One hundred junior doctors were asked to complete a questionnaire about the training they had received in the use of problem lists. A questionnaire was sent about the training in the use of problems lists at their medical school to the Deans in all 27 British medical schools. Of the ...

Retention is a critical problem in medical school education. We report here on research that examined gender differences in attrition rates between 1973 and 1992. Using secondary data compiled from the annual reports on undergraduate education published in JAMA, both descriptive and inferential analyses of medical school attrition rates were ...

This is a time of considerable uncertainty about the future of medical education. There are threats to medical school finances from state and federal levels. While medical schools derive only an average of about 11% of total revenues from state and local sources, these funds potentially give states the basis ...

It happened at Yale, Harvard, and Johns Hopkins for the first time in the histories of those prestigious medical schools last fall. Now the trend has reached Texas. This September, Women in Medicine Month, women will outnumber men in the first-year class at The University of Texas-Houston Medical School. As ...

Knight has shown how the moral growth of medical students involves a spiritual journey. He may, however, present too sanguine a portrayal of the extent to which the medical education environment promotes this moral and spiritual growth. Medical school may indeed be more abusive than supportive. Admitting more women to ...

Discriminant functions designed for the determination of sex from metacarpal measurements are presented. Three samples of metacarpal specimens were employed in the analysis; one consisting of 212 individuals from the Terry Collection, one of 33 individuals from the Royal Free Medical School in London, and finally, 40 individuals from the ...

Married couples who began their relationship by cohabiting appear to face an increased risk of marital dissolution, which may be due to self-selection of more dissolution-prone individuals into cohabitation before marriage. This paper uses newly developed econometric methods to explicitly address the endogeneity of cohabitation before marriage in the hazard ...

In 1994, the AAMC surveyed the 126 U.S. medical schools to obtain data on live-animal use in the undergraduate medical curriculum. The questions focused entirely on the use of live animals in teaching laboratories that are either required or optional parts of the undergraduate medical curriculum. Seventy-seven of the 125 ...

With Health for All as a social goal and a reference point, medical schools must create new alliances within the health sector and with other sectors bearing on health. The future role and responsibility of the medical school should reflect the likely essential features of the future health system and ...

This paper focuses largely on describing the accreditation system recently instituted for medical schools in Australia. Features of the system include evaluation of medical schools in terms of their own objectives and emphasis on the accreditation process as a consultation rather than an inspection. Steps in the accreditation process are ...

The highlights of this commentary may be recapitulated as follows: First, an attempt has been made to emphasize the merits of having medical education as a continuous process after high school under the complete control of medical schools, i.e., incorporating pre-medical into medical education. Second, to restructure the departments of ...

Misguided by the notion that the decline of the German race would be prevented by purifying "Aryan blood" and eliminating foreign, particularly Jewish, influences, the Nazis evicted all Jews from universities within their growing empire during the Third Reich. The Medical Faculty of Vienna suffered more than any other European ...

The medical home plays a critical role on the interprofessional team to improve school readiness of children before they enter primary school. School readiness and optimal health require a combination of medical care with health and social services both to prevent and to improve the effects of negative conditions. Hawaii ...

Since the early '80s, and especially since the publication in 1991 of Toward Integrated Medical Resource Policies for Canada (the Barer-Stoddart Report), received wisdom has been that there is an oversupply of physicians in Canada and that medical school enrollment should be cut. In a CMAJ article published July 1, ...

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective survey of the incidence of positive scoliosis screenings in schools for the hearing impaired was performed. OBJECTIVES: The incidence rate of scoliosis in a population with a high incidence of vestibular dysfunction was compared with the national normative incidence rate. The comparison was done to investigate ...

For several decades, unconfirmed rumours have suggested that prowess at rugby can help in securing a place at certain medical schools. It is a fact that most medical schools can field at least one team of rugby players with their attendants. After qualification, however, active participation in the game (of ...

Whilst there have been many reported assessments of selective medicals at 5+ school entry, there is a dearth of publications on the value of selected medical review at secondary transfer age. It was decided to evaluate this within the South Downs Health Trust. The team of child health doctors was ...

