BACKGROUND: Adherence to preventive medication is often poor, and current interventions have had limited success. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to pilot a randomised controlled trial aimed at increasing adherence to preventive medication in stroke survivors using a brief, personalised intervention. METHODS: Sixty-two stroke survivors were randomly allocated to either ...

Purpose: We compared long-term health effects induced by childhood cancer or its treatments as reported by young adult survivors and as noted in their medical records. Patients and Methods: We analyzed and compared health problems reported by 192 young adults treated for childhood cancer between 1987 and 1992 who were ...

Objective: Stimulant medication is an efficacious and first-line approach to treating ADHD in adolescence. However, less is known about the effectiveness of this approach as a treatment in real-world settings. The complicated nature of the secondary school environment and documented adolescent nonadherence with stimulant medication may undermine the exportability of ...

We report the case of a woman with posttraumatic stress disorder secondary to childhood sexual assault who attempted withdrawal from long-term use of antidepressant medication and experimented with a plethora of different therapies. The complex case history illustrates the potential difficulty of withdrawal from chronic antidepressant medication and the role ...

OBJECTIVES: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a consequence of acute medical events and has been associated with non-adherence to medications. We tested whether increased concerns about medications could explain the association between PTSD and non-adherence to medication in stroke survivors. DESIGN: We surveyed 535 participants aged 40 years or older ...

BACKGROUND: Even though medications can greatly reduce the risk of recurrent stroke, medication adherence is suboptimal in stroke survivors. OBJECTIVE: To identify key barriers to medication adherence in a predominantly low-income, minority group of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) survivors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred stroke or TIA ...

The history of treatment of childhood leukemia is a meaningful model of ethical, bioethical and organizational repercussions of medical progress. Specifically, it has provided precious indications and very useful tools to cope with several of the more important problems of modern medicine: the value of controlled randomized studies; the risks ...

Stressful childhood experiences have negative long-term health consequences. The present study examines the association between adverse childhood experiences, socioeconomic position, and risk of psychotropic medication in young adulthood. This register-based cohort study comprises the birth cohorts between 1985 and 1988 in Sweden. We followed 362 663 individuals for use of ...

Medication is the most effective treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. We used data from the 2007-2008 National Survey of Children's Health to calculate weighted estimates of parent-reported ADHD and medication treatment among US children aged 4 to 17 years, by state and sex-stratified age. ...

PURPOSE: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for late effects which may be managed pharmacologically. The purposes of this study were to estimate and compare the prevalence of psychoactive medication use of adult survivors of childhood cancer and sibling controls, identify predictors of medication use in survivors, and investigate associations ...

The Vanderbilt DNA repository, BioVU, links DNA from leftover clinical blood samples to de-identified electronic medical records (EMRs). After initiating adult sample collection, pediatric extension required consideration of ethical concerns specific to pediatrics and implementation of specialized DNA extraction methods. In the first year of pediatric sample collection, more than ...

Doctors may assess and treat torture survivors; some may document crucial evidence of torture in medico-legal reports. However, there is a lack of education on torture and related ethical and legal issues at undergraduate and postgraduate level and many doctors are not aware of opportunities to work with organisations for ...

Little is known about the neurobiological effects of psychotropic medications used in the treatment of children and adolescents diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. This review provides a synopsis of the literature demonstrating the neural effects associated with exposure to psychotropic medication in youth using multimodal neuroimaging. The article concludes by ...

BACKGROUND: Considerable knowledge about medical comorbidity in cases of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is available, still it is not well established how extensive the medical investigations should be in individual cases. The aim is to explore proportions of possible specific medical conditions in ASD. METHODS: 79 subjects went through extensive ...

Pediatric obesity is a serious medical condition associated with significant comorbidities during childhood and adulthood. Lifestyle modifications are essential for treating children with obesity, yet many have insufficient response to improve health with behavioral approaches alone. This review summarizes the relatively sparse data on pharmacotherapy for pediatric obesity and presents ...

Bulimia nervosa has many medical complications associated with the different modes of purging utilized by these patients. There also are inherent medical complications associated with chronic purging when these behaviors are abruptly discontinued. These complications experienced by a patient with bulimia nervosa when they decide to cease purging, can be ...

