscopic treatment in benign urethral strictures. In this period, 900 urethrotomies were performed in 450 patients. The majority of strictures treated were iatrogenic (65%), located in the posterior urethra (62.8%) and ...

Capsulorrhaphy and capsulectomy were prospectively compared in open reduction of the hip for developmental dysplasia. There were 39 patients: 16 capsulorrhaphy and 23 capsulectomy. Follow-up averaged 22 months postsurgery. The surgical technique included innominate osteotomy, and femoral shortening and derotation. Avascular necrosis developed in one capsulorrhaphy patient. Postoperative redislocation occurred ...

Pope John XXI was an ophthalmologist before becoming Pope. He was born in Lisbon and trained at University of Paris and was part of the early medical school faculty in Siena. He became physician for Pope Gregory X and shifted to church duties. He rose quickly in the ranks of ...

An historical vignette recounting the life of E.J. Curran, M.D., from his beginnings in Australia to his medical education at some of the most prestigious institutions of that era. His significant contributions as chairman of the University of Kansas Department of Ophthalmology are discussed. He became a national figure in ...

When all medical and surgical measures have failed to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with severe and uncontrolled glaucoma, ophthalmologists must turn to cyclodestructive procedures to decrease aqueous production. Several months ago, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) came through with an approval for a new technology in cyclophotocoagulation ...

The purpose of this study was to observe histologic findings in the regenerated maxillary sinus mucosa and restoration of ciliary activity by measuring the speed of mucociliary transport after complete surgical removal of the maxillary sinus mucosa. The maxillary sinuses of 32 rabbits were opened anteriorly and one side of ...

Glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty remains a management problem. The incidence is significant because of the status of those eyes undergoing PKP. Many have had multiple previous surgeries, and aqueous outflow may be compromised before the PKP. The surgery itself causes additional damage to the angle, often inducing peripheral anterior synechiae ...

The transmission of torquing forces between three types of preadjusted bracket was investigated. 0.022-inch Roth prescription 'A'-Company (stainless steel), Silkon (reinforced polycarbonate), and Allure III (polycrystalline ceramic) brackets were used. A selection of stainless steel archwires were chosen, 0.018 x 0.025, 0.019 x 0.025, and 0.021 x 0.025 inch. The ...

Nanophthalmos is a rare form of congenital hypermetropia, in which, the individual is at a high risk of developing angle-closure glaucoma. We report a family of nanophthalmos affecting a brother and sister, as confirmed by biometry. Genetic analysis revealed an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The sister developed angle-closure glaucoma, ...

BACKGROUND: Topical medication applied chronically for the treatment of glaucoma changes the cellular profile of the conjunctiva. We wanted to determine the role of preservatives, which are usually combined with the drugs, on this effect. METHODS: We applied metipranolol 0.3% and pilocarpine 2% with and without benzalkonium chloride 0.01% and ...

The purpose of this study was to prove or refute previous authors' suggestions that tolerance to +Gz is reduced when preceded by 0 Gz or -Gz. Six men and six women were subjected to one session of acceleration stresses that varied between -2 and +2.25 Gz on the NAMRL Coriolis ...

A new ultrasound probe (type 8555) especially constructed for laparoscopic sonography has been developed in collaboration with B&K Medical A/S, Naerum, Denmark. The probe is 9.5 mm in diameter and the usable length of the rod is 39 cm. At the tip a convex scanner of 5-7.5-MHz frequency can be ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the distribution of elastic fibres in the tunica albuginea and the erectile tissue of the penis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of tunica albuginea or penile erectile tissue were taken from seven cadavers and five patients undergoing surgery. Light and electron microscopy were performed. RESULTS: There were two ...

Epithelial permeability and autofluorescence of the cornea were determined by fluorophotometry in 21 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension using timolol medication with the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and 2 weeks after changing to timolol medication without BAC. The investigation was performed to determine whether removal of BAC would ...

The purpose of this study was to measure the biomechanical performance for commercially available microsutures, nylon polypropylene, polyester, and polyglactin 910. The biomechanical performance was determined by reproducible, biomechanical parameters that included stiffness, elasticity, resistance to creep, secure knot construction, and knot breaking strength. On the basis of these comprehensive ...