Introduction: Weight-management options include lifestyle modifications, bariatric surgery and, until recently, limited pharmacotherapy. Phentermine and topiramate extended-release (phentermine/topiramate ER) has recently been approved in the USA for chronic weight management in obese adults and overweight adults with weight-related co-morbidities in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Areas ...

Aggression is a major clinical problem that spans multiple medical and psychiatric diagnoses. The etiology of aggression is complex, comprising social, psychological, and biological factors. Treatment of aggression is equally heterogeneous with structural (environmental), behavioral, and pharmacologic approaches. Among medications, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are usually considered first line. Antidepressants ...

Background. Developing interventions to improve medication adherence may depend upon discovery of novel behavioral risk factors for nonadherence. Objective. Explore the effects of emotional response (ER) on adherence to antihypertensive medication and on systolic blood pressure (SBP) improvement. Design. We studied 101 adults with diabetes and hypertension. The primary outcome, ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of medical student's voluntary internship at the Emergency Room of the Workers Hospital (ER-HT) in the choice of medical specialty and its importance during graduation. METHODS: A questionnaire was given to doctors and medical students that performed internships at ER-HT for e" 500 hours, from ...

We describe the development and implementation of an office-based emergencies course for podiatric medical students. The program included a didactic session along with clinical skills stations incorporating task trainers, high-fidelity simulators, and a standardized patient. We tailored the course to the level of the junior podiatric medical student. The primary ...

Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains one of the most challenging medical diseases in the emergency department. PE is a potentially life threatening diagnosis that is seen in patients with chest pain and/or dyspnea but can span the clinical spectrum of medical presentations. In addition, it does not have any particular clinical ...

AIMS: To investigate the effect of a range of demographic and psychosocial variables on medication adherence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients managed in a secondary care setting. METHODS: A total of 173 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COPD, recruited from an outpatient clinic in Northern Ireland, participated ...

Article Title: Pulmonary Function and Left Ventricular Mass in African Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (Echocardiography 2012;29:130).

BACKGROUND: To better understand how medications have been used and the complexity of regimens used to treat patients, we characterized patterns of medication use and the degree to which patients used different classes of medications in combination and over time in a cohort of newly diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...

The aim of rhinosinusitis treatment is to restore sinusal eutrophism and to normalize ventilation and mucociliary transport. Frequently the improvement of sinusal physiological conditions is associated with a reduction of infections and pulmonary symptoms. The treatment of these diseases often requires the combination of medical and surgical strategies. In particular, ...

To investigate the patient's experience of the trajectory to receiving a diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and inform the provision of care for this patient group. Qualitative study using in-depth one-to-one interviews and pictorial representations. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants were interviewed in their own homes across ...

Purpose: To review barriers to the successful use of inhalers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the role of the nurse practitioner (NP) in facilitating optimum inhaler use. Data sources: Review of the national and international scientific literature. Conclusions: Pharmacologic treatment of COPD patients comprises mainly inhaled ...

Benzodiazepines (antianxiety medications) and quetiapine (an antipsychotic medication) are subject to abuse in prison. Quetiapine is also expensive and has serious side effects. The prescription of these medications in prison for anxiety and insomnia is not the preferred choice. In order to reduce these prescriptions, the University of Medicine and ...

This article considers Shakespeare's metaphors of transmission, contagion and infection in the light of period plague tracts, medical treatises and plague time literature. The author demonstrates how period conceptions of disease are predicated upon a notion of sympathetic transference and, consequently, how kindness, likeness and communication between characters in Shakespearean ...

Combat zones can be very stressful for those in the area. Even in the battlefield, military medical personnel are expected to save others, while also staying alive. In this study, half of a sample of deployed military medical warriors (total n = 60) participated in technology-assisted relaxation training. Learning relaxation ...

Delivering therapeutic compounds via the lungs presents potential advantages relative to other routes of administration. Depending on the compound and the disease state, these advantages may include: non-invasive medication delivery, ease of administration, higher bioavailability leading to dose sparing and lower systemic toxicity, potentially greater blood-brain barrier penetration and rapid ...

