Frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps are important components of most natural sounds. To examine the processing of these stimuli we applied a two-tone paradigm. Repeated stimulus presentation usually leads to reduced neuronal responses. However, in a former study repetition enhancements which have been observed when FM tones were separated by short interstimulus ...

Contrast adaptation is a basic property of visual information processing. However, important questions about contrast adaptation in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) remain. For example, it is unclear whether the different information channels have the same or distinct contrast adaptation properties and mechanisms. It has been recognized that the visual ...

Load carriage walking (LCW) challenges a person's balance as the load increases their forward trunk inclination, shifting the center of mass (COM) forward with respect to the base of support (BOS). We examined LCW to understand whether and how healthy people adjust the temporal relationship (TR) between the trunk and ...

The increasing train speed on railways generates an urgent need for more powerful automatic inspection of railway tracks, including real-time fastening component inspection. To obtain better high-speed performance with lower cost, this paper has proposed a novel structured light method based on motion image (SLMMI) for moving object inspection. The ...

When objects move in the environment, their retinal images can undergo drastic changes and features of different objects can be inter-mixed in the retinal image. Notwithstanding these changes and ambiguities, the visual system is capable of establishing correctly feature-object relationships as well as maintaining individual identities of objects through space ...

The effect of hypercapnia (an increase in CO(2) concentration in the blood) on the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) haemodynamic response has been well characterised and is commonly used for BOLD calibration. However, relatively little is known of the effect of hypercapnia on the electrical ...

Brightness induction refers to a class of visual illusions in which the perceived intensity of a region of space is influenced by the luminance of surrounding regions. These illusions are significant because they provide insight into the neural organization of the visual system. A novel quadrature-phase motion cancelation technique was ...

The advent of laser cooling techniques revolutionized the study of many atomic-scale systems, fuelling progress towards quantum computing with trapped ions and generating new states of matter with Bose-Einstein condensates. Analogous cooling techniques can provide a general and flexible method of preparing macroscopic objects in their motional ground state. Cavity ...

The compass-gait walker proposed by McGeer can walk down a shallow slope with a self-stabilizing gait that requires no actuation or control. However, as the slope goes to zero so does the walking speed, and dynamic gait stability is only possible over a very narrow range of slopes. Gomes and ...

This study examines how audiovisual signals are combined in time for a temporal analogue of the ventriloquist effect in a purely temporal context, that is, no spatial grