This study examined empathy and reciprocity as explanations for why people comply with requests for help. Participants (35 male and 62 female) imagined being asked for money by a person who had locked keys in a car and then reported how likely they would he to comply with such a ...

OBJECTIVES: Several states, including California, have implemented large cigarette excise tax increases, which may encourage smokers to purchase their cigarettes in other lower taxed states, or from other lower or non-taxed sources. Such tax evasion thwarts tobacco control objectives and may cost the state substantial tax revenues. Thus, this study ...

Elapids, viperids, and some other groups of colubroid snakes have tubular fangs for the conduction of venom into their prey. The literature describing the development of venom-conducting fangs provides two contradictory accounts of fang development. Some studies claim that the venom canal forms by the infolding of a deep groove ...

BACKGROUND: Board certification is often used as a surrogate indicator of provider competence, although few outcome studies have demonstrated its validity. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients who underwent surgical procedures under the care of an anesthesiologist with or without board certification. METHODS: Medicare ...

The RespiCon is a multistage virtual impactor that can be used as either a personal or an area sampler. Particles collected on the first stage of the RespiCon represent the respirable fraction of airborne particulate matter. Particles collected on the first and second stages represent the thoracic fraction, and particles ...

Psychiatric examinations in official institutions of the Brazilian government include examinations of individual convicts--some of whom are highly dangerous--carried out by court decision. These individuals are taken handcuffed under police escort from penitentiaries to the examination site. In most Brazilian states, medical examiners or experts adopt the basic procedure of ...

Eighty-one Californian sea lions (Zalophus californianus) with signs of domoic acid toxicity stranded along the coast of California in 1998 when there were blooms of the domoic acid-producing alga Pseudonitzschia australis off-shore. In 2000, a further 184 sea lions stranded with similar clinical signs, but the strandings occurred both during ...

In planning for the medical needs of our growing population of older adults, it has been assumed that modern pharmacology of common geriatric conditions includes strategies not considered in previous decades. However, examination of the 1899 edition of the Merck Manual demonstrates that many important contributors to geriatric disability had ...

The Japan Society of Blood Transfusion (JSBT) organized a Board for certification of medical doctors in Transfusion Medicine (Board certified medical doctors by the JSBT) and a Board for certification of medical technologists for transfusion medicine (qualified medical technologists in Transfusion Medicine). For certified medical doctors the JSBT co-ordinated with ...

On the basis of the judgements of the Court of First Instance, and of the Court of Appeal, (Michael Alexander Watson versus British Board of Control Limited) the causation aspects of two sequential acute subdural haematomas sustained by a boxer, are critically examined. The beneficial effects in this case of ...

In this paper an attempt has been made to emphasize certain facts pertinent to countries in which the legal definition of sexual crimes includes consented heterosexual relations between unmarried adults (fornication). Relevant Articles of one such statute, namely the Libyan penal code, have been cited and discussed. Within that legal ...

Physicians' concerns about regulatory scrutiny and the possibility of unwarranted investigation by regulatory agencies negatively affect their prescribing of opioid analgesics to treat pain. Indeed, some state medical boards have rejected prescribing practices that are considered acceptable by today's standards. This article describes a ten-year program of research, education, and ...

Allelopathic effect ofAvena fatua L., Cyperus rotundus L., Polygonum hydropiper L., and Solanum nigrum L. were examined on seedling growth of certain commonly used varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Tarai region of U.P. state. The weed extracts inhibited the length of plumule in all the varieties (100%) ...

PURPOSE: The concordance of strabismic phenotypes was examined in monozygotic versus multizygotic twins and other multiple births to study the role of genetic background in different types of commitant strabismus. METHODS: Medical charts of 45 consecutive pairs of twins (16 monozygotic and 18 dizygotic twins, and 11 with unknown zygosity), ...

Medical and surgical specialty boards are constantly striving to insure that those seeking certification in their specialty are adequately trained and sufficiently evaluated to guarantee the highest quality of patient care. One traditional component of the evaluation process, the oral examination, has been discontinued by some specialty boards but is ...

Using administrative and survey data, we estimate participation rates in Transitional Medical Assistance (TMA) for the period 1993-97 by California welfare leavers during their first six months post-welfare. We find that although many welfare leavers were eligible for TMA (35% to 47% of exiters), only 26% of eligible people were ...