There is an ongoing debate about the relative value of selective vs routine entrant medicals. This paper describes a districtwide study of entrant medicals using the tracer method to assess the prevalence and detection rates of problems at school entry. Overall 57% of school entrants were selected for a medical ...

PURPOSE: To determine the extent and trends of cooperation in continuing medical education (CME) between community teaching hospitals and medical schools in the United States. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent in September 1992 to the directors of CME at 276 teaching hospital members of the Association for Hospital Medical Education ...

Although safe, civil aviation can result in some unique medical problems. Most physicians are not familiar with aviation-related medical problems. One such problem, decompression sickness, is not mentioned in most medical texts, and is not included in most medical school instruction. If not promptly recognized and treated, decompression sickness can ...

This paper on the four-year analysis of a five-year-old girl with a school phobia details the playroom enactments of medical trauma and its sequelae. Early in the analysis the patient expressed herself almost exclusively through play. Gradually she connected her conflicts, including those over her compulsive masturbation, to her hospital ...

Willard Carver was a pioneer in chiropractic education who founded seven schools, and ardent legislative leader in Oklahoma, who later suffered indignation from authorities that brought him to the Senate's bar of justice, was convicted and sent to jail. How this episode fostered defeat by a referendum petition of a ...

What implications on medical schools have HIV infection and AIDS, as the schools reshape their curricula to meet the General Medical Council's new requirements? (General Medical Council 1993). A recent Institute of Medical Ethics' (IME) enquiry suggests: (1) that each medical school should have a specific policy to coordinate teaching ...

Increasing public and regulatory agency concern about a variety of animal protection issues that affect the field of medicine have made these issues increasingly relevant to medical school curricula. The purpose of this study was to assess the availability and forms of medical school training relating to ethical, conceptual, and ...

In September 1992, the first College Programme of Medical Illustration in Paris began at the Ecole Supérieure des Arts et Industries Graphiques Estienne. There had previously been only one College of Medical Illustration in France-founded in 1969 in Strasbourg. Paris, at the centre of the French scientific and medical environment, ...

From the data on faculty, students, and curriculum, is it possible to identify any responses to actual or anticipated health system changes? While one could foresee medical school downsizing in response to a potentially more competitive environment in which income from faculty practice would be reduced, what has occurred, on ...

This report presents (1) a brief history and summary of the Americans with Disabilities Act and (2) an extensive section of definitions and explanations of key components--such as disability, qualified individual with a disability, reasonable accommodation, and undue hardship--and their relevance to medical schools. While these definitions are numerous and ...

In 1956, 99% of all medical schools required a clinical rotation through urology during year 3 or 4. By 1978 this percentage had decreased to 48% and currently it is only 38%. In addition, an estimated 10 to 15% of medical school graduates have never been exposed to urology (no ...

Curricular reform in the education of medical students is highlighted within the context of changing patterns of provision of health care. A number of industrialised countries' medical schools have accepted that they have a 'social contract' to respond to the health needs of the populations they serve. Such a contract, ...

Over a 12-month period, 120 consecutive male patients with confirmed urethral stricture were prospectively studied with regard to the epidemiology of the disease. Specific urethritis is the main aetiological factor (45%) and internal and external trauma account for an alarming 38.3% of cases. The prevalence is highest among 40-50-year-old coloured ...

To replace the conventional school medical, a new system of screening school entrants by the school nurse was introduced in the Canterbury and Thanet health district, writes Pauline Bolton. The system has been shown to be satisfactory for the children and their parents, to increase the school nurse's job satisfaction ...

Few institutions have shaped neuropathology as a discipline as profoundly as Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School. Their fascination over many decades is due to a unique accumulation of excellent, intellectually stimulating neurologists with a sincere interest in the morphologic and pathogenetic basis of nervous system diseases. Their ...

Unequal access to higher medical degrees, which are important for career advancement, is a problem that is likely to plague UK medicine as integration within Europe proceeds. This paper analyses the characteristics of M.D.s at the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine and proposes a solution of creating a common ...

Academic departments of family medicine and divisions of general internal medicine and general pediatrics exist in the majority of medical schools in the United States and have important roles in generalist medical education. The major organizational issues facing these units concern institutional influence, faculty development, role in medical education, research ...

