Biological and medical tradition teaches that sexuality exists for the sole purpose of reproduction. Within this tradition homosexuality has no biological significance. It is conceived as a pathological condition wherein a homosexual has the internal or external characteristics of the opposite sex. The initial search for cross-sex physical characteristics in ...

This study focuses on the interpretation of the Oslerian legacy reflected in the activities and intellectual emphases of the Osler Club of London during its first 10 years. It argues that the founders and early members of the Club were neophytes in a medical elite, pursuing ideals which were congenial ...

Proper management of the videotaping of medical procedures begins with identifying the purpose of the video; determining whether it is educational, diagnostic-related, or for "public relations" purposes; and obtaining a clearly defined consent that addresses an understanding of all risks and expectations involved. Although an exception to the policy may ...

The fundamental ideas which underlie clinical chemistry as an independent scientific field were formed over the course of centuries. Exactly 200 years ago the first modern concepts for this discipline were formulated in close connection with the restructuring of medical education during the French Revolution on the one hand, and ...

This paper presents findings from a longitudinal study of patient refusals (as reported by graduating medical students) to take part in the teaching function of public hospitals. Results from a smaller study of non-patients' attitudes are also reported. Findings are discussed in terms of patients' rights, issues of personal privacy, ...

The development and composition of a hospitalwide medication policies and standards manual are described. Medication policies and procedures developed independently by individual hospital departments and services at a 789-bed private teaching institution created problems related to consistency, the approval process, accreditation standards, and retrievability. Therefore, a joint nursing-pharmacy task force ...

Teaching medical ethics to medical students in a pluralistic society is a challenging task. Teachers of ethics have obligations not just to teach the subject matter but to help create an academic environment in which well motivated students have reinforcement of their inherent good qualities. Emphasis should be placed on ...

BACKGROUND: In 1991, the General Medical Council suggested the development of a new undergraduate curriculum, on a 'core plus electives' basis. The combination of National Health Service reforms and the rising profile of academic departments of general practice had led to a consideration of general practice as an alternative teaching ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the addition of Quick Medical Reference (QMR) to usual educational tools improves an intern's performance in managing clinical cases that test diagnostic and investigative skills. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, single-blinded crossover study. SETTING: Tertiary care teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Comprehensive medical interns who are proficient in the use ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the time allocated for undergraduate teaching of genitourinary medicine has changed since 1984 and to determine the impact of HIV/AIDS on the teaching of the specialty. METHODS: A self completion questionnaire was sent to the consultant in charge of each department of genitourinary medicine attached to ...

The development of somatization disorder is supported by the way physicians focus on somatic complaints but fail to effectively diagnose and relieve them if a specific anatomic or biochemical lesion is not found. This inadequate treatment of somatizing patients may related to the focus of medical teaching as well as ...

The residents' retreat brings the process of medical humanities teaching into closer alignment with some of its most important purposes. The retreat format offers an opportunity to pursue profound and challenging aspects of residency education in more depth than is possible in the usual in-hospital teaching settings. The setting and ...

This article discusses the use of clips of popular movies on videotape to educate family practice residents in the psychosocial aspects of medical care. Video clips anchor residents' insights about patients from clinical practice and illustrate family life cycle issues and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Revised diagnoses. Movies ...

PURPOSE: To identify problems in how medical school faculty are evaluated, from the perspectives of faculty and administrators, and to understand how perceptions of the problems differ among those with varying roles within the medical school. METHOD: In March 1992 seven copies of an open-ended questionnaire were sent to each ...

By judiciously selecting topics and reading materials, one can teach a full semester course on medical physics appropriate for college students not majoring in the natural sciences. This interdisciplinary field offers an opportunity to teach a great deal of basic physics at the freshman level in the context of explaining ...

During 1992-93, the authors produced a video-based teacher development resource kit for rural and isolated general practitioners and hospital medical personnel who are involved in medical teaching. As part of the development process, we surveyed 240 medical undergraduate students of the University of Queensland about their experiences and perceptions of ...

A random sample of clinical teachers at a British medical school was surveyed by postal questionnaire to assess their attitudes to teaching and to teacher training. The response rate among the 186 teachers sampled was 80%. A high degree of enthusiasm for teaching was detected despite a perception that teaching ...

Medical colleges are using various teaching methods and educational resources in education. In order to explore the attitude of medical students towards these educational methods and resources and the factors playing a major role in their use in a medical school in an Arabic culture, a self answered questionnaire was ...

The mock trial is an important educational technique that has seldom been reported in the medical literature. In this paper we describe the evolution of mock trials as a regular component in the educational program for our multidisciplinary staff. The mock trial is not only an excellent strategy for teaching ...

The nation's teaching hospitals depend heavily on $5.2 billion in annual federal payments for graduate medical education, but few of them know what portion pays for patient care and what portion supports teaching activities. Because hospitals and medical schools will continue to confront funding cutbacks under health reform, they must ...

In classical Greek medicine, neither Hippocrates nor Galen considered the condition of the urine to be an important sign of systemic diseases, and they did not relate its characteristics to definite illnesses, except in obvious cases of urinary tract disease. In their teaching, urine was used together with other physical ...

Most research on computer-assisted instruction has concentrated on developing systems to be used outside the teaching environment to supplement or complement in-class teaching. We believe that interactive large-screen computers can be used effectively in the classroom as electronic whiteboards to more effectively teach select medical school courses. We describe our ...

The objective of this cross-sectional observational study was to quantify communication patterns between teachers and trainees on in-patient attending ward rounds and assess trainees' perceptions of the effectiveness of teaching interactions. Sixty-nine in-patient ward rounds on medical and non-medical teaching services at a university hospital and its affiliated VA Medical ...

Applied infrared photography has changed significantly during the last 40 years. Its medical application has dwindled while its overall use has increased dramatically. An understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum and the relationship between what humans are capable of seeing and what infrared sensitive film can record will lead to a ...

The utilization of medical services by patients is an important determinant of doctor productivity, but this factor does not appear to have been given much attention in previous studies. In order to answer the question of why is there a wide variation in doctor output at low level medical facilities ...

Lateral epicondylitis, one of the most common lesions of the arm, affects some 50% of tennis players. This condition poses a problem in clinical management because treatment is dependent not only on proper medical therapy but also on correction of the improper on-court biomechanics. The most common flaw is a ...

Medical students and clinicians have, for generations, based their knowledge and application of anatomy on the study of cadavers which have been fixed in formalin. Assumptions are made that structures maintain the same relationship in the living as in the dead. Such a belief is untrue in respect of the ...

The limits of exciting and fruitful medical teaching exist only in the mind of the teacher. Whether the instructor is in a classroom lecturing, in a small group experience, or in a clinical setting, teaching can be made both interesting and informative if the educator is willing to plan the ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess educational practices, problems, and needs in the teaching of medical interviewing and interpersonal skills. DESIGN: Questionnaires sent to curricular deans and introductory course leaders at all US medical schools in 1991. RESULTS: Of 130 programs, 114 deans (88%) and 92 course directors (71%) responded. Respondents indicated some ...

Storytelling is an effective way of transferring knowledge and values from one person to another. Stories can cross individual, cultural, and educational differences more powerfully than most other methods of learning. For thousands of years stories have been used for teaching. A hospital in California, Alta Bates Medical Center, has ...

The persons who directed the academic teaching of women's health at Yale Medical School are presented by biographical sketches recounting their achievements and some of the difficulties they encountered. Three who provided particular catalysis were Nathan Smith, Herbert Thoms, and Lee Buxton.

Pressures from students and teachers, from professional bodies, and from changes in the way health care is delivered are all forcing a rethink of how medical students should be taught. These pressures may be more intense in London but are not confined to it. The recommendation the Tomlinson report advocates ...

A questionnaire survey has been conducted to assess the nature and extent of teaching given to undergraduate medical students in departments of Oncology within the United Kingdom. Postal questionnaires were sent to 58 departments of Radiotherapy/Oncology and 30 departments of Medical Oncology. This included both teaching and nonteaching departments. Response ...

