Elaborate health programmes have always been an important feature of national development plans in Nigeria, especially since independence in 1960. The aspect of the programmes that is examined in this paper is the geographical distribution of medical facilities. The policy objectives in this regard have been to improve access to ...

An arthroscopic examination of 59 canine stifle joints, both normal and diseased, was carried out. Endoscopically the stifle joint was divided into five main anatomical compartments - the suprapatellar pouch, femoropatellar joint, medical compartment, intercondylar notch and the lateral compartment. It was possible to identify all the intra-articular structures using ...

Colposcopy, a method of more detailed examination of the cervix, widely used in the world but the application of this technique to forensic examinations is not. This presentation offers the benefits of the use of colposcopy in the examination of sexual assaults on women in a city in Brazil by ...

For the rational treatment of sinusitis, it is essential to distinguish sinusitis of bacterial origin from that of other etiologies. In maxillary sinusitis, antral purulence indicates a significant amount of pathogenic bacteria, whereas the presence of bacteria seems to be of less or no relevance in nonpurulent sinusitis. Hence, from ...

Board certification is a universal ambition among graduates of American medical schools. It is a measure of postgraduate achievement and clinical ability that leads to staff appointments, promotions, clinical privileges, increased fees, and reduced malpractice premiums. The number of physicians receiving specialty-board diplomas each year has increased remarkably over the ...

Byssinosis first became compensatable in Great Britain in May 1941. The claimants were examined by a specially constituted board consisting of chest physicians and medical specialists from the Manchester area. Following the Industrial Injuries Act of 1946, which became operative in July 1948, the examinations were taken over by the ...

A review is provided of the organization and functions of the New York State Mental Hygiene Medical Review Board and the first 4 years of its investigative activities into sudden, unexpected, mysterious, or unnatural deaths among mental patients. In 4 years 384 such deaths have been investigated, among which natural ...

In a retrospective study carried out in Chittagong Medical College the results of HSC and First-Professional MBBS examination of 725 students were analysed. It was concluded from the analysis that if standard of HSC examination is well maintained the results of the said examination correlates well with students' performance in ...

The Oral Board Examinations given by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) are indispensable in assessing interpersonal competence. While unavoidably stressful to all involved, only through live patient interviews can we attempt to understand psychiatrists' feelings for their fellow human beings, their capacity for rapport, their competent handling ...

The primary purpose of pre-placement back x-ray screening is to reduce the incidence of low back problems. This study was designed to address the specific question of whether or not this objective is achieved, without directly looking at the predictive value of radiological abnormalities of the lumbar spine. Two retrospective ...

We began using the fiberoptic bronchoscope March 1, 1971, and after more than 2,800 examinations are convinced it is a highly useful diagnostic tool. We pass the open-end straight bonchoscope into the upper trachea under local anesthesia. Then, the fiberoptic bronchoscope is passed through this conduit. The advantages of the ...

Faults commonly seen in papers on medical education in general and examination techniques in particular include: (a) Inadequate replication and neglect of the novelty effect on the results of experiments, (b) excessive reliance on internal analysis in assessing examination techniques, without seeking external evidence that the right candidates are being ...

One hundred spine-injured patients have been visited at their homes, examined and questioned about their medical and social situation. The medical conditions have improved, compared with a former similar check-up. But the tendency to work has decreased and is lagging behind other countries. Possible reasons are pointed out.

The authors review the guidelines of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) for recertification and the approaches of various medical specialty boards, including internal medicine, pathology, and family practice, toward implementing periodic recertification. At a time when psychiatry has an increasingly close alliance with the other medical specialties, it ...

This Directive establishes the Department of Defense Medical Facility Acquisition and Maintenance Board (DoDMFAMB) with the responsibilities, functions, and organization as outlined below.

The effects of nalorphine were examined under a shock titration procedure in which squirrel monkeys received shock during 15-s period. If the monkey did not make five responses during the 15-s shock period, the shock was increased by one increment and maintained for another 15-s period. If five responses were ...

The objectives of treating asthma are to control symptoms by a minimum of medication, and to prevent severe attacks in the future. However, before these can be achieved the presence of asthma must be recognized, its severity determined, and the individual triggering factors identified. Full assessment is simple and practical: ...

