Dextromethorphan, the d-isomer of the opiate agonist levorphanol, has none of the analgesic or sedative effects associated with the opiates and is approved for over-the-counter use as an antitussive. It is available, in various combinations with other medications, in nonprescription cough suppressant and common cold formulations, and its availability in ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of U.S. citizens who become ill or injured while on vacation outside the United States and are transported back to the United States by emergency air medical transports. DESIGN: A retrospective self-reported survey covering a study period of three years (1988-1990) of air medical ...

The standard of practice and teaching for prehospital pediatric endotracheal intubation (PETI) in the United States currently is unknown. The accepted practice of prehospital PETI is of interest because it has contradictory support in the medical literature. PETI is an accepted method of prehospital airway control in the United States. ...

The histories of dietetics and the US military have been intertwined since the late 19th century. Born in the turbulent year of 1917 in an effort to make significant contributions to the United States as it prepared to enter World War I, The American Dietetic Association rapidly became a viable ...

In 1987, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigated a case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in a 28-year-old woman in the United States; the patient had onset of CJD 19 months after an operation in which she received an imported, commercially prepared, cadaveric dura mater graft (LYODURA, processed ...

Navy medical units were assigned wartime missions they were not prepared to fulfill. They were neither staffed nor equipped to care for the numbers of casualties they were told to expect, provide noncombat medical care, support the evacuation of casualties out of theater, or receive large numbers of chemically contaminated ...

Self-report survey data were used to investigate the effects of liquor sales privatization on cross-border liquor purchases. A state survey sample representing the Iowa age 18+ noninstitutionalized population was interviewed in April 1989, some 25 months after retail spirits sales were privatized. Despite a privatization induced 6.1% increase in retail ...

This study determined the feasibility of establishing a neonatal step-down unit (neonatal feed and grow unit/level II nursery) at Eisenhower Army Medical Center to recapture Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) monies currently paid to the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia. The author conducted a ...

Undergraduate medical education in Canada and the United States is remarkably similar, except for the fact that Canadian medical schools are supported by their provincial governments. However, the systems diverge sharply at the postgraduate level. In Canada, the number and specialty mix of residents are negotiated by medical schools in ...

When the Medical College of Virginia became a smoke-free facility on May 1, 1990, the inpatient unit of the Division of Substance Abuse Medicine decided that it would require tobacco abstinence of its patients, and that it would treat nicotine addiction in a similar fashion as other chemical dependencies. Surreptitious ...

In an attempt to define the clinical parameters and relevance of ototopical medications, including their usefulness in permanent inner ear damage, a questionnaire survey was sent to 7463 otolaryngologists within the United States, of which 2235 responded. The four main categories were demographic data, patterns of practice, factors influencing use ...

The paper puts forward the idea that a relative lack of interest in the quantitative aspects of pathophysiological processes has made medical practice as well as medical research vulnerable to misconceptions carried into the field by technical innovations. More attention to these matters may not only prevent much dangerous confusion ...

In an effort to better determine how medical illustration has evolved overseas, contact was established with Western European and Australian medical illustrators, their professional organizations, and their schools for medical illustration. Information was gathered from returned letters and questionnaires. Data indicating the illustrator's sex, age, education, employment, job duties, techniques ...

The 1991 Israeli Mental Patients Law permits involuntary outpatient commitment (IOC) in an attempt to lessen the problem of recidivism of chronic patients who do not comply with medical treatment after discharge, relapse and are readmitted. The history of IOC in its different forms in several states in the United ...

"Will a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) decrease Mexican migration to the United States, as the U.S. and Mexican governments assert, or increase migration beyond the movement that would otherwise occur, as NAFTA critics allege? This article argues that it is easy to overestimate the additional emigration from rural ...

Eight patients with Parkinson's disease performed simple reaction time (SRT), uncued, partially and fully cued four choice (CRT) tasks. They were tested on two occasions; on their normal dose of dopaminergic medication and following withdrawal of such medication for an average of 14.4 hours. Disability as rated on the Webster ...

A variable Jacobian and weighted backprojection algorithm, used for medical CT, was adapted to perform CT reconstructions on data obtained with a dental panoramic x-ray unit. A detector array, fitted to the unit for the purpose of acquiring digital panoramic radiographs, was used to collect the data. Compensations were made ...

