Not only high number of students, increasing disintegration of curricula, lack of resources or hindering state regulations and laws seem to be the crucial problem in medical education worldwide but in particular substantially reduced interest and poor commitment in educational matters. Ten statements on possible reasons for the teachers' lack ...

A plastic surgery syllabus for third-year medical students is described. It is intended for a teaching programme in which plastic surgery is integrated into the surgical teaching on the same basis as the other surgical specialties. The syllabus was designed to concentrate on aspects of plastic surgery relevant to the ...

The position of clinical pharmacologists in the field of medicine is reviewed. In more than one-third of the medical schools in Europe, teaching of clinical pharmacology is inadequate or non-existent. The situation in Italy is even worse; there are, however, 18 schools of specialization in pharmacology in that country, covering ...

... The main topic of this publication is the involvement of professional medical doctors in the course of torture in, generally speaking, the following ways: 1. Medical scientific knowledge and experience is used in the design of the methods and techniques of torture, for example pharmacological torture; 2. Doctors teach ...

In this article we examine the role of basic medical physiology in medical school education. We discuss the historical background, courses in this subject, and methods of teaching it. We conclude that the teaching of medical physiology should emphasize the study of organ systems and of the intact body. The ...

The topic of consent in paediatrics is made more difficult, and at the same time more interesting, by the complexity of the issues involved and the consequent diversity of viewpoints. In a teaching session for senior medical students on consent in paediatrics it proved necessary to reinstate previous learning from ...

Supervised role-play is presented as a method for teaching the process of the medical consultation. The process of the consultation is reviewed and a brief description of supervised role-play is given with some of its advantages and disadvantages. Some simple devices used in the method are explained with examples. The ...

A 3-year-old Morgan filly was presented to the University of Florida, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, for heart murmur, poor growth, and progressive exercise intolerance. Thoracic radiographs, cardiac ultrasound, cardiac catheterization, and differential blood gases were utilized to tentatively diagnose tetralogy of Fallot. Postmortem examination confirmed tetralogy of Fallot and additionally ...

Common barriers to medication noncompliance include complex medication schedules, inadequate teaching, poor vision, or loss of dexterity. However, a less obvious factor is that of low literacy. Tailoring and cuing, derived from theories of behavior modification, define the problem by the current, immediate behaviors of the patient and analyze the ...

Interactive video is a new teaching medium that has much potential in medical education. Hitherto, the realization of this potential has been restrained by lack of awareness among medical teachers of the advantageous features provided and how to implement them, while computer specialists lack the required medical knowledge. To facilitate ...

The Accreditation Committee on Graduate Medical Education requires both sufficient volume and variety of necropsy material for training in anatomic pathology. Since the number of autopsies has declined markedly in the last 20 years, the author sought to determine whether the variety of case material available from the autopsies performed ...

Multimedia teaching tools in Medicine are still very rare. Their presentation on a CD-ROM format is part of the emerging technologies in Medical Informatics. The Multimedia material presented here on Dental and Skeletal Development is mostly a Database and a Tutorial. The Database, which contains more than 2000 hand/wrist radiographs, ...

There is a great need to review and critically assess medical education. Role-play has seen increasing use as an educational tool. We investigated its role in a 'conventional speciality', Obstetrics and Gynaecology. This is a part of the medical curriculum where communication skills are particularly important, but difficult to learn ...

"Spanish for Medical Professionals" is an application authored using the IBM InfoWindow Presentation System (IWPS). It consists of a double-sided videodisc featuring four doctor/patient dialogues interrupted by comprehension quizzes, plus a large visual and audio data base for drill and practice of Spanish words and phrases in the following classifications: ...

Since the reform of the Italian medical degree in 1988, fourth-year students now study the dynamics of the doctor-patient relationship as part of the compulsory 'methodology of the clinical, therapeutic, prevention and rehabilitation approach' course. This work illustrates a pilot scheme carried out at the Milan University Medical School and ...

This descriptive correlational study replicated Byrne and Edeani's (1984) investigation of hospitalized clients' (N = 25) knowledge of 50 common medical terms. The present study also included 25 family members. The mean number of correct responses was 46 (of 50) with no difference between clients and families. Only nine terms ...

Videotechnology provides a new vehicle to augment experiential learning in medical education. This report is an assessment of 15 years' experience in the use of videotape review in a family practice residency program, and identifies a number of specific issues and principles that were found useful to faculty in the ...

Nurses can update their use of pre-op teaching materials with medical playthings. Anatomical dolls, medical puppets and stuffed animals, toys and games, as well as replicas of medical equipment and furniture are now available to demonstrate more clearly to patients what will be happening to them. Using actual medical supplies ...

The design and uses of an innovative technology-based approach which addresses critical problems with bedside teaching during ward rounds in the current health care situation are described. A cardiology patient simulator (HARVEY) and an accompanying computer-based interactive laserdisk system provide medical students, house officers and other health professionals with the ...

As far as we can tell, there is no single answer to any of these questions. This paper describes some of the approaches adopted in the teaching of medical statistics in the U.K. medical schools. It is suggested that collaboration between non-statistically qualified teachers and medical statisticians is beneficial, with ...

Thirty-eight teaching hospital affiliated accident and emergency departments were surveyed by post to try to find if there had been any change in undergraduate medical student teaching over the past 10 years. Twenty-six departments replied. The results showed that although there has been an improvement in the teaching of A&E ...

Medical undergraduates in all United Kingdom medical schools receive statistics teaching, but attempts to establish the efficacy of this teaching have been scanty. Establishment of clear educational objectives is a prerequisite to meaningful evaluation. Most medical schools have attempted to obtain feedback from their students by administering questionnaires. Examination performance ...

Academic medical centers (AMCs) are under pressure to increase ambulatory medical education, but their capacity for such teaching is limited. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are a large and growing institutional setting that could participate in clinical education. Until now, relatively few HMOs and AMCs have reached agreements about teaching, because ...

Faculty development is that process that fosters improvement in faculty members' skills in teaching and research and promotes their career advancement. This study investigated the association between organizational behavior in military medical centers and the faculty development of its medical corps officers assigned to teaching positions. Such organizational behaviors as ...

Rapid developments in molecular biology coupled with increased patient awareness and expectations emphasize the importance of ensuring that medical students are familiar with the principles of human genetics and their applications in clinical and preventive medicine. The present survey by the Royal College of Physicians of British medical schools revealed ...

As trends in medical care delivery shift from the inpatient to the outpatient setting, it is important that practices in medical education adapt accordingly. The environment of the teaching clinic should be warm, considerate of the needs of students, faculty, patients and their parents, and should allow ample time for ...

Growth patterns of medical interviewing skills during a 6-year undergraduate curriculum are assessed by studying 563 medical students taken from five year-groups, interviewing simulated patients. In a cross-sectional, quasi-experimental design their skills are rated by means of the Maastricht History-taking and Advice Checklist (MAAS), an observation instrument which measures five ...

In a warm and personal memoir, a world renowned ophthalmologist recounts experiences from his medical school days in pre-war Austria, through the tense and chaotic years of World War II, and the years of learning, practicing, and teaching in New York and Iowa after his immigration to the U.S.A. Special ...

A World Health Organisation (European Regional Office) working party has been established to review the progress of clinical pharmacology in European countries. As part of this review a questionnaire on the teaching of clinical pharmacology was sent to the Deans of all 350 medical schools in the region. Very few ...

Efforts at medical psychotherapy in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital are appraised. Six popular generalisations that have tended to discourage attempts at medical psychotherapy in Africa are presented and illustrated by thirteen vignettes derived from our experience in psychotherapy among Nigerians in the last six years. The vignettes encourage reappraisal ...

Designing and producing videos for medical teaching has nothing in common with television production for broadcasting. The educational video producer has a well defined audience of known intellectual level, the audience is small and the justifiable budget commensurate. The producer must capitalize on the presentational characteristics of the television medium ...

Despite the rapidly increasing volume of medical literature, little attention has been paid to the appropriate printed format for teaching clinical content. This study attempted to determine whether a clinical algorithm (CA) or prose is more effective for teaching clinical decisionmaking. Clerkship students, preclerkship students, and pediatric house officers in ...

Changes intended to improve resident working conditions and supervision must take into account the complex realities governing teaching services. The American College of Physicians supports the ongoing reexamination of these issues, and recommends the following: 1) change be systematic and coordinated, balancing patient care and teaching needs; 2) changes in ...