Medical schools are often thought of as relatively homogeneous entities with similar financial and structural characteristics. In fact, they are of several types. For this report, the authors group the 126 accredited U.S. medical schools that share at least one key characteristic (e.g., being community-based) into seven groups, provide an ...

The Preci School was not as well known as those of Salerno and Montpellier, and its members were often confused with quack doctors from nearby Cerretani who begged for alms for medical and religious foundations as a profession. The Preci School surgeons performed lithotomy, phlebotomy and castration, designing and making ...

This report uses published information on the tenures of the 862 U.S. medical school deans who served from 1940-41 through 1990-91 to ascertain whether the turnover of deans has increased historically. The data confirm the wide-spread impression that there has been increasing instability of medical school leadership in recent decades. ...

In 1911 John Broadus Watson and Shepard Ivory Franz proposed that the teaching of psychology was as essential to the education of medical students as were anatomy, pharmacology, surgery, and the other basic and clinical sciences. Today, our country's 126 medical schools each employ an average of some 35 full-time ...

BACKGROUND: Medical educators bear responsibility for the informational materials that their institutions use to communicate with potential applicants. These documents, because they are often the first official correspondence that prospective students receive, may be influential in shaping students' expectations. METHOD: In March 1990 all North American medical schools that awarded ...

Admission to medical school became selective in the 1920s and by the 1960s became increasingly expensive for applicants. The stories of three applicants, a white man who easily walked into medical school in 1908, a black woman who overcame a double hurdle in the 1930s, and a white man who ...

Originating in 1850, the New York Medical College was one of the earliest medical schools to adopt the educational reforms advocated by the American Medical Association. This college lengthened the school term, employed more professors than usual and established a separate Board of Censors to approve students for their medical ...

The admission officer of 28 medical schools in the UK were circulated with a questionnaire requesting details of their policies regarding applicants who are dental graduates. Replies were received from 27 schools (96.4%). There was a wide variation amongst the intake policies between the medical schools. The number of places ...

Three distinguished academicians share their thoughts on tenure and its future in academic medicine. Paul J. Friedman, from the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, explains and defends tenure as practiced in medical schools. He examines the question of giving tenure to clinical faculty, explains posttenure academic review, ...

Does medical school shape surgeons' personalities? This research retrospectively compares personality test results of 17 surgical and 44 non-surgical specialists trained at the same medical school. Fifty-five standardized personality measures at two developmental periods (the outset and the conclusion of medical school) revealed no pronounced differences between surgeons and other ...

Following Part 1 (1992; 15: 133-137), this second article covers the 1950s and 1960s. The enormous amount of work done for the Medical School's Centenary Exhibition to which no visitors came is outlined: Sir Alexander Fleming's picture of the 1928 culture plate of Penicillium; development of the cinelaryngeal camera; the ...

Formal teaching and training in medical photography at Cardiff started in 1969 when a School of Medical Photography was established, as part of the Department of Medical Illustration, at the Cardiff Royal Infirmary. In the early 1970s the school was transferred with the Medical Illustration Department to the newly built ...

A detailed analysis was conducted of the application forms for the 1992-93 and 1993-94 entering classes at all 126 U.S. medical schools, with the expectation that knowledge of the types of information that admission committees and their institutions solicit through these materials would help to illuminate the little-understood nature of ...

The earliest medical schools were established to supplement apprenticeship, the only route to practice available in colonial Canada. By 1885, eight medical schools were trying to accommodate the volume of new scientific information flowing from Europe. In 1910, when Flexner evaluated the schools against the Johns Hopkins model, some were ...

Fifty years ago family practice in Canada had no academic presence. Stimulated by a number of general practitioners and with the support of the Canadian Medical Association, the College of General Practitioners of Canada (CGPC) was founded in 1954. In 1962, conferences on education for general practice attended by the ...

5427 applicants to British medical schools indicated the importance of each of 22 specific reasons for applying to the five choices they had put on their medical school application. The 24852 applications were aggregated by medical school, and the profile of reasons analysed for each school. Factor analysis showed four ...