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has regained the interest of physicians and surgeons, including plastic surgeons, after some years of disinterest and suspicion on the part of many. Under the leadership of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, the rationale for hyperbaric oxygen treatment has been subjected to rigorous review. Interest in ...

Rapid development of land-based units in Operation Desert Shield/Storm presented critical needs for medical support. Integration of small Navy mobile medical teams in Bahrain and a larger United States Army Hospital unit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, at host nation hospitals presented an innovative method of providing this support. The success ...

As the geriatric population in the United States continues to increase relative to the general population, total joint arthroplasty has become an accepted medical tool in our medical armamentarium. Much of the perioperative milieu of the geriatric population tends to be poorly researched and minimally reported within the medical community. ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the current standing of academic units of emergency medicine in allopathic medical schools and to measure the attitudes of medical school deans toward the specialty. DESIGN: An investigator-blinded survey of the senior deans of 123 allopathic medical schools in the United States. RESULTS: Ninety-four of 123 (76%) ...

All EMS providers must work for an ambulance company, right? Wrong. There are many avenues open to EMTs and paramedics that even those involved in EMS don't know about. Take a look at three providers with unique jobs: They help provide medical care for the president and vice president of ...

A gross anatomic exploration of the nail unit was performed. The characteristic gross components of the nail unit and its relationship to the digital anatomy are described and presented in detail. Each segment of the nail unit is illustrated both photographically and with artistic illustration. It is our intention that ...

BACKGROUND: Cryosurgery is frequently used by family physicians to treat benign and premalignant epithelial disease. A professional medical team consisting of a practicing cryotherapist and a mechanical engineer independently critically evaluated the design, function, and performance of selected cryosurgical equipment. METHODS: Qualitative observations and quantitative measurements were performed on seven ...

This order amends Department of Justice regulations to increase the settlement and waiver authority delegated to heads of departments and agencies of the United States responsible for the furnishing of hospital, medical, surgical, or dental care. This change responds to the increase in medical costs since 1978, when the current ...

In the United States, an estimated 30 million persons ride horses each year (1). Total injury-related morbidity and mortality associated with horseback riding in the United States is unknown; however, during 1976-1987, 205 such fatalities occurred in 27 states (2). Even though alcohol use is a risk behavior for many ...

International law provides certain protections for medical units and their personnel during times of war. This was not always the case, but protections were gradually added and finally codified in the Geneva Conventions. The development of these protections is traced from early recorded history to modern times, and the limitations ...

Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) capensis Neumann, an ectoparasite of seabirds found circumglobally in the tropics and subtropics, has become established along the southeastern seacoast of the United States. The tick has been found feeding primarily on brown pelicans, Pelecanus occidentalis, but also has been found on the laughing gull, Larus atricilla, and ...

This article is part of a series defining the administrative, logistical, and funding issues necessary for the establishment of a medical/psychiatry unit. It emphasizes the experience of individuals who have developed such units and is offered in an attempt to prevent duplication of costly mistakes. Administrative issues, factors affecting the ...

A theory of consultation is reviewed and the practical ways in which to implement the consultation role of the pediatric CNS are discussed. A case study is presented to facilitate understanding of the role of the CNS as a consultant in medical play on a pediatric bone marrow transplant unit.

The Federal Percentages and Federal Medical Assistance Percentages for Fiscal Year 1993 have been calculated pursuant to the Social Security Act (the Act). These percentages will be effective from October 1, 1992, through September 30, 1993. This notice announces the calculated "Federal percentages" and "Federal medical assistance percentages" that we ...

Between 1973 and 1983, the number of foreign nationals from developing nations who entered the United States for graduate medical education decreased by approximately 90%. Many of those who would have studied in the United States if this decrease had not occurred would have returned home to serve their countries. ...

Data from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, a large survey designed to yield national estimates pertaining to the use of medical care, were used to compare residents of state institutions with residents of other types of residential facilities. Findings concur with past studies: Residents of state institutions were more ...

The Flexner report of 1910 resulted in the closing of many marginal medical schools and opened a new era in medical education in the United States. Caught in Abraham Flexner's net were several old schools with long histories and, as he said, "traditions and a certain present dignity" that lacked ...

