This article details the activities of the Chinese Medical Centres at Bath and Manchester, UK, both of which were set up by Sino-European Clinics Ltd (SEC) to promote traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a rational body of knowledge in the West. Both Centres are staffed by highly trained Chinese consultants ...

Some physicians think the current squeeze facing postgraduate medical education was caused by cuts in the number of residency positions. The authors consulted the Canadian Post-MD Education Registry database to determine the actual state of postgraduate training opportunities and to correct erroneous views that may be affecting the debate over ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of advanced trauma life support (ATLS) training for medical staff in a major incident situation, based upon performance in a simulated exercise. METHODS: A major incident exercise was used to assess the management of trauma victims arriving in hospital suffering from multiple or life threatening ...

One of the main problems in training medical specialists in communication skills is the fact that very few specialists participate in such courses. Most courses on communication skills are hard to combine with a busy medical practice because of the course attendance requirement on working days. Interact-Cancer has been developed ...

The United States' national security strategy endorses "humanitarian interests" as a justifiable reason to deploy U.S. forces. The Armed Forces Medical Corps must adapt its readiness training regimens to include this new type of deployment, yet not neglect its primary mission of supporting the fighting forces at home and abroad. ...

This essay examines the background and implementation of the statutory requirement that each medical graduate in Great Britain must spend a pre-registration year in hospital training before full registration can be effected. It looks briefly at the French and USA 'internship', and then describes the British situation before 1950, when ...

Medical education in Turkey has certain similarities with systems in the West, and is struggling to train its doctors to the highest standard. However, as a country it remains very much in between the cultures of East and West. Although the overall organisation of medical training is continually changing, and ...

The MediSim system extends virtual environment technology to allow medical personnel to interact with and train on simulated casualties. The casualty model employs a three-dimensional animated human body that displays appropriate physical and behavioral responses to injury and/or treatment. Medical corpsmen behaviors were developed to allow the actions of simulated ...

Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is a complex deformity which in the West is usually treated by trained orthopaedic surgeons. In developing countries, however, most clubfeet will need to be treated by medical officers lacking specialist training. We report one author's experience in treating clubfeet in a small, rural East African hospital ...

A review and description is presented of medical support in the nonprofessional Croatian Home Guard brigade (2,200 soldiers) during the Croatian Operation Storm. Medical support was organized according to a straightforward and easily changeable model that enabled quick adaptations from defense to attack positions. It was provided initially on the ...

Seeks to throw light on both strategic and managerial aspects of the post of medical director. The medical director is a key executive member of the Trust Board, yet the role remains ill-defined. The existing published guidance gives some indication of what medical directors should be doing but gives limited ...

Minimal-risk anesthesia practice demands that fundamental physiologic and pharmacologic principles be applied to the specific medical and surgical needs of individual patients. In developing an anesthesia plan for a patient, health status must be assessed and considered along with other extrinsic factors such as the physical setting in which the ...

International Medical Graduates (IMGs) have played an integral role in provision of medical services in the United States, representing 25% of physicians nationwide and up to 43% in some states. Because of the concern with the future physician surplus, several proposals have been advanced specifically targeting IMGs. Although the need ...

Navy medicine is challenged to provide ongoing and realistic training for medical personnel who will be deployed to provide battlefield care. Current events in this country suggest that the need for realistic training could be met while simultaneously providing support to civilian communities with great need. Deployable Medical Systems hospital ...

This study examined whether the 8 weeks of initial medical training and 9 d re-certification every 3 yr given to Canadian Forces (CF) Search and Rescue Technicians (SAR Techs) was satisfactory. The course content was compared with 272 held medical case documents for the period 1990-93, inclusive. This practical medical ...

Medical personnel in military units are highly vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder. They are removed from their conventional identity, stature, and social support system, and are deprived of a sense of control and physical comforts. They then must witness and immerse themselves in the gruesome results of warfare. Ideal training ...

The world continues to experience major disasters with large numbers of casualties and fatalities. Dentistry's role in these disasters is explored. Overall disaster preparedness is discussed and the potential for the health care delivery system in the disaster area to be overwhelmed is emphasized. The role of dental personnel in ...

