Penicillin is often considered one of the greatest discoveries of 20th century medicine. However, the revolution in therapeutics brought about by sulphonamides also had a profound effect on British medicine, particularly during World War II (WWII). Sulphonamides were used to successfully treat many infections which later yielded to penicillin and ...

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the prevalence and severity of medical line entanglements among pediatric patients (N = 486). Most patients, with ages from birth to 6 years, had at least 1 medical line (n = 444, 91%), and 294 children (60%) had 2 to 11 ...

Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Reports of Achilles tendon rupture as a possible side effect of the quinolones have been previously presented but mechanism of the side effect of the medication is still unknown. Tendon rupture in the forearm associated with fluoroquinolone use has not been reported. We present a ...

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze medical professional, perception, attitude, knowledge, and experience about child abuse and neglect in Bagalkot district, north Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: Two hundred medical professional, working in both public and private sectors in the province were interviewed by a single operator. ...

Hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive sweating beyond what is expected for thermoregulatory needs and environmental conditions. Primary hyperhidrosis has an estimated prevalence of nearly 3% and is associated with significant medical and psychosocial consequences. Most cases of hyperhidrosis involve areas of high eccrine density, particularly the axillae, palms, and ...

The study seeks to contribute to the optimistic bias literature by studying the perceptual bias among medical personnel within the context of intimate partner violence (IPV). A total of 316 medical students, residents, and nurses were surveyed. Care providers exhibit optimistic bias, believing they are less likely than others to ...

The administration of medications is central to anaesthetists' care of patients. Errors are inevitable in any human endeavour, but should be distinguished from violations. The incidence of medication errors in anaesthesia has been estimated as 1 per 13 000 administrations, excluding errors in recording. Adverse medication events follow a proportion of ...

Self-neglect in an elderly person is a behavior that threatens his/her own health and safety. It is present when a person refuses to adequately feed, water, shelter, or clothe himself, refuses medication or medical care, and personal safety measures. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a multicentric study of self-neglect in ...

"Off-label" in relation to the use of medication means that a medicine is used in another way or for indications other than those specified in its conditions of registration and reflected in its labelling. The off-label use of medication accounts for an estimated 21 per cent of drug use overall ...

Objective: The off-label use, referring to the applicability of pharmaceutical drugs beyond the submitted and from the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM, Bundesamt für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte) certified and approved administration, is the subject of controversial discussions. The application can be considered in case of severe illness ...

In perioperative settings, medications are removed from their original identifying containers; therefore, scrub personnel (RN's and OR Technicians) need to label all medications placed on the sterile field. In this study, medication labeling practices will be evaluated in the operating room of a 187-bed, Charlotte, North Carolina hospital. Subsequently, blank ...

Given a set of pre-defined medical categories used in Evidence Based Medicine, we aim to automatically annotate sentences in medical abstracts with these labels. We constructed a corpus of 1,000 medical abstracts annotated by hand with specified medical categories (e.g. Intervention, Outcome). We explored the use of various features based ...

On-line hemodiafiltration (on-line HDF) is the result of a vision that triggered multifarious changes in very different areas. Driven by the idea to offer better medical treatment for renal patients, technological innovations were developed and established that also constituted new challenges in the field of regulatory affairs. The existing regulations ...

The 2010 US FDA-Drug Industry Association (DIA) Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Workshop follows a series that began in 2002 bringing together multidisciplinary experts spanning regulatory authorities, medical research, healthcare and industry. This report summarizes the 'Building PGx into Labels' sessions from the workshop, which discussed the critical elements in developing PGx outcomes ...

Off-label use of medication is common and can lead to innovations in the use of medicine to treat patients in unconventional ways. However, issues of increased health care costs, decreased reimbursement, and lack of clinical data to support off-label use, are concerns of practitioners and patients alike. By using their ...

Substance use is ubiquitous among medically ill patients. The 2008 National Survey on Drug Abuse and Health survey estimated that 20.1 million Americans aged 12 years or older (8% of the US population) had used an illicit drug during the preceding month. Some licit substances also create havoc. The survey ...

This is a shortened account of the bitter experiences of American prisoners of the British during the war of 1812-14 as seen through the eyes of a young New Englander who kept a diary of events in various prisons on both sides of the Atlantic. Resentment against the delay in ...

BACKGROUND: The number of patients with limited English proficiency is on the rise in the United States, and conveying medication information to these individuals in an effective manner is crucial to improve adherence and reduce medication errors. OBJECTIVES: To examine (1) self-reported capability for and actual provision of prescription labels ...

The contribution of masculinity to men's healthcare use has gained increased public health interest; however, few studies have examined this association among African-American men, who delay healthcare more often, define masculinity differently, and report higher levels of medical mistrust than non-Hispanic White men. To examine associations between traditional masculinity norms, ...

Dr John Warren was educated in the medical apprenticeship tradition of mid-18th century Boston, Massachusetts. As a surgeon in the American Continental Army he honed not only his surgical but also his teaching skills by providing continuing medical education to his colleagues in Boston's military hospital. Warren became a driving ...

Knowledge of the three-dimensional anatomy of the bronchopulmonary segments is essential for respiratory medicine. This report describes a quick guide for dissecting the segmental bronchi in formaldehyde-fixed human material. All segmental bronchi are easy to dissect, and thus, this exercise will help medical students to better understand the bronchopulmonary segments.

"Passion is not accepting defeat."--Emil Frei III. In the early 1950s, an experimental and clinical program characterized by unique cross-fertilization was developed. The clinical importance of experimental animal models in drug screening and in establishing key chemotherapy concepts and the role of the pioneers of medical oncology in the design ...

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules are systematically developed statements to assist health care professionals in medical decision making for specific clinical conditions. Most of the content herein is based on ...

To identify the types of adverse events associated with psychotropic treatment in African American children and adolescents, analyses were performed using a retrospective cohort design evaluating medical and pharmacy claims from South Carolina's Medicaid program covering outpatient and inpatient medical services and medication prescriptions between January 1996 and December 2005. ...

John Jones was a pioneer of American Surgery. Born in Long Island, New York in 1729, he received his medical degree in France from the University of Rheims. He returned to the colonies and helped to establish the medical school that would later become Columbia University's College of Physicians and ...

Introduction: While it is well documented that disparities exist across racial groups of diabetes patients relative to glucose control, the underlying causative factors are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in physician orders for adjustments of glucose control medications in diabetes patients between African ...

The current study proposed and tested a conceptual model of medical mistrust in a sample of African American men (N = 216) recruited primarily from barbershops in the Midwest and Southeast regions of the United States. Potential psychosocial correlates were grouped into background factors, masculine role identity/socialization factors, recent healthcare experiences, recent ...

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules are systematically developed statements to assist health care professionals in medical decision making for specific clinical conditions. Most of the content herein is based on ...

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules are systematically developed statements to assist health care professionals in medical decision making for specific clinical conditions. Most of the content herein is based on ...

Today, in the health care profession, all types of medication errors including missed dose, wrong dosage forms, wrong time interval, wrong route, etc., are a big deal for better patient care. Today, problems related to medications are common in the healthcare profession, and are responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and ...

Hypertension and dementia are common illnesses in geriatric patients, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate racial and ethnic differences in blood pressure control and medication utilization in veterans aged 65 years or older with a diagnosis of both hypertension and dementia. We ...

Ghostwriting for medical journals has become a major, but largely invisible, factor contributing to the problem of credibility in academic medicine. In this paper I argue that the pharmaceutical marketing objectives and use of medical communication firms in the production of ghostwritten articles constitute a new form of sophistry. After ...

Time constraints often limit the amount of instruction pharmacists can provide to patients regarding accurate prescription medication use. To assess the content, text point size, and reading difficulty of medication container labels and auxiliary warning labels (stickers) of 2 commonly prescribed children's medications (prednisolone and amoxicillin) dispensed by 20 US ...

Background Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used in sports medicine to reduce time of incapacity. Objective To describe the frequency of NSAIDs use by athletes in the XV Pan-American Games. Methods All athletes who were tested by the anti-doping control filled a form. The voluntarily declared medications were recorded ...

INTRODUCTION: Hypercholesterolemic African Americans are less likely than white Americans to be taking lipid-lowering medications, yet they suffer disproportionately from coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Through medical record abstraction and focus groups with patients and physicians, we sought a better understanding of the predictors, barriers, and facilitators to lipid-lowering medication ...

INTRODUCTION: Preexisting electrocardiographic abnormalities may limit accuracy of continuous electrocardiography (cECG) for ischemia determination. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association published criteria for the exclusion of unsuitable cECG curves from ST-segment interpretation. These criteria consider medication and 12-lead ECG findings (medication- and 12-lead ECG-based criteria) and cECG lead characteristics ...

Don E. Detmer has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) for the past five years, helping to set a course for the organization and demonstrating remarkable leadership as AMIA has evolved into a vibrant and influential professional association. On the occasion of ...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study builds on earlier work on medication administration hassles, minor daily irritants experienced by family caregivers of older relatives, by investigating the feasibility of using the Family Caregiver Medication Administration Hassles Scale (FCMAHS) for use with Mexican American caregivers. BACKGROUND: Appropriate medication administration is a critical ...

Between 1910 and 1968, the National Medical Association (NMA) repeatedly clashed with the American Medical Association (AMA) over the latter organization's racial bars to membership and other health policy issues. The NMA, founded in 1895 as a nonexclusionary medical society to provide a voice for disenfranchised black physicians and patients, ...

An independent panel of experts, convened by the American Medical Association (AMA) Institute for Ethics, analyzed the roots of the racial divide within American medical organizations. In this, the first of a 2-part report, we describe 2 watershed moments that helped institutionalize the racial divide. The first occurred in the ...

In this issue of the Bulletin, the leadership of the American College of Surgeons has published a Statement on Medical and Surgical Tourism (see page 26). The statement addresses a number of concerns about this new industry and some of the safety and quality issues that patients may encounter if ...

In 2004, the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges took the bold step of prioritizing diversity as a core value through the hiring of a full-time staff person. The organization then pressed forward in 2005 by launching a national plan devoted to increasing diversity in academic veterinary medicine. In the ...

Previous studies have suggested that African-American populations have a lower prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, because African-Americans are underrepresented in many cohorts, this relationship is poorly understood. We evaluated data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study to describe potential racial differences in PD ...

Since the mid-1990s, Americans have been made more aware of chronic sleep deprivation and sleep disorders exacerbated by dominant temporal regimes of work, school, and family life, primarily through increased medical and media attention. Concomitantly, Americans have turned to medical treatments and pharmaceutical cocktails to achieve normalcy rather than attending ...

On October 2, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson suffered a stroke that paralyzed the left half of his body. Wilson's stroke forced the American public to confront stroke, and laypeople came to identify stroke as a nervous disorder, rather than a condition rooted solely in psychological phenomena. His medical care was ...

For the past 20 years, the percentage of the American population consisting of nonwhite minorities has been steadily increasing. By 2050, these nonwhite minorities, taken together, are expected to become the majority. Meanwhile, despite almost 50 years of efforts to increase the representation of minorities in the healthcare professions, such ...

Education, medicine and psychotherapeutics offer exemplary sites through which liberty and its dreams are realized. This article explores the social history of medical freedom and liberty in North America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The National League for Medical Freedom (NLMF) and the American Medical Liberty League ...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the use of echocardiography in relation to recently released appropriateness criteria for echocardiography. METHODS: By using the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Society of Echocardiography appropriateness criteria, we examined transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) ordering on the general medicine service at a tertiary referral center. RESULTS: During ...

To evaluate ethnic differences in medication concerns (e.g., side effects and costs) that may contribute to ethnic differences in the adoption of and adherence to type 2 diabetes treatments. We conducted face-to-face interviews from May 2004 to May 2006 with type 2 diabetic patients > or =18 years of age ...

PURPOSE: The association of race with not filling prescription medications because of cost for African-American and white patients 65 years or older was examined. METHODS: African-American and white patients age 65 years or older were recruited from the practices of 48 Alabama primary care physicians participating in the Alabama Nonsteroidal ...