At the end of 1910, when the Qing dynasty was on the verge of collapse and the whole Chinese empire in a process of transformation, North Manchuria was devastated by a large pneumonic plague epidemic. The Russian and Japanese governments wanted to use the outbreak of the disease as a ...

Mercer University School of Medicine in Macon, Ga, is the nation's youngest medical school. It has been training physicians since 1982, with an emphasis on meeting the health care needs of rural and other underserved areas of Georgia. Ninety-six (32%) of Mercer's 303 graduates through 1995 have chosen residency training ...

Fifty-four patients with problems following "medical grade" silicone injections into the face and legs were seen from 1974 until 1995. Complications consisted of chronic cellulitis, nodules, foreign body reactions, and movement of material to near and distant parts of the body. These difficulties usually demonstrated themselves many years after injection. ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine how often Saskatchewan physicians changed career paths during medical training and practice. DESIGN: Population survey (mailed questionnaire). SETTING: Saskatchewan. PARTICIPANTS: All 1077 active members of the Saskatchewan Medical Association were sent a questionnaire; 493 (45.8%) responded. OUTCOME MEASURES: Long-term career goal or plan in next-to-last year of ...

To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) among private medical practitioners in Enugu, Nigeria, 91 doctors were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. All the doctors had heard of ORT and believed in its efficacy. The commonest source of information on ORT was the medical school ...

Theodore F. Riggs, MD was born to missionary parents in Dakota Territory in 1874. His early education was a mixture of a mission school with Indian children and more conventional elementary schools in eastern communities. He graduated from Beloit College, and in 1903 received his medical degree at Johns Hopkins. ...

Consortia have been recommended as a local mechanism for allocating housestaff positions and overseeing graduate medical education (GME) training programs. They also could serve to simplify the execution of a national health care policy in the future. Such a consortium has existed in Milwaukee for the last 16 years. It ...

A two-stage survey that used the Delphi technique was performed to determine the attitudes and needs of physicians that practice occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) regarding continuing medical education (CME) and Master of Public Health (MPH) curriculum in the area of health law. Forty-six of the 80 subjects (58%) responded ...

This study examines the differential location on Dec. 31, 1987, in nonmetropolitan U.S. counties of a cohort of international medical graduates (IMGs) (n = 246,754) certified by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates between 1969 and 1982, and a matched group of U.S. medical graduates (USMGs). Analysis of counties ...

Managed care has been growing and likely will increase market share. This movement will require fundamental alterations in the number and specialty distribution of physicians. Under current production, future supply does not appear well-matched with requirements. Although the adequacy of generalist supply is of concern, the oversupply of specialists is ...

BACKGROUND: The current level of Health Education Assistance Loan (HEAL) defaults has exceeded the original estimate, and as such is producing an unforeseen federal expenditure. Predicting repayment patterns of HEAL borrowers is an important step in assessing the impact that this unforeseen expenditure will have on HEAL and other financial ...

A number of states have experimented with legislation that would allow unlicensed international medical graduates to become physician assistants. These attempts have failed. The authors conducted a pilot evaluation study in California in response to legislative efforts. They examined the medical knowledge of a group of unlicensed international medical graduates ...

AIM: To determine the extent to which New Zealand's future specialists are likely to be graduates of this country's medical schools. METHODS: Forward projections were made on the basis of information from: (1) Medical Council annual reports recording additions to the Register of Specialists between July 1 1990 and June ...

Section 220 of the Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994 (Pub. L. 103-416) amended Section 212(e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(e)) and added a new subsection (k) to section 214 of that Act (8 U.S.C. 1184) regarding waiver of the two-year foreign residence requirement ...

OBJECTIVE: In 1994, only 3.2% of U.S. medical school graduates chose psychiatry, the lowest proportion since 1929. Success in recruiting such graduates is necessary to maintain adequate numbers of psychiatrists. The authors' goal was to gain an understanding of the determinants of specialty selection to ensure adequate recruitment. METHOD: They ...

The authors used data from the AAMC Matriculating Student Questionnaire and Medical School Graduation Questionnaire to ascertain how closely the specialty or subspecialty choices of the 1991 and 1994 graduates of U.S. medical schools matched the preferences they had declared when they were matriculated; the extent to which these students ...

Once the cornerstone of medical-school training because they taught the fundamentals of anatomy and the ravages of disease, autopsies are now done so infrequently that many of today's doctors graduate from medical school without ever having seen one performed. In 1950, 50% of deaths were followed by autopsy; in 1995, ...

This is the 14th report prepared by the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) on the percentage of each US medical school's graduates entering family practice residency programs. Approximately 13.4% of the 15,620 graduates of US medical schools between July 1993 and June 1994 were first-year family practice residents in ...

To understand better how career choices are made by physiatrists, a 16-item, 7-page questionnaire was sent to all 1994 graduating physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) resident physicians in the United States. Of the 343 senior residents, 202 completed the questionnaire for a response rate of 59%. The questionnaire focused on ...

The composition of practising physicians in Alberta, with respect to medical school of graduation, changed between 1986 and 1991. The percentage of graduates of the 2 Alberta medical schools increased, and the percentage of graduates of foreign medical schools decreased. Graduates of the University of Calgary increased their percentage in ...

OBJECTIVE: Because of the size and growth of the international medical graduate (IMG) contribution to graduate medical education (GME) in the United States, and subsequently to the US physician workforce, it is essential to understand the demographics and patterns of IMG training and practice as well as the routes of ...

Physician workforce issues in the healthcare reform debate have led to considerable agreement on the need to reform graduate medical education (GME) in order to control the cost, mix and supply of physician manpower. The osteopathic medical profession's infrastructure is ill-prepared to respond to many of the changes that policymakers ...

A clinical supervisors rating form addressing 13 competencies was used to assess the clinical competence of graduates one year after qualification in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Data from 485 interns (97.2%) showed that graduates from the problem-based medical school were rated significantly better than their peers with respect to ...

Physician workforce issues, particularly the generalist/specialist mix, surfaced as a major component of the healthcare reform debate in the last Congress. Both of the major bills before the Congress at the end of the session would have legislated reforms in graduate medical education designed to control the cost, mix, and ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate primary care outcomes for the Loma Linda University School of Medicine (LLUSM), using Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) data files. The two principal objectives were to estimate the percentages of LLUSM graduates who are practicing or will practice primary ...

In 1993, the Medical College of Pennsylvania (MCP), mindful of the rapidly changing environments of health care delivery, created three surveys to gather information from outside the school that would help the faculty plan how the curriculum and advising system could better prepare students and residents for the demands of ...

Military surgery is a complex discipline that has progressed far beyond triage and the debridement of battle wounds. The evolution of modern warfare now demands that the combat surgeon be knowledgeable in military tactics, logistics, transport of personnel, trauma surgery, tropical medicine, public health, industrial medicine, and special weapons, as ...

The Physician Refresher program, now 25 years old, at the Medical College of Pennsylvania offers training to clinically inactive physicians. The authors examined the characteristics of program participants to determine whether specialists who took the program to prepare for a change to a primary care career made the intended change. ...

In addition to its certification programme, which assesses the readiness of foreign medical graduates to enter graduate medical education programmes in the USA, the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) is involved in a number of other programmes in international medical education. These include: (1) continuing to provide sponsorship ...

Health care reform proposals include many sections related to graduate medical education, number of physicians needed, and specialty distribution of physicians. In our attempts to address these concerns, we must examine the present method of graduate medical education in orthopedics and its subspecialties and understand how a variety of proposals ...

Clinical biochemistry, as one of the major 'classic' specialties within the broad field of laboratory medicine, continues to evolve under several different circumstances: (1) subspecialization within clinical biochemistry itself; (2) growth of new areas of biotechnology; (3) blurring of traditional 'boundaries' between disciplines in laboratory medicine. Post-graduate training in clinical ...

The year 1908 through circumstance and perhaps inevitable progression of new healing concepts, proved to be one of historical moment for two of the first followers of Daniel David Palmer. Oakley Smith, who graduated under "Old Chiro" in 1899, and John F. A. Howard, who was in the Class of ...

There is a growing consensus that the United States is training more physicians than it needs or can afford. Public resources are likely be used to bend the graduate medical education enterprise increasingly toward the production of generalist physicians to practice primary care. Pediatrics, with its generalist tradition, can stand ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The Association of American Medical Colleges set a goal for US medical schools to produce 50% of their graduates as generalists. Methods for achieving this goal have not been established. METHODS: We developed a computer simulation to gauge the effect of interventions that could occur at five ...

The 1994 National Resident Matching Program results reveal a 14% increase in positions filled in family practice residencies, compared with 1993 (2,293 vs 2,002) and a 13% increase in positions filled by US seniors (1,850 vs 1,636). Similarly, 9% more positions were filled on July 1, 1994, than 1993 (3,040 ...

This is the 13th report prepared by the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) on the percentage of each US medical school's graduates entering family practice residency programs. Approximately 12.3% of the 15,564 medical school graduates between July 1992 and June 1993 were first-year family practice residents in October 1993, ...

The recruitment and retention of osteopathic medical students by osteopathic medical institutions is arguably the most important priority facing the profession today. Residencies accredited by the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education are now the major competitors for osteopathic medical students; osteopathic residency graduates are readily accepted at most hospitals; ...

In Third World countries, there is a desperate need for basic medical supplies. Surgeons are responsible for a significant amount of medical waste in operating rooms, and much of that waste comes from partially used prepackaged sterile operative sets. In October 1992, InterVol established a regional pilot program in Rochester, ...

OBJECTIVES: To project specialty and geographic impacts of workforce reform proposals on the practice output of graduate medical education (GME). DESIGN: A demographic life-table model to predict GME output was developed using 1987 cohort data from the Association of American Medical Colleges Annual GME Census. The 1992 GME cohort was ...

Recent graduates (1989-1990) of a traditional school of Chinese medicine were assessed by observers using a 10-item scale for professional behaviour in the non-cognitive realm. Overall, 10.7% of the graduates had low ratings on this scale. Of those who scored in the top two quartiles on this scale, 71.4% reported ...

There is currently no reliable information to predict the retention rate of internal medicine physicians in the U.S. Army. A retrospective study was conducted of internal medicine physicians who had trained in the U.S. Army Graduate Medical Education Program during the years 1975-1988. Positive predictors for retention included subspecialty training, ...

On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the curriculum of medical informatics at the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn, a written and anonymous inquiry was carried out in March 1992 among the entirety of graduates from the curriculum. The aim of the inquiry was to obtain from the ...

The graduate student program in medical informatics at the University of Utah described in this paper comprises a Master of Science degree (since 1976) and a Ph.D. degree (since 1962). The average program length is 2 years for M.Sc. and 3-5 years for Ph.D. The aims of the program are ...

The establishment of medical facilities and a proactive care system for expatriates in a foreign country should be approached in stepwise fashion. In advance of a new company operation, considerable information must be gathered about the company's plan. Risk assessment includes consideration of both occupational and country-related medical issues. Resource ...

OBJECTIVE: This study inquires whether retention in rural practice settings is longer for graduates of public medical schools and community hospital-based residencies, and for those who participated in rural rotations as medical students and residents. These questions are addressed separately for "mainstream" rural physicians and physicians serving in the National ...

National commissions, medical philanthropies, scholars, and policy analysts agree that the key to improved health care access and cost containment is a physician workforce built on a generalist foundation. They propose a national system to allocate a specific and limited number of graduate medical education (GME) positions. The Council on ...

The pre-registration house officers' year has a dual purpose. On the one hand, there is the basic service requirement for long hours of routine assistance to senior medical staff. On the other hand, there is the educational component of the job as seen in the GMC and post-graduate deans' objectives. ...

The authors compared data from the 1993 AAMC Medical School Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) with data from earlier GQs to examine the relationship of debt to specialty choices among graduates of U.S. medical schools. The authors report the continuing increase of educational indebtedness among medical students graduating in 1993 compared with ...

PURPOSE: To determine the specialty choices, practice locales, patient populations, and professional achievements of black graduates from a predominantly white medical school. METHOD: Of the 136 black graduates from the Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine (MCGSM) who graduated between 1971 and 1992, 95 had completed residency training and ...

BACKGROUND: Recent growth in the number of international medical graduates (IMGs)--i.e., graduates of non-U.S. and non-Canadian medical schools--who fill positions in internal medicine residencies requires examination of the predictive validity of selection criteria. METHOD: Data were analyzed for 46 foreign-born IMGs who entered the internal medicine residency at Wright State ...