Adolescent smoking remains a public health problem. Despite concerns regarding adolescent nicotine dependence, few well-designed smoking cessation studies have been conducted with teen smokers. This is particularly true regarding pharmacologic treatments for nicotine dependence. Currently, pharmacologic aids are not recommended for treating adolescent nicotine dependence, as efficacy has not been ...

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco cessation medication use increases the likelihood of a successful quit attempt, but few smokers are prescribed medications. Electronic health records (EHRs) may increase cessation medication prescription. This study aimed to assess the impact of an electronic alert and linked order set on cessation medication prescription. METHODS: This pre- ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine smoking prevalence, knowledge and attitudes, and tobacco cessation training among university students attending European medical schools using the Global Health Professional Students Survey approach. METHODS: A cross-country, cross-sectional study was performed among 12 medical schools in four countries in Europe (Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain). The survey ...

Objectives.- The primary objective was to compare the efficacy of a sumatriptan and naproxen combination medication (SumaRT/Nap-85 mg sumatriptan and 500 mg naproxen sodium), a butalbital-containing combination medication (BCM-50 mg butalbital, 325 mg acetaminophen, 40 mg caffeine), and placebo when used to treat moderate to severe migraine headache pain in subjects who used BCMs in ...

INTRODUCTION: This study sought to determine the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with water pipe and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among a population of medical students in the Pretoria area, South Africa. METHODS: Undergraduate medical students (N = 722) in their 2nd and 6th year of study in 2 medical ...

PURPOSE: Evaluate the rate, type and severity of medication errors occurring during Medical Emergency Team (MET) care at a large, tertiary-care, academic medical center. METHODS: A prospective, observational evaluation of 50 patients that required MET care was conducted. Data on medication use were collected using a direct-observation method whereby an ...

Vincristine (VCR) is a fundamental component of various chemotherapy protocols. Several reports of accidental intramuscular (i.m.) administration or overdose of VCR have been published in the medical literature. We report on an uneventful clinical course of both i.m. and overdose of VCR in a 6-year-old girl with Wilms' tumor. To ...

Involuntary medication is one of the coercive measures used in psychiatry. We argue that direct extrapolation of placebo and nocebo effects of psychiatric medication in the voluntary setting to the situation of coercive treatment is probably not justified. Both placebo and nocebo effects are based upon patient expectations about the ...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects 12.5% of the US population. On epidemiologic grounds, some association has been found between CRS prevalence and air pollution, active cigarette smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, perennial allergic rhinitis, and gastroesophageal reflux. The majority of pediatric and adult patients with CRS are immune competent. Data on genetic ...

The study objective was to determine the relation of prenatal smoking exposure to the use of psychotropic medication up to young adulthood by using population-based longitudinal register data consisting of all singletons born in Finland from 1987 to 1989 (n = 175,869). Information on maternal smoking was assessed during antenatal ...

110 000 to 140 000 people die in Germany each year of tobacco-related diseases. Thus, measures should be taken to lower the number of persons who start smoking, encourage smokers to stop, and keep those who have stopped from starting again, in order to achieve a sustained benefit in public ...

It is observed in studies done for western medical journals that insufficient information related to drug is usually provided in the drug advertisements published in them. As data for advertisements published in Indian Medical Journals were lacking, this study was designed with the aim of evaluating drug advertisements published in ...

Tobacco smoking causes high rates of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Despite the availability of smoking-cessation medications, maintenance of long-term abstinence is difficult, and most individuals who attempt to quit smoking relapse. Although tobacco smoke contains many substances, researchers and policymakers agree that nicotine is a major cause of ...

BACKGROUND: The use of smoking cessation medications can considerably enhance the long-term abstinence rate at a reasonable cost, but only a small proportion of quitters seek medical assistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors that influence the decision to use such treatments and the willingness-to-pay of ...

The largest contribution to the population dose from man-made ionizing radiation sources is the medical exposure. Exposure to patients from medical examinations is of interest because it is a global indicator for the quality of radiology practice. Due to the different healthcare systems and the considerable variations in the equipment ...

Background. Use of nonstimulant psychotropic medications other than antidepressants in young children is reported to be increasing. The patient safety ramifications of this remain unclear. Objectives. To evaluate the frequency of calls to a regional poison center reporting adverse drug effects and the level of medical attention required in young children who ...