An attempt was made to study the adequacy of leprosy teaching at the undergraduate level of the four medical colleges in Bombay, and to suggest possible routes towards the reorientation of leprosy teaching. Over 55% of the medical faculty contacted expressed dissatisfaction with the existing pattern of leprosy teaching. The ...

A method is described of teaching medical students aspects of psychiatry related to their work with physically ill patients. The teaching requires few resources and focuses on a limited number of educational objectives centred on the acquisition of knowledge of psychiatry relevant to medical practice. The course comprised eight weekly ...

Obviously, these suggestions are just the tip of the iceberg. If you allow yourself to relax and brainstorm, either alone or with your colleagues, you can create any number of variations and modifications to these ideas, not to mention a long list of your own. Whether you have some cobwebs ...

This paper examines instructional issues such as how, when, and where the medical humanities are taught in medical school settings. The author interviewed seven humanities scholars teaching in medical schools using open-ended questions which elicited data illustrating 1) informants' teaching styles; 2) where/how their teaching currently fits in the medical ...

This paper is based on a relatively brief postal survey of teaching in United Kingdom medical schools. Data were collected from 29 of the 30 medical schools about the provisions for their preclinical psychology teaching and examination as well as some indicators of the reactions of students and other staff. ...

This article is written to try and convince the 'sceptics' that teaching with simulated patients is the way ahead in medical education. It describes in part, the method used in the General Practice Unit at the University of Leicester and attempts to explain how it feels and what it means ...

We have presented some views on past, present and potential trends for teaching clinical pharmacology in the medical curriculum. Clinical pharmacology as subject matter in the medical curriculum has been operationally defined for our purposes as: (1) the application of fundamental principles of basic pharmacology to rational drug therapy in ...

In teaching clinical problem solving the probabilistic component should be emphasized. In the domain of empirical medical knowledge to be utilized in diagnostic strategies the prediction according to clinicians' subjective probabilities is used in medical decision making concerning patient problem definition and diagnosis. Two approaches in teaching differential diagnosing by ...

Medical education is moving to a more problem-orientated basis than was the case formerly. The Modified Essay Question has its origins in this movement, being introduced in the late 1960s as one assessment technique more suited to general practice than other traditional assessment methods. In its original form it is ...

Job van Meekeren of Amsterdam was a surgeon, respected by outstanding contemporary medical doctors for his knowledge of medical literature and his skills, who made a definite link between anatomy and surgery. He showed a great interest in hand surgery, and interesting is a demonstration of flexor tendon repairs on ...

A successful feature of the 4th-year curriculum in the Medical Faculty of the Queen's University, Belfast has been the development of interdisciplinary teaching in a three-week joint course to which several clinical departments contribute...Co-ordinated teaching of topics of common interest in small groups included, until the academic year 1987/88, a ...

Medical internship can be a physically exhausting and emotionally traumatic experience. This study assesses various aspects of internship, including continuing medical education, workload and stress, at the five Johannesburg teaching hospitals during 1985 and 1986. Data were analysed from a confidential questionnaire. Eighty-two interns completed the questionnaire at the end ...

In the fall of 1986 approximately 100 faculty members, community physicians, house staff members, and students associated with Indiana University School of Medicine participated in a conference on "Teachers as Role Models: The Impact on the Learning Process." Small-group discussions allowed the participants to define and discuss the impact of ...

Written 'trigger' segments depicting emotionally charged clinical situations arising from real patient encounters, and ending with a pertinent statement by the parent, were prepared and presented to senior medical students, postgraduate medical and allied professionals. They were asked to record their immediate reactions, how they would have responded and on ...

Preparation of high-quality 35-mm slides for the teaching of cardiovascular pathology involves little more time and expense than the preparation of poor-quality slides. Attention to proper focusing and exposure times, the use of diffusion screens to eliminate reflections, and the use of nonobtrusive black backgrounds are recommended. Specimens should be ...

Over 90% of medical schools in the United States and Canada use gynecologic teaching associate (GTA) programs to instruct medical students in breast and pelvic examinations. Concerns about possible deleterious emotional, psychosocial or physical effects of such teaching activities upon the GTAs were evaluated. No sustained deleterious mental or physical ...

Problems in the control of access to and administration of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in Northeast Brazil are described and discussed. Administration of ORT is controlled by the medical establishment, which is in general opposed to the use of home made and home administered ORT. Reasons for this resistance are ...