We systematically reviewed the literature to describe the "natural" history of medically treated temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). No population-based studies recruiting incident cases of TLE irrespective of age exist. Prospective, population-based studies were limited to those recruiting only childhood-onset TLE or those reporting TLE as a subgroup of cohorts of ...

Context: Negative role modeling is a plague medical educators fight once students enter the clinical arena. The literature is replete on the fact that students routinely encounter faculty who display attitudes and behaviors inconsistent with the values taught throughout the medical curriculum, particularly in the preclinical years. Approach: Using a ...

Cleft lips and cleft palates are among the most common of birth defects and if left untreated can lead to serious medical and concurrent speech and language problems. However, while the consequences of cleft lips and palates can be severe and long-lasting, these can be averted by medical intervention, especially ...

Although more children with cancer continue to be cured, these survivors experience various late effects. Details of the medical visit behaviors of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) in adulthood remain to be elucidated. In order to examine medical visits in the past and future of CCS, we performed a cross-sectional survey ...

The explosive growth of biomedical complexity calls for a shift in the paradigm of medical decision making-from a focus on the power of an individual brain to the collective power of systems of brains. This shift alters professional roles and requires biomedical informatics and information technology (IT) infrastructure. The authors ...

The occurrence and management of sports concussion provokes more debate and concern than virtually all other sports injuries combined. In the past 3 decades, clinicians have gone from mostly anecdotal strategies to an international consensus-based approach and the early evolution of evidence-based practice. There is increasing engagement by mainstream neuroscientists ...

Spoken question answering for clinical decision support is a potentially revolutionary technology for improving the efficiency and quality of health care delivery. This application involves many technologies currently being researched, including automatic speech recognition (ASR), information retrieval (IR), and summarization, all in the biomedical domain. In certain domains, the problem ...

The February 7th 2009 bushfires in Victoria, Australia, resulted in the deaths of 173 individuals, of whom 164 were included in the subsequent DVI operation. The final stage of the International DVI protocol is a debrief, referred to as Phase 5. The Phase 5 operational debrief process conducted in the ...

OBJECTIVE: To reflect about medical informatics as a discipline. To suggest significant future research directions with the purpose of stimulating further discussion. METHODS: Exploring and discussing important developments in medical informatics from the past and in the present by way of examples. Reflecting on the role of IMIA, the International ...

The sedative-hypnotic propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is being increasingly used for sedation during painful diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in adults and children. The purpose of this article is to present a general overview of the use of propofol for endoscopic sedation. Advantages and disadvantages of using propofol for sedation, as well as ...

Patients' experience of stereotype threat in clinical settings and encounters may be one contributor to health care disparities. Stereotype threat occurs when cues in the environment make negative stereotypes associated with an individual's group status salient, triggering physiological and psychological processes that have detrimental consequences for behavior. By recognizing and ...

OBJECTIVES: Open family planning discussions are essential, though until very recently curtailed in the U.S., yet no study has evaluated future physicians' willingness to curtail their counseling. DESIGN: Senior medical students at 16 U.S. schools (n=2316, response rate=80.3%) were surveyed on their agreement with: "I am willing to limit the ...

The medical home concept has been in existence since the late 1960s and has recently been significantly broadened to encompass comprehensive primary care for all patient populations throughout the lifespan. This article provides (1) a review of the foundations and evolution of the medical home concept; (2) an analysis of ...

Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common form of convulsive phenomena in human being and affect 2% to 14% of children. It is the most common type of seizures that every pediatrician is dealing with. It is the most benign type of all seizures occurring in childhood. There are many ...

This paper describes state-of-the-art medical visualisation and discusses the need for a research agenda that focuses on the development of the next generation of medical acquisition and visualisation tools, emphasising the fact that these tools must be based on medical user requirement and workflow studies as well as on new ...

The Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada launched the Future of Medical Education in Canada (FMEC) Project in 2007. The FMEC Project's overarching goal was to comprehensively examine the current state of undergraduate medical education, concentrating on its alignment with current and future societal needs. Like Flexner's work, the ...