OBJECTIVE: No previous studies have empirically demonstrated a multiplicative interactive effect of anxiety disorders and/or depression (ADD) and chronic medical conditions on quality of life (QOL). We hypothesized that QOL impairment was worsened by the presence of ADD and medical co-morbidity, more than when it was with either medical co-morbidity ...

Assessment of the personalities of medical students could enable medical educators to formulate strategies for the best development of academic and clinical competencies. In this article, we focus on the experience of students in the anatomy dissecting room. While there have been many attempts to evaluate the emotional responses of ...

The current study assessed efficacy of combined cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and venlafaxine XR compared to venlafaxine XR alone in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) within settings where medication is typically offered as the treatment for this disorder. Patients with DSM-IV-diagnosed GAD who were recently enrolled in a ...

Doubts, competitiveness and preparation for the residency examination increase stress and insecurity at the end of medical course. Well-being is very important at this point, but it is known that medical students are reluctant to seek help, particularly for emotional problems. This study investigated the relationship among well-being, perceived needs ...

The objective of this study was to estimate the lifetime prevalence of diversion (i.e., trading, selling, giving away or loaning) of four classes of controlled medications (pain, stimulant, anti-anxiety, and sleeping) among adolescents, and to identify demographic and behavioral characteristics of adolescents who divert their own controlled medications. A web-based ...

Communication research has been hindered by a lack of validated measures for Latino populations. To develop and validate a foreign language anxiety in a medical office scale (the Foreign Language Anxiety in a Medical Office Scale [FLAMOS]), the authors conducted a survey of low income, primarily Spanish-speaking Latinos (N = 100). The ...

This report introduces and discusses the present state of the helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) in the metropolitan area of South Korea. The data of patients transported by HEMS from April 2007 to June 2009 were provided by Seoul Metropolitan Fire and Disaster Management Department. The data of patients subsequently ...

A growing body of evidence supports the intranasal administration of atomized medications for a wide variety of pediatric indications. This article describes their use applicable to orthopedic specialists in the areas of pediatric pain management, as well as pre- and intraoperative sedation. As a quick, painless alternative to more invasive ...

The statutory language of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) affords antidiscrimination protection to persons who have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities. The ADA comprises two major aspects: (1) whether one has a disability that qualifies for protection, and ...

Medical Education 2011: 45: 422-430 Context  Despite frequent complaints that biomedical knowledge is quickly forgotten after it has been learned, few investigations of actual long-term retention of basic science knowledge have been conducted in the medical domain. Objectives  Our aim was to illuminate the long-term retention of basic science knowledge, ...

Despite the proliferation of journals and the demanding responsibilities of an editorship, there are very few clearly delineated standards for editorial education. The editor of a medical journal has a challenging role. He or she must deal with scientific decisions and appraisals that require skill in both writing and critical ...

This study focuses on estimating knowledge of zoonoses among medical students and recent graduates, with an aim of understanding critical gaps in medical education with respect to zoonoses. A semi-structured tool for knowledge assessment, having nine principal domains of knowledge and five domains of practice, was developed and validated. Using ...

To help address the clinical care gap, a working group discussed the future of faculty development in academic medicine, explored problems within the large, current enterprise devoted to continuing medical education (CME), and described four domains core to its revitalization and reformation. These domains are (1) preparing and supporting an ...

Competency frameworks based on roles definitions are currently being used extensively in health professions education internationally. One of the most successful and widely used models is the CanMEDS Roles Framework. The medical literature has raised questions about both the theoretical underpinnings and the practical application of outcomes-based frameworks, however little ...

Important differences exist in advance directives. Only some grant access to another person's medical records, and that can change with time.

A scientific ontology is a formal representation of knowledge within a domain, typically including central concepts, their properties, and relations. With the rise of computers and high-throughput data collection, ontologies have become essential to data mining and sharing across communities in the biomedical sciences. Powerful approaches exist for testing the ...

An introduction to the discipline of pharmacology is a standard part of the scientific foundation of medical school curricula. Neuroimmune pharmacology is a new subtopic that integrates fundamental concepts of neuroscience, immunology, infectious disease, and pharmacology. The integration of these areas is important to medical training in view of the ...