Teaching psychosomatic medicine is a challenge in the contemporary medical culture that rewards technology and empiricism. The biopsychosocial model of disease offers an overview about psychosomatic medicine for educating students at all levels of medical training. The teacher can then utilize the various perspectives found in psychiatry to emphasize that ...

This paper reviews the issues regarding an increased emphasis on medical education and practice in the ambulatory care setting. A paradigm for ambulatory medicine is offered which combines the elements of 'traditional' medical care and teaching with the more 'distinctive' elements representative of the ambulatory setting. The former includes aetiology, ...

Benzodiazepines are one of the most frequently prescribed classes of medications and by far the biggest class of psychotropic drugs. For years they have been under critical discussion both professionally and in public. The questions arise as to what view is held by university teachers on this topic and how ...

We issue a call for an "osteopathic medical renaissance" in teaching osteopathic principles and osteopathic manipulative techniques. This article describes a seminar series in the postdoctoral training program at the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific. We ask osteopathic physicians to enhance their manual dexterity skills to better serve ...

The authors sent a six-item questionnaire regarding attitudes about teaching to 130 part-time community internal medicine faculty at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford in August 1991; of the 90 (69%) who responded, 53 were salaried and 37 nonsalaried. Substantial numbers of the salaried faculty responded (1) ...

Integrating the teaching of medical ethics into medical students' clinical education is challenging, given the competing demands on students' time and the need for teaching to be clinically relevant. This paper describes a model programme for incorporating ethics teaching into the obstetrics and gynaecology clerkship for third-year medical students. The ...

Over the past two decades in the USA, bioethics has become an accepted component of medical education, whereas in Australia, 10 years or even less would encompass the history of most existing programmes. Given the legendary conservatism of medical schools in Australia and the intractability of the medical curriculum, this ...

The Dr. William M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine in Chicago recently affiliated with a teaching hospital, the Illinois Masonic Medical Center, and used this alliance as a catalyst to effect a change in the clinical curriculum. The affiliation set up a joint venture to operate two clinics, one on ...

Controlling hyperlipidemia is an important aspect in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. This article provides the clinician with a general reference for currently used lipid-lowering agents. Lipoproteins present in the plasma are defined and a brief overview of their functions is presented. Normal lipid uptake from the ...

This presentation sets out the aims and methodology involved in creating a sophisticated teaching archive in tropical medicine based on the Wellcome Museum of Medical Science. This visual archive will take the form of a videodisc database containing 30,000 video stills combined with a limited amount of moving material. While ...

The author recently spent 4 months at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, as a visiting professor of radiology. In this report he describes his experiences in the country and at the hospital and medical school, which is one of only three in Malaysia. Each day, the author ...

In 1988 the Oregon Health Sciences University established its first faculty practice teaching clinic wherein physicians in training were incorporated into a faculty private practice clinic; this pilot project proved very successful and has been subsequently adopted as the model for essentially all outpatient clinics (both medical and surgery) in ...

The General Professional Education of the Physician (GPEP) Report (1984) recommended a major re-examination of the clinical clerkship, so that medical students could master the basic skills of medicine before graduation. These include clinical observation, interviewing, physical examination, and problem-solving skills. This essay discusses the teaching approach of one attending ...

Medical illustrators produce vast numbers of images used in audiovisual programmes for medical teaching. We know that students can learn by using audiovisual teaching materials but do not always know how well they learn, particularly in comparison with other teaching methods. To find out how effective audiovisual teaching is, it ...

The effectiveness of peer review in postgraduate medical teaching by hospital consultants using videotape recordings of teaching sessions has been assessed. The technique is useful for routine, infrequent and for 'one off' self-tuition. Participants' assessment of the 'clarity of structure' of teaching sessions and 'abilities to self-analyse' did change but ...

Clinical teachers' attributes, beliefs and attitudes to teaching were measured by mailing a questionnaire to a 50% sample of staff at a British medical school. This paper describes the attributes of the 80% who responded. The majority (83%) were male and females were particularly under-represented in the upper echelons of ...

Rheumatological disease is common but is often overlooked or inadequately assessed by doctors. This may reflect training in the discipline. The results of a survey of all British medical schools by the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council and the British Society for Rheumatology show that clinical rheumatology teaching forms a small ...