Better education, recruitment, and retention of rural doctors are priorities in Canada and Australia. All medical schools in both countries offer some training in rural areas. In Canada, postgraduate training is provided by university medical schools, which have produced a variety of rural educational initiatives in response to regional needs ...

Disasters frequently demand exceptional skills from medical responders. Providers work most efficiently and effectively, however, within the roles and hierarchical structures with which they are familiar. The goal of disaster medical response planners is to assign personnel to roles that are as familiar as possible and to simultaneously enhance flexibility ...

Continental Europe is now only 20 minutes away by train from mainland Britain, and moving ever closer politically. Mutual recognition of medical qualifications within the European Union is well established: working in other parts of Europe is, in principle, straightforward. Working in different health care systems can offer new perspectives ...

An in-depth survey of ethylene oxide (EtO) health and safety was conducted in Massachusetts hospitals (n = 92) to investigate the determinants of the provision of medical surveillance for EtO exposure. We have evaluated the relationships between provision of EtO medical surveillance and (1) activating OSHA-specified triggers for providing EtO ...

An urban teaching facility with nearly 3,000 employees had communication problems associated with race, gender and other cultural differences. It also competed for health care dollars and faced possible reduction in federal funding. The medical center instituted mandatory training in cultural diversity and customer service-and integrated the training process with ...

Outlines the author's experiences and the lessons learnt from work in the field of management training for doctors and other medical personnel. Explains the policy of using a dual approach: economic concepts and ideas in practical situations. States that by adopting this participative, problem-solving approach and involving the discipline of ...

Venepuncture is commonly regarded as a trivial procedure allocated to the most junior medical staff. The result of this policy is that junior doctors are required to perform a minimally invasive procedure on consenting patients without any structured venepuncture training or assessment. Consequently, inexperienced doctors may perform multiple and sometimes ...

Insulin regime prescription is performed by medical personnel based on a number of patient related factors such as age, activity, type of current medication, desirable control, whether the patient belongs to a special category, for example whether he has fever or has undergone surgery, etc. No general rules apply so ...

A nonlinear 0/1 mixed integer programming model is presented for a constrained discriminant analysis problem. The model enables controlling misclassification probabilities by placing restrictions on the numbers of misclassifications allowed among the training entities and incorporating a "reserved-judgment" region to which entities whose classifications are difficult to determine may be ...

The Scottish Office Home and Health Department (SOHHD) has, since 1980, published a regular series of articles on medical staffing in Scotland. The articles have taken the form of a series of tables provided by the Information and Statistics Division (ISD) of the Common Services Agency from the annual 'Medman' ...

Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Medical College of Georgia (GIT/MCG) have developed an interactive computer simulation of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP). ERCP is a minimally invasive technique for evaluating and treating pathologic conditions of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. While ERCP provides the patient with substantial ...

In the year ending March 1994, British Airways (BA) carried in excess of 30 million passengers worldwide. There was a total of 2078 reported in-flight medical incidents, with 18 unscheduled diversions for medical reasons. The commonest reported conditions were faints, diarrhoea and vomiting. The BA aircraft medical kit content exceeds ...

The causes of hydrops fetalis are myriad. As a result of the advent of routine Rh screening, most cases are not currently related to Rh incompatibility. Genetic, metabolic, chromosomal, and syndromic causes are among the most frequently identified causes of nonimmune hydrops. The importance of determining the underlying cause of ...

The authors reviewed their experiences of treating masses of victims after disasters in Arzamas, Armenia, and Ethiopia. To handle these vast numbers of victims, local hospitals were reorganized into specialized clinics with appropriate equipment and medical personnel. Some of the patients were evacuated to multispecialized clinics or rear hospitals. A ...

The first contract laborers arrived from China in 1852, but little attention was paid to their medical needs. In 1886 a physician from Japan arrived to minister to the health and medical needs of the Japanese immigrants. After 1900 most physicians caring for immigrant plantation workers were Western trained from ...

The importance of training in the emotional domain has been stressed since 1950. Balint and his co-workers advocate the conduct doctor-centred seminars (training and research) for better understanding of the contact with patients. The discussions form an understanding of the content of the consultation within the context of the sense ...

During the nineteenth century, two parallel developments, a surge in neuroscience discovery and the advent of medical specialization, resulted in new educational demands for advanced, postgraduate neurologic training in the United States. Archival data, including trustees' reports, school charters, and instructional plans from medical institutions in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, ...

The recent decline in the production of primary care physicians has been associated with a decrease in the production of general internists and an increase in the number of medical subspecialists. A significant majority of entering internal medicine residents anticipate entering a medical subspecialty. This transition in the development of ...

BACKGROUND: Medical oncology is a relatively new discipline whose rapid evolution is not paralleled by advances in the academic curricula. The present study was designed to provide a description of the status of post-graduate training programs in medical oncology in the European Union. RESULTS: Our survey shows that 'some form' ...

Exploration for oil and gas began in the North Sea in the mid 1960s. Since that time offshore medics have had the authority to diagnose and treat patients within a set of guidelines. As such they are one of the earliest groups of British nurse practitioners. Training for offshore medics ...

This study compared the proficiency of military medical technicians in the diagnosis of malaria using Giemsa-stained thick blood films (GSF) and the QBC system. Fourteen technicians, with no previous experience of the QBC and limited experience in interpreting GSF, were given training in the 2 techniques and then tested on ...

I report my experience during one 6-month period as the sole rheumatologist running a weekly clinic at a small community hospital. The report illustrates the impact of rheumatologic expertise in an environment well-served by generalists and other medical subspecialists. This experience identifies important gaps in the education of generalists in ...

From November 1990 to April 1991, the 48th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized), an Army National Guard unit, was activated under Operation Desert Shield and deployed to the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California, for training in desert warfare. All casualties requiring care beyond the battalion aid stations were evacuated to the ...

In order to meet the challenges of training of the health workers at various levels, there is a definite requirement of the involvement of various disciplines. Distance education can meet the need for training of the medical and para-medical personnel by utilising a variety of educational technology. Distance education has ...

Highly trained, dedicated assistants with relevant occupational skills are essential for safe medical practice. A vocational qualification has been introduced as a potential common training for non-medical personnel wishing to pursue a career in operating department practice. Approval of extended role options gives an opportunity for specialist support, and may ...

Though the introduction of psychotropic medication for the treatment of depression and anxiety was first greeted by the psychoanalytic community with overt opposition, in recent years the belief that medication and psychoanalysis are incompatible is being reconsidered. A study at the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research showed ...

Correctly assessing the stigmata of recent hemorrhage is critical to providing appropriate endoscopic and medical management in patients with bleeding ulcers. However, the task of training endoscopists to recognize stigmata in ulcers is particularly difficult, for a number of reasons. First, the source of bleeding must be located, and this ...

347 Finnish deck officers completed the questionnaire on medical training, knowledge and skills. The following conclusions could be drawn: a. Medical training must be based on generally accepted standards, both nationally and internationally. b. More practical exercises should be included in the training. c. Refresher medical training clearly increases knowledge ...

In the United Kingdom, clinical biochemistry is practised by medical and non-medical graduates. Their training is postgraduate, led by the profession and has a strong vocational orientation. Although there is considerable overlap between the training of medical and non-medical graduates, each group has a different career structure and different training ...

The Canadian Health Care System is operated governmentally at the provincial level although the costs and benefits are similar in every province. Most physicians are remunerated on the 'charge per service' basis, but laboratory physicians (including medical biochemists) are among the few who are remunerated by salary. The training of ...

Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm will go down in history as a resounding success. However, future successes will depend on how much we take away from this experience in the form of lessons learned. This article is a warning message on the need for medical preparedness. The medical personnel shortage remains ...

The "lanes" concept of training was integrated into a medical site support mission of the 804th Medical Brigade, U.S. Army Reserve, during Annual Training, 1993 at Fort Drum, New York. This training, termed Hospital Integrated Lanes Training (HILT), included STX, FTX, patient play, and full use of Deployable Medical Systems ...

In the clinical setting, the ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) is determined by an 8-beat drive train (S1S1), followed by a premature stimulus (S2), which is decremented in subsequent drive trains until capture is lost. Variation in intertrain pauses and capturing extra stimuli disturb steady-state conditions and reduce reproducibility of ...