Aims: To investigate whether there were changes in the rate of prescribing of smoking cessation medications in the months leading up to, and after, the introduction of smokefree legislation in England. Design: Interrupted time series analysis of prescribing rates using ARIMA models. Setting: 350 general practices in England who contribute ...

To observe the frequency of cigarette smoking in medical students of King Edward Medical University and to determine associated variables. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and data was collected through a self administered questionnaire from students at King Edward Medical University. Information about demographic characteristics, smoking status in family, number ...

Most health professionals are unaware of the extent to which aspects of language, such as metaphor, influence their practice. Sensitivity to metaphor can deepen our understanding of healthcare and, arguably, improve its quality. This is because metaphors, and the linguisticality of which they are a part, shape medical practice in ...

To report 3-year results of the safety and efficacy of canaloplasty, a procedure involving circumferential viscodilation and tensioning of the inner wall of Schlemm canal to treat open-angle glaucoma. Multicenter surgical sites. Nonrandomized multicenter clinical trial. This study comprised adult open-angle glaucoma patients having canaloplasty or combined cataract-canaloplasty surgery. Qualifying ...

Tobacco use is a major cause of avoidable mortality. Postgraduate doctors in training are an important group of physicians likely to influence patients' tobacco use/cessation. To assess preparedness for tobacco control among clinical postgraduate residents of a medical college in southern India. A cross-sectional study was undertaken among all clinical ...

Patients present to the emergency department (ED) for a variety of reasons and some require diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for their conditions. In order for some of these procedures to be carried out successfully, the patient must be at a suppressed level of consciousness in order to tolerate the associated ...

Hunting many types of wild game is an avidly pursued outdoor activity that attracts all ages and both genders at various times of the year. Deer hunting is a popular sport in many regions of North America. A variety of weapons are used in the hunting, trapping, and killing of ...

Various prescribed and over-the-counter medications may theoretically be incompatible with the diving environment. Anecdotally, it is known divers regularly take medications around the time of their diving activities for different health conditions, possibly ignoring the recommendations not to do so. As part of a diversion in a study of illicit ...

This was a retrospective, descriptive and documental study with the aim of identifying adverse drug events which occurred in the medication administration process and to classify these medication errors. This study was developed in the internal medicine unit of a general hospital of Goiás, Brazil. Report books used by nursing ...

To determine the prevalence of smoking among medical students at the medical college at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, and assess the association between smoking and socio-demographical factors, smoking contacts, reasons for smoking and attempts to quit. Cross-sectional survey in which anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used to survey the ...

This article focuses on the current state of medical education as it relates to the reforms introduced in the wake of the Flexner Report of 1910. The usefulness of outsiders in both understanding and analysing any specialised endeavour, and, specifically, medical education, is carefully considered. No voices call more loudly ...

Using medical advances to enhance human athletic, aesthetic, and cognitive performance, rather than to treat disease, has been controversial. Little is known about physicians' experiences, views, and attitudes in this regard. We surveyed a national sample of physicians to determine how often they prescribe enhancements, their views on using medicine ...

Age-old practice "using tobacco" is a well known major global concern as it victimizes all its lovers by a host of chronic noncommunicable diseases including cancer; all develop very slowly and silently, and can cause premature death. To assess the pattern of tobacco use among the medical and nonmedical college ...

The current evidence-based guideline on self-medication in migraine and tension-type headache of the German, Austrian and Swiss headache societies and the German Society of Neurology is addressed to physicians engaged in primary care as well as pharmacists and patients. The guideline is especially concerned with the description of the methodology ...

Global access to anti-retroviral medication (ARVs) has increased exponentially in recent years. As a relatively recent phenomenon for the global South, much knowledge is being added, but analysis of 'access' to ARVs remains partial. The main research objective of this article is to gain a fuller picture of the range ...

Although fatal accidents caused by alcohol-related harassment occur frequently among college students, this issue has not been adequately examined. This study set out to investigate the prevalence of alcohol-related harassment among medical students in Japan. A multi-institutional, cross-sectional survey was carried out across seven medical schools in Japan. A self-report ...

Older adults are a population vulnerable to the effects of alcohol, medication-to-alcohol interactions, and combining multiple medications. This study examines the effectiveness of a prevention program to increase older adults' knowledge about these risks. Older adults (N = 348) were asked to participate in a prevention program and to take ...

The author tells a story of how he has become an expert of interventional radiotherapy from a graduate of middle school. In his childhood, he wanted to become an astronomer. However, he was forced to go to the countryside as a school graduate. In 1974, he was enrolled as a ...

