A detailed examination is presented of the background to the reports and policy developments concerning drug dependence which emerged in Britain during the 1960s. Analysis of documents and interviews with policy makers, officials and doctors involved in the events of the period, reveal that explanatory models in terms of 'moral ...

A report of progress on the research program of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases on Medical Defense against Biological Agents for fiscal year 1985 is presented.

The author spent seven months in Britain on sabbatical leave from the Illinois College of Optometry. One purpose of the time away was to learn about the optometric profession and education in the United Kingdom. The result is a view of the profession based on visits to optometric institutions and ...

It has been suggested that taking extra vitamins around the time of conception may reduce the risk of fetal neural-tube defects. We have examined the evidence for this and conclude that there is considerable doubt about the efficacy of such a regimen. Also, it cannot be assumed that the taking ...

The process of discovery of 18 important adverse drug reactions was reviewed. For each adverse reaction the dates were noted of the report which first alerted the medical profession to the suspected reaction, the report which resulted in verification of causality beyond reasonable doubt, and the first regulatory action or ...

With the increasing use and need for macerated skulls and bony structures in medical research and resident and medical student studies, an economical, easy, and efficient method of obtaining cleaned and bleached specimens has been developed. The process requires short-term skeletal simmering in a 10% solution of commercially available enzymatic ...

Sociology is a discipline in which sociologists are committed to the pursuit of knowledge but do not have an obligation to implement that knowledge by social action. The medical profession, by contrast, accepts an obligation to implement the knowledge it achieves in practice. This obligation is grounded in the fact ...

The use of photography in medicine began with many problems, in the second half of the last century. In the specific field of hand diseases the surviving photographs are few but very interesting. The author, through patient research in private and public collections has gathered these first medical photographs and ...

Although the nominal diameters of fibres produced in the glass and rock wool industries are usually 6-15 micrometers, these products contain a small proportion of respirable fibres (less than 3 micrometers diameter). Particular significance has been attached to the biological risk arising from the long (greater than 10 micrometers), fine ...

The design of clinical trials in cancer is a subject which features reasonably often among FRCR (Part 1) examination questions, and as such should be of more than passing interest to oncologists. It is also a subject which is gaining in relevance since the number of trials is increasing annually ...

The blood level achieved with 15 mg/kg ordinary isoniazid (INH) was compared with that obtained with INH slow releasing Matrix preparation. Three brands of INH Matrix preparation were compared namely: the product of ICN Canada Ltd, utilized by Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, the preparation of Smith and Nephew, Britain ...

It is increasingly apparent that physicians and veterinarians share the same pool of scientific knowledge and that diseases of animals have many direct and indirect connexions with human health. Nowadays it is realized that, given the opportunity, the veterinarian can make substantial contributions to the medical services by (a) controlling ...

In rehabilitation the frame of reference of the helping professions is significantly different from the standard medical model in the following areas: the dynamics of the relationship, basis for client's trust of the professional, activity versus passivity of both the client and the professional, and the approach to identification and ...

The program for health services developed by the government of Dr. Salvador Allende Gossens in Chile is outlined, as well as its early effects. A review of this development is necessary to an understanding of the systematic opposition of the organized medical profession to this program in particular, and to ...

A total of 177 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia aged 1 to 13 years were entered in a trial in which one of the variables was "prophylactic" treatment against central nervous system (C.N.S.) relapse. Patients who achieved haematological remission on a standard chemotherapy regimen either received or did not receive ...

A double-blind placebo trial of fluphenazine decanoate, a long-acting phenothiazine, was carried out to determine its value in maintenance therapy of chronic schizophrenic outpatients already established on the drug for a minimum period of eight weeks. In low doses it was significantly more effective than placebo in preventing relapse and ...

One hundred and ninety-one cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were entered in a trial in which, for five months, all received cytotoxic therapy with prednisolone, vincristine, mercaptopurine, L-asparaginase, and methotrexate (the latter in high dosage followed by folinic acid). Patients were then randomized to receive immunotherapy (B.C.G.), twice-weekly methotrexate, or ...

This report gives the findings after two years of a study of long-term oral cytotoxic chemotherapy with busulphan or cyclophoshamide in carcinoma of the bronchus compared with two placebos, identical in appearance to the drug-containing tablets. A total of 753 patients who had had a total resection of the tumour, ...

Patients with various forms of glomerulonephritis, but excluding those with minimal glomerular changes, were admitted to a controlled trial of a regimen which combined azathioprine in a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg/day with prednisone in a dosage of 20 mg/day (adults) or 0.5 mg/kg/day (children). Of 149 patients included, 32 of ...

The Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC), a component of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, coordinates training of medical researchers and promotes medical research in Bangladesh. The council often works in conjunction with international agencies such as the World Health Organization, Unicef, the World Bank, and the United Nations ...

What does running a police force have in common with enhancing standards in the medical profession? Plenty, says Sandy Forrest, first head of the Council for the Regulation of Healthcare Professionals

President Odegaard here presents some stimulating thoughts for medical educators and for other members of the medical profession. Although a historian by profession, he has considerable familiarity with medical matters from his membership in the Citizens Commission on Graduate Medical Education (Millis Commission), the President's National Advisory Commission on Health ...

Medical researcher who pioneered the controlled clinical trial as a gold standard and who demonstrated the efficacy of streptomycin as a treatment for tuberculosis

The social life of disease-causing bacteria is one of six essays forming the tenth collection of the Mill Hill essays series produced by the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), part of the Medical Research Council. The Mill Hill Essays address current interests of scientists and how they may relate ...

The Scoliosis Research Society's (SRS) mission is to foster optimal care of the patient with any disorder that may affect the shape, alignment or function of the spine, throughout life. The site contains in-depth patient information about scoliosis, including a medical glossary of terms. For members there is access to ...

Charles Halliley Kellaway (1889-1952) was one of the first Australians to make a full-time career of medical research. He built his scientific reputation on studies of snake venoms and anaphylaxis. Under Kellaway's directorship, the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute gained worldwide acclaim, and he played a critical role in its ...

Donald Metcalf's contributions to the understanding of haemopoietic growth factors have led to the use of G-CSF and GM-CSF as valuable new therapies in medical oncology. We asked Professor Metcalf to reflect on his 40 years in medical research (most of it spent at the laboratory bench) and to give ...

The Phenistix screening test for phenylketonuria in newborn infants, when used routinely at the recommended age of 4 to 6 weeks, passes as normal a substantial proportion-perhaps between a quarter and a half-of children with the disease, who are then diagnosed only after brain damage has occurred. Screening procedures based ...

For fourteen years public attention has been focused so sharply on atomic weapons as to lose sight of other, less spectacular but equally significant advances in the art of warfare. In the shadows cast by brilliant research in nuclear physics are hidden startling advances in the field of chemical and ...