Although the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States are alike in having aging populations who die primarily of deteriorative diseases, they face end-of-life dilemmas quite differently. In the United States, withholding and withdrawing of treatment are the only legally recognized means for easing dying. In Holland, voluntary active euthanasia is ...

Mechanical cardiac valvular prostheses currently enjoy a 60% to 40% market-share advantage over tissue prostheses in the United States and worldwide. Only the Starr-Edwards caged Silastic (Dow Corning) ball, Medtronic-Hall, St. Jude Medical, and Omniscience valves remain available in the United States. Although each valve has certain advantages and disadvantages, ...

Esophageal pH monitoring is the accepted standard for the investigation of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in adults. A postal questionnaire was sent to 912 United Kingdom paediatric physicians & surgeons. Five hundred forty-seven (61%) replied, with 124 (22.7%) currently using the technique, mostly in conjunction with barium swallow and/or esophagoscopy. The ...

Optimal medical care of the wounded soldier can be provided only if clinicians have appropriate supplies present in adequate quantities. At the same time, the battlefield environment requires maximum efficiency in resource utilization. Logistical support for field surgical units can be allocated more efficiently without compromising the quality of care ...

This paper describes how and why John Snow's investigation of the transmission of cholera grew into an epidemiologic classic. The evolution of the interpretation of the work of John Snow was first studied in depth in the Dutch medical literature, and thereafter traced more superficially in the bacteriologic, hygienic, and ...

Those involved in the early history of veterinary medicine in the United States of America provided valuable services and an excellent foundation for later development of the profession. Even though the farriers and cowleeches had little knowledge, and occasionally less ethics, most performed as best they could. Certainly, the medical ...

Blood Centers of California, Inc. (BCC) is a consortium of 19 independent blood centers that collectively draw approximately 800,000 units of whole blood each year. Over the past several years, a committee of BCC, composed primarily of medical and nursing directors at member institutions, developed a Uniform Donor Medical History ...

Fixed wing aircraft are the primary means of deployment for designated U.S. contingency forces. The majority of logistical constraints medical units encounter during deployment (in support of contingency forces) are a direct result of limited airframes dedicated to their movement into an area of operations. The competition is intense for ...

An update is presented on the distribution of the meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the southeastern United States. The parasite is widely distributed and common in all or much of Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. It is also common ...

Federal requirements for state Medicaid programs are surveyed, and case law regarding Medicaid funding of sex reassignment surgery is reviewed. States have attempted to exclude sex reassignment surgery (SRS) from Medicaid coverage on various bases, concluding, for example, that the procedure constituted "cosmetic surgery." Judicial scrutiny of such exclusions has ...

In several recent publications, the American Medical Association has provided explanations of the current crisis in the medical sector of the United States. This article presents empirical information that questions the basic assumptions behind the AMA's explanations of the U.S. realities and the AMA's recommendations on how to solve the ...

Strong evidence exists that flupenthixol, not presently distributed in the United States, is an effective antidepressant. Its advantages over available antidepressants include its safety with respect to overdose and in combination with other medications, low dependency risk, rapid onset of action, and availability in depot preparation. Flupenthixol also may be ...

The use of autopsy in medical practice in the United States has declined drastically over the past 25 years. Physicians conduct post-mortem examinations on less than 12 percent of persons who die in hospitals and on proportionally far fewer people who die at home. Without due assessment of causes of ...

A study was conducted of travelers' diarrhea in a United States military population on deployment in Cairo, Egypt, during July and August 1987. Acute diarrhea requiring medical attention developed in 183 (4%) of 4,500 troops. A possible etiologic agent was identified in 49% of all diarrhea cases. Enteric pathogens associated ...

An analysis of Medicaid eligibility patterns for persons with AIDS (PWAs) was conducted, based on the longitudinal Medicaid eligibility histories of 1,314 AIDS decedents in California and 6,273 AIDS decedents in New York between 1982 and 1987. The study analyzed what eligibility groups or categories and which financial standards PWAs ...

In October 1914, a new type of medical unit was added to the order of battle of the Australian Army's casualty evacuation chain. Designated the casualty clearing hospital, it was called a Casualty Clearing Station on the beach at Anzac Cove in the Gallipoli campaign. This unit was established as ...