This study mainly aimed at describing the factors associated with self-medicated consumption of drugs in Spain from a gender perspective. Descriptive, cross-sectional study covering the Spanish adult population, using data drawn from the 2006 and 2007 Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS). A total of 20,738 subjects were analyzed. The independent ...

In the last 100 years there has been extensive debate regarding the physician workforce. The initial consensus was there were too many physicians in the United States. The Flexner Report in 1910 and the Report of the Commission on Medical Education of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) in ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with psychiatric morbidity and hazardous alcohol use in Australian doctors. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional postal survey of 2999 doctors (including all major specialty groups, trainees and general practitioners) insured with an Australian medical insurance company. The potential for psychiatric morbidity was measured by the ...

The U.S. substance-abuse treatment system has been slow to adopt medications for the treatment of alcohol-use disorders (AUDs). The objectives of this study are to (a) determine how the inherent characteristics of injectable naltrexone (i.e., relative advantage, complexity, trialability, observability, compatibility) shape organizational-level decisions to adopt the medication and (b) ...

OBJECTIVE: Acamprosate, oral and long-acting injectable naltrexone, and disulfiram are approved for treatment of alcohol dependence. Their availability and consideration of their use in treatment are now standards of high-quality care. This study determined rates of medication initiation among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients. METHODS: VHA pharmacy and administrative data ...

Alcoholism and other alcohol use disorders are major public health problems, and the success rates of non-pharmacological treatment of these disorders such as psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, group therapy, or residential treatment programs,remain only modest at best. High rates of recidivism (relapse) in alcoholics attempting to remain abstinent are prevalent worldwide. ...

Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist with established efficacy, albeit moderate, for the treatment of alcohol dependence. This manuscript provides a critical review of the literature on naltrexone as a pharmacotherapy for alcoholism by covering the following areas: (a) clinical findings from treatment studies; (b) pharmacokinetics and safety data; (c) ...

A pressing concern in contemporary health policy is whether the medical profession's mandate to take care of clients has been undermined by the influx of money into health care. We examine the medical profession's transformation over the past decades. First, we review how sociologists have viewed the medical profession over ...

In the early 1960s, LTC Richard L. Coppedge, Medical Corps, expanded the functions of the Office of the Surgeon for the Special Warfare Center at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. He drew upon the then recent Special Forces experience in Laos and the beginnings of Special Forces experience in Vietnam to ...

An extensive literature supports the role of dopamine in the development and maintenance of alcohol dependence. Yet the organization of brain dopamine is complex, with multiple dopamine receptor subtypes and distinct effects on reinforcement, craving, motivation and behavior. Several modestly effective pharmacological treatments for alcoholism, including naltrexone, baclofen and ondansetron, ...

We developed and examined the effectiveness of the Florida Brief Intervention and Treatment for Elders (BRITE) project, a 3-year, state-funded pilot program of screening and brief intervention for older adult substance misusers. Agencies in 4 counties conducted screenings among 3497 older adults for alcohol, medications, and illicit substance misuse problems ...

AIMS: This study compares the views of final year medical, and nursing and allied health professional (NAHP) students in relation to four governmental proposals impacting on the sale and purchase of alcohol. METHODS: Against a background of political will to address alcohol abuse in Scotland and moves within the National ...

Self-medication is a common behavior among individuals with anxiety disorders, yet few studies have examined the correlates of this behavior. The current study addresses this issue by exploring the pattern of mental health service use and quality of life among people who self-medicate for anxiety. Data came from the National ...

Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist with established efficacy, albeit moderate, for the treatment of alcohol dependence. This manuscript provides a critical review of the literature on naltrexone as a pharmacotherapy for alcoholism by covering the following areas: (a) clinical findings from treatment studies; (b) pharmacokinetics and safety data; (c) ...

Musculoskleletal conditions comprise the second most common reason for physician visits and have the greatest negative impact on health-related quality of life in the industrialized world. Therefore, all medical schools should provide education for their students in these disorders. Physiatrists play a unique role in musculoskeletal care and hence, should ...

Despite the fact that alcoholism is a severe public health problem of worldwide proportions, only a limited number of medications is used as coadjuvant treatment. The objectives of this study were to analyse the use of disulfiram for alcohol-dependent patients and the immediate interruption of treatment following medication prescription. This ...