Objective: Emergency department (ED) intubation personnel and practices have changed dramatically in recent decades, but have been described only in single-center studies. We sought to better describe ED intubations by using a multi-center registry. Methods: We established a multi-center registry and initiated surveillance of a longitudinal, prospective convenience sample of ...

Cardiac arrest remains one of the most common causes of death in developed countries. Those who survive may have significant neurologic morbidity. In the current decade, therapeutic medical hypothermia (TMH) has emerged as the only treatment that unequivocally improves neurologic outcomes in post ventricular fibrillation / ventricular tachycardia induced cardiac ...

The Workshop on Medical Preparedness for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) events: national scan was held on 20 and 21 May 2010 at the Diefenbunker Museum in Ottawa, Canada. The purpose of the workshop was to provide the CBRNE Research and Technology Initiative with a Canadian national profile ...

Each year, close to 2 billion passengers travel on commercial airlines. In-flight medical events result in suboptimal care due to a variety of factors. Flight diversions due to medical emergencies carry a significant financial and legal cost. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of in-flight medical ...

The Portuguese Journal of Pulmonology is progressively achieving an important status in Portuguese medical literature. The present editors thought it would be an enriching task to revise the main topics published during 2009. The invited members of the Editorial Board covered and commented the most relevant articles and gave us ...

The purpose of the study was to determine whether earlier clinical intervention by a medical emergency team (MET) can improve patient outcomes in an Asian country. A nonrandomized study was performed during two 6-month periods before and after the introduction of a MET. The rates of cardiac arrests and "potentially ...

Acute allergic reactions often occur in out-of-hospital settings, and some of these reactions may cause death in the short term. However, initial diagnosis, management and processing of acute allergic reactions by Medical Emergency Dispatch Centres are not documented. The aim of the present study was to describe acute allergic reactions ...

Medical response to a radiological emergency involves first assessing, triaging and treating trauma, followed by determining potential hazard from radiological intake. A combined hardware-software strategy is required for this mission. The hardware strategy should consist of a dedicated detector suite capable of alpha, beta and gamma radiation detection, identification and ...

Efforts to date have been unable to reverse the trend of increased emergency department utilization. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement has developed a framework for reducing avoidable emergency department visits on the basis of the formation of local coalitions. These coalitions include interested partners approaching improvement by integrating community resources ...

This is the official position statement of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Officials on medical direction for operational emergency medical services (EMS) programs.

Traumatic injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, but these can be minimized by timely transport to definite care. Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) provide timely transport and can influence survival. However, accident analyses indicate that landing at an unsecured landing zone (LZ), particularly at night, increases the ...

Pediatric emergency physicians use various techniques and medications when performing procedural sedation and analgesia. The goals of our study were to assess US pediatric emergency medicine subspecialists and fellows (PEMSSFs) for individual practice variation and to evaluate (1) the use of supplemental oxygen and capnography monitoring and (2) adverse sedation ...

This is the official position statement of the National Association of EMS Physicians on the role of emergency medical services (EMS) in disaster response.

The 2009 Victorian Bushfires Disaster started on a record hot day in February 2009 and resulted in over 300 separate fires with a death toll of 173 and over 400 presentations to hospital emergency departments. This occurred a little over a week after a heat wave in which over 400 ...

On Tuesday, January 12, 2010 at 16:53 local time, a magnitude 7.0 M(w) earthquake struck Haiti. The global humanitarian attempt to respond was swift, but poor infrastructure and emergency preparedness limited many efforts. Rapid, successful deployment of emergency medical care teams was accomplished by organizations with experience in mass disaster ...

Background At 14:48 on 12 May 2008 an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area of Sichuan province, China. A decision to offer/receive UK medical assistance was agreed at a Sino/British political level and a medical team was despatched to the earthquake area. Methods This study describes the team's ...

Billy Tyne sailed ill-equipped directly into a "perfect storm" at the cost of his boat, his crew, and his life. As a profession, we must not allow our own hubris to ignore the challenges that we are now facing: increasingly complex medical histories, more patients desiring sedation treatment, and more ...