Although long essay questions have been shown generally to have a low inter-examiner reliability, they are still much used in undergraduate medical examinations, evidently because examiners feel that essays have greater inherent validity than some of the modern 'objective' techniques such as multiple choice questions (MCQs). Evidence exists in the ...

Torture is being increasingly reported. Canada provides a refuge for some of the victims. The medical evidence may be sufficient to give an applicant refugee status. Protocols are presented for the use of physicians in examining applicants for refugee status, and a series of cases is reported in which these ...

No analysis of Canadian certification examinations in psychiatry has previously been published although analyses of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and the British Membership examinations are available. Because candidates, directors of residency training, mental health planners and consumers are all interested in who passes and who fails the ...

Eleven behaviourally abnormal XYY males who had been treated in a structured combined programme of antiandrogen medication and counseling were followed up 1 year after cessation of the programme. Behavioural ratings were made in each of 5 categories: assault against people, destructiveness against things, threatening behaviour, stealing, and self-harming. On ...

The present study examined alternative measures of absence proneness related to organizationally-defined measures of absenteeism. A typical distinction among various types of absences is to separate medically-related absences from other types, since medically-related absences are believed to reflect random or unsystematic causes of behavior rather than voluntary choice behavior of ...

In a serologic survey for Toxoplasma gondii in 891 swine from 20 California counties, 478 (54%) were seronegative, 153 (17%) were nonspecific reactors, and 260 (29%) were seropositive. Most of the titers (81%) were low, ie, from 1:64 to 1:128, but a few (2%) were high, ie, 1:1024 or greater.

The use of drafting film in creating pen and ink medical illustrations is generally superior to scratch board. Effects of scratch board may be duplicated with drafting film. In addition, the cost per page is lower, transfer time is saved, and the film is completely erasable without damage to the ...

To describe more explicitly the components of competence required of the internist, The American Board of Internal Medicine has analyzed the medical encounter and defined the major variables involved: the abilities required of the internist, the tasks that must be performed to solve a medical problem, the medical illness, and ...

The present study describes a model of multifocal septic choroiditis with serous retinal detachment after intracarotid injection of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus faecalis. The fundus lesions occurred mainly in the tapetal area and, on ophthalmoscopic examination, were more extensive after S. aureus than after S. faecalis injection. On histopathologic examination ...

Alumni from the 1965-1974 psychiatric residency classes at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center were surveyed about their individual practices regarding physical examinations. Ninety-eight of 155 alumni returned the anonymous questionnaire. None of the respondents routinely performed physical examinations on new outpatients. The 61% who had inpatient ...

Three Pharaonic mummies, preserved for thousand of years, had fiberoptic endoscopy carried out of the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities. The aim of the study was to gather medical data and ascertain the extent of damage of these mummies before undertaking restoration procedues. The endoscopic examinations revealed some valuable data ...

This paper describes the physical examination program started in March 1974 and carried out by the Anacostia Headstart Program in Washington DC. Annual totals of 362, 274, and 458 preschool children were examined in 16 schools during the 1973-1974, 1974-1975, and 1975-1976 school years, respectively. For these years, 8, 9, ...

Risk indicators for asbestos-related diseases (cancers of the lung, larynx, and alimentary tract; mesothelioma; and asbestosis) and methods of early detection are reviewed and evaluated. The best medical means of reducing mortality from these diseases is to recognize particularly susceptible persons during a preemployment examination and to recommend that they ...

This vignette recites significant steps leading to the formation of the AAPM and transpiring in the developments of the first decade, approximately. Persons involved, dates, and places are recognized. A table summarizes the progression of events. This recitation ends with the term of Kereiakes, the last President to be elected ...

A 14-year-old girl had a four-month history of a painless, enlarging mass in the right upper eyelid. Histopathologic examination revealed the cystic mass to be Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of Taenia solium. This patient had been in Vietnam and Laos several years previously and, while there, developed a flu-like ...

The accuracy of suicide statistics was assessed by comparing published Health Department suicide rates for an area of New York City with Medical Examiner records. For the period 1968--1979, records from the Medical Examiner's Office were searched to determine all deaths classified as definite suicides. Another group of deaths was ...

Myelography with meglumine iocarmate, a dilute meglumine iocarmate solution, or gas was performed in macaque monkeys. Twelve weeks later the animals were examined myelographically and histologically for evidence of arachnoiditis. Arachnoiditis in the animals treated with dilute meglumine iocarmate and gas was significantly less than in those treated with meglumine ...

Five suture materials, chromic catgut, braided silk, Prolene, Teflon coated braided Dacron and Dexon have been examined morphologically for their effect on the submucosal collagen structure of the large intestine. The rougher surfaced materials, such as catgut, braided silk and Dexon, cause considerable damage to the submucosa on either side ...

The School Readiness medical examination is probably the single most important examination a child has outside of the infancy period. This examination helps to determine whether or not the child is physically, emotionally and intellectually ready to handle a more structured, academic environment. The physician should devote enough time and ...

In an effort to improve vascular prostheses, basic studies on tissue-alloplastic prostheses according to a new conception were performed. A medical polyester yarn was used for the construction of three types of prostheses with different mesh and high porosity. The prostheses were autogenized on silicon rods and then lyophilized, resulting ...

Tympanometry is often used as a major component of medical referral criteria in both diagnostic audiometry and hearing screening programs. This use is based on an assumption that a relationship exists between the tympanogram type and the presence of middle ear effusion. The present investigation examined this relationship in 142 ...

Upon the establishment of a positive relationship between occupational exposure to VCM and angiosarcoma of the liver, strict precautionary measures for the protection of VCM exposed employees in the Abadan Petrochemical Company have been instituted. All such workers have been required to have pre-employment and annual medical examinations with emphasis ...

Results of over 800 medical surveillance ocular examinations on microwave and laser workers were evaluated using multiple regression analysis techniques. No lenticular or retinal defects were noted that could be attributed to work with either microwave or laser radiation. Increased incidences of minute lenticular defects were noted with increasing age. ...

An epidemiological study was conducted to determine the geographical variations in stroke mortality among three U.S. areas. They were Savannah, Georgia (high stroke rates), Hagerstown, Maryland (intermediate stroke rates) and Pueblo, Colorado (low stroke rates). In each area samples were drawn of the population in the 35--54 age group. The ...

The American specialty board system is viewed in the historical perspective of a quest for quality assessment of surgical trainees. Beginning with the American Board for Ophthalmic Examinations in 1916, a system of 22 boards has developed which, by their training requirements and examinations, essentially dictate the length and content ...

A test in Internal Medicine of the American National Board of Medical Examiners was given to Swiss medical students as a graduating examination. This study dealing with the feasibility of such an enterprise describes the technical procedures and investigates the problems of translation and the validity of foreign made items. ...

The United States of America and the Soviet Union formalized an agreement in 1973 wherein periodic exchanges of information in civil aviation take place. During the period Aug. 21-Sept. 9, 1976, the author and an associate visited the Soviet Union as part of the exchange agreement. During the visit, the ...

Complex multiple choice (CMC) items, a type of multiple choice item used extensively in the health sciences, were compared with multiple response (MR) and multiple true-false (MTF) items. The results indicated MTF to be easier, more reliable and more valid than CMC items; therefore, test-makers such as the National Board ...

The purities of seven tetrazolium salts, obtained from various commercial sources, have been assessed by thin layer chromatography, relative extinction coefficients, and melting points. MTT and INT were largely homogeneous on thin layer chromatography, although significant variations occurred in the melting point behaviour. All the samples of TT examined were ...

In general, the examination of alleged sexual offences is a combination of perception and experience in history taking and observation, of clinical skill in examination and of meticulous retention of material for forensic science examination. It is not a task to be undertaken lightly, especially as the doctor's actions and ...

A Durham sampler was used to study atmospheric pollen in Tehran, 1974-75. More than 18 different pollens were identified and counted. Tree pollens were present from the first week of February to the second week of October. Grass pollens were seen from the first week of May to the middle ...

Wright-stained throat smears from 174 outpatients with a chief complaint of sore throat were examined. In the presence of tonsillar and/or pharyngeal exudate, cervical lymphadenitis, temperature greater than or equal to 24 less than or equal to 72h, examination of the throat smears would have doubled the accuracy of differentiating ...

The process by which an individual is finally recognised as a physician and licensed to practice medicine is long and complicated. The physician who chooses to specialise pursues additional study and after successfully completing both written and oral examinations may be certified by a 'specialty board'. Such certification is looked ...