Studies have repeatedly found much geographic variation in use of surgical and diagnostic procedures. This study of the variability of medication use for specific conditions in eleven California regions finds surprisingly few differences among regions. The difference between the highest- and lowest-use areas was far less than we anticipated and ...

Prescribing prescription-only medications solely on the basis of a questionnaire filled out on an internet site is merely an updated version of "diagnosis by mail" and has been condemned by all respectable authorities for over 100 years. The Wisconsin Medical Examining Board has disciplined 1 physician for the practice, and ...

Having a haptic virtual environment for tele-echography will enable the medical expert with faster adaptation and especially facilitated immersion in what we could call a "virtual echographic examination cabinet". The innovation of this haptic control is to preserve medical expert proprioception and gesture feelings, which provide the users with indications ...

We investigated how dopamine (DA) systems contribute to cognitive performance in the domain of learning and attentional flexibility by examining effects of withdrawing DA-ergic medication in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Medication remediated impairments in switching between two tasks, thought to depend on circuitry connecting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ...

As part of a public health response to severe heat waves in the midwestern and northeastern United States in the summer of 1999, the authors actively solicited the number of heat-related deaths from 38 medical examiner and coroner jurisdictions comprising 35 metropolitan areas to enumerate heat-related deaths in areas affected ...

The jugular foramen varies in size and shape. Because of the variations and the surrounding structures, successful surgery is difficult in this region. For this reason, numerous studies have investigate the detailed anatomy of the foramen. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the possible local variations of ...

Medical licensing boards and clinical societies encourage (and most boards require) physicians to report colleagues reasonably suspected of not practicing safely and competently. Failure to report unsafe, incompetent, or illegally acting clinicians can seriously damage patients, the profession, and the doctor himself/herself. Good-faith reporting is generally protected from lawsuit.

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has a medical examiner system, in which all cadavers classified as "unusual death" in the city of Tokyo should be examined, and if necessary, autopsied to determine the cause of death. Of about 10,000 unusual deaths examined per year, two thirds are usually determined to have ...

When observers face directly toward the incline of a hill, their awareness of the slant of the hill is greatly overestimated, but motoric estimates are much more accurate. The present study examined whether similar results would be found when observers were allowed to view the side of a hill. Observers ...

Medical licensing boards and clinical societies encourage (and most boards require) physicians to report colleagues reasonably suspected of not practicing safely and competently. Failure to report unsafe, incompetent, or illegally acting clinicians can seriously damage patients, the profession, and the doctor himself/herself. Good-faith reporting is generally protected from law-suit. This ...

At its March 2001 meeting, the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure adopted guidelines relating to physicians accepting gifts from industry, as well as guidelines for the use of controlled substances for the treatment of chronic pain. These guidelines were presented in a report to the KMA Board of Trustees during ...

This paper illustrates the need for proper medical examination of subjects or candidates registering or entering into new vocations particularly in the armed and paramilitary forces. Sixty army recruits who presented for medical examination at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital were studied. The study showed that nineteen (31.6%) of ...

As we enter the third millennium, there are in the United States 24 medical specialties recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties. The majority of the members of each of these specialties have their education, training, and knowledge "certified" by an examining board unique to their specialty. One hundred ...

BACKGROUND: In contrast to Britain, there has been very little debate about the constitution of medical boards in Australia. While the policy of the British Medical Association is that there should be an elected medical majority on the General Medical Council, state medical boards in Australia are mostly or entirely ...

The 2000 findings of Jones, Mace, and Williams have been re-examined by Lane in the light of a recent conceptual model outlining the relationship between mood and performance. In addition, Lane outlined some concerns regarding the methodology of Jones, et al. The present paper aims to justify the methodology used ...

When performing medical screening examinations (MSEs), nonphysicians must follow strict protocols and work under the supervision of the ED physician. Numerous EMTALA violations have involved failure to follow protocols and comply with scope of practice. Protocols must address at what times a physician is required to be called. Individuals performing ...

A prospective collection and analysis of examination marks for three consecutive academic years was undertaken to determine the correlation between the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and various other components of medical students' examination, and also to examine how discriminatory the OSCE examination is in the assessment of clinical competence. ...

Omphalomesenteric duct remnants (ODR) including Meckel diverticula often present with symptoms of bowel obstruction. Their histologic features are varied and include heterotopic gastrointestinal mucosa and/or pancreatic tissue within the wall. Abnormalities of the submucosal plexus of Meissner, however, have not been documented in the literature. Thus, we have examined a ...

The increase in the number of manufacturers of 125I sources used in prostate brachytherapy has generated many questions in the radiation oncology community. In this investigation, the physical and dosimetric characteristics were evaluated for the following sources listed by marketing company and source model: Nycomed-Amersham 6711 (OncoSeed), Nycomed-Amersham 6702, Mentor ...

Although social scientists have taken up the study of medication use in both developing and developed nations, the medication practices of immigrants remain largely unstudied. In this study, qualitative research was employed in order to describe and compare self-medication practices in two California Mexican immigrant groups: families living along the ...

The holding environment is explored in the context of the analytic dyad, where it is seen as rooted in the patient's need to be experientially known through the intersubjective interaction. In examining previous emphasis on holding as an optimally attuned empathic environment provided by the analyst, a broadened view of ...

SETTING: A survey based on biennial medical examinations for civil servants, including school teachers. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) for the general population from a sample survey, and to compare it with the previous results from 1988-1990. DESIGN: A retrospective follow-up study which started in April ...

Physicians report that concern about regulatory investigation negatively influences their prescribing of opioid analgesics. The views of medical regulators about the legality of prescribing controlled substances for pain management were studied in 1991. However, little is known about whether these views have changed in light of increased emphasis on pain ...

Retrograde ejaculation was diagnosed in a 10-year-old Arabian stallion. Despite behavioral signs consistent with ejaculation, the collection receptacle of an artificial vagina remained devoid of semen on numerous occasions. Catheterization of the urinary bladder yielded large numbers of spermatozoa, even when an ejaculate was obtained, whereas low numbers (< 1 ...

The concept of moist wound healing, which is facilitated by the application of occlusive dressings, dates back to 1615 BC, and the technique is currently supported by a relatively large volume of data. It is clear that occlusive dressings are in many cases associated with more rapid reepithelialization, a reduced ...

Serum samples from captive 156 elephants (Elephus maximus indicus) from Thailand were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using the modified agglutination test (MAT) and the latex agglutination test (LAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 45.5% of 156 elephants by MAT (> or = 1:50) and 25.6% of ...

The state of New Jersey has more than 200,000 employees in merit system jobs, who are covered by the Department of Personnel's formal hiring mechanism, including a medical examination and appeals process in which physicians play an important role. The State Medical Examiners Panel provides an innovative and practical approach ...

Medical books figured prominently on lists of scientific books censured or expurgated by ecclesiastic authorities in the second half of the sixteenth century. A systematic examination of this censorship is still wanting. The following study, which describes and explains the mechanism of expurgation of centuria iv in Amatus Lusitanus's description ...

We obtained detailed quantitative and interview data from Aetna U.S. Healthcare and six physician organizations to examine changes between 1998 and 2000 in the scope of capitation contracting and delegation of responsibility for claims payment and medical management in New York and California. The physician organizations in New York included ...

This paper reviews medical activity provided from 1996 to 2000 by the International Radio Medical Centre (Centro Internazionale Radio Medico, C.I.R.M.). C.I.R.M. is a non-profit organization headquartered in Rome and providing freely telemedical advice to ships flying of any flag navigating on all seas of the world, to civil airplanes ...

Osteopathic and allopathic physicians receive authority to practice medicine through the licensing boards of the states in which they practice. Each state has the responsibility to operate a licensing board for physicians and other medical professionals. These boards choose which examinations are acceptable to establish that a physician is licensable ...

The hands of medical personnel are the chief vectors for transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and probably serve as an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes in hospitals. In this survey we examined different reservoirs of the methicillin resistance gene, mecA, using a simplified PCR method. Samples (n = 151) were ...

Practical oral examinations are considered an important and often a difficult part of medical school examinations. They represent an accurate and direct mean of assessing student's interaction with patients and their clinical and technical skills. This paper reviews an outline for the administration of oral examinations. The review is based ...

This document updates and simplifies the medical examination form that is currently used to determine the physical qualification of commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers operating in interstate commerce. The FMCSA takes this action in response to numerous requests from medical examiners to update and simplify the medical examination form that ...