The influence of current medical technology adoption decisions on the use of future potential interventions is often overlooked. Some health interventions, once exercised, restrict future potential interventions for both related and unrelated medical conditions. For example, treatment of a patient with an antibiotic may lead to resistance in that patient ...

Changes in medical construction and design are accelerating exponentially, and anyone who can anticipate where these changes are going to happen will be at an advantage. Knowing the "Megatrends" defining and driving the future of healthcare delivery and healthcare facility design will help decision makers anticipate the future.

The scope of medical student knowledge may differ by the student's future intended specialty. To determine whether medical student knowledge of and confidence with anticoagulation differed by perceived likelihood of managing anticoagulation in future practice. One hundred and twenty-three third- and fourth-year medical students (41% response rate) participated in a ...

Describe the population, Medicaid, uninsured, and otolaryngology practice demographics for seven representative rural southeastern states, and propose academic affiliated outreach clinics as a service to help meet the specialty care needs of an underserved rural population, based on the "medical mission" model employed in international outreach clinics. Needs assessment. Review ...

OBJECTIVE: The primary mission of hospital ships is to provide acute medical and surgical services to U.S. forces during military operations. Hospital ships also provide a hospital asset in support of disaster relief and humanitarian assistance (HA) operations. HA missions afford medical care to populations with vastly different sets of ...

In his plenary session entitled Five Questions on the Future, Harvard anthropologist Arthur Kleinman capitalized on the 2009 Society for Medical Anthropology Conference's theme of Medical Anthropology at the Intersections to speculate on the future of the discipline.

Historically, stratification in medical profession has followed certain patterns pertinent to the nature of the work and the organ of interest. Evolution of radiology was, however, different insofar as it followed an accidental discovery toward the end of the 19th century. The physical properties of the discovered rays were to ...

Geriatric otolaryngology is an emerging medical subspecialty developed in response to a pressing societal need. In this article, the author explains the rationale for this new subspecialty, reviews the landmark events that led to the creation of an organizational structure, celebrates the accomplishments that have been achieved thus far, and ...

The Nepal Medical Council (NMC) has been technically in operation for forty six years though in reality it is much less. The initial years were spent in establishing it. It is only in the last fifteen years or so that there has been much interest in it's functioning. The objective ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Microbial communities are involved in many processes relevant to industrial and medical biotechnology, such as the formation of biofilms, lignocellulosic degradation, and hydrogen production. The manipulation of synthetic and natural microbial communities and their underlying ecological parameters, such as fitness, evolvability, and variation, is an increasingly important area ...

Large sections of the medical community have, in the past, thought of human olfaction as a minor sense that was destined to disappear soon. This view has changed completely in the last two decades. This article will attempt to highlight the most important recent advances in our understanding of the ...

This is an "Opinion" or "Commentary" text to support the Invited Opening Plenary Lecture of the NACP2008 Conference. It is an outrageously broad title, that I have been given, and I have made selections for the focus of the lecture and for this report. I observe a research methodology in ...

BACKGROUND: Engineered organogenesis is one of the most challenging areas on the cutting edge of regenerative medicine. Growth factors can affect cell proliferation, migration and differentiation profoundly, and thus play a critical role in tissue regeneration. TGF-betas produce a wide range of effects in different cells and tissues. TGF-beta3 is ...

A fundamental dilemma that faces both neurosurgery in general and the subspecialty field of spine surgery is the question of whether those who trained in the former and now work in the latter should maintain their links with their origins and remain under the broader umbrella of neurosurgery, or whether ...

Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2007.

This article provides an overview about the recent advances in the dissection of the peroxide metabolism of Trypanosomatidae. This family of protozoan organisms comprises the medically relevant parasites Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp. Over the past 10 years, three major families of peroxidases have been identified in these ...

Taking on the role as a new medical school Dean in a new city after Hurricane Katrina posed many challenges. To facilitate turnaround, 3 principles were applied: hit the ground running, promote community involvement, and gain a common vision for the future. This article describes Tulane University's process for implementing ...

Efforts to integrate geriatric oncology principles in the training of all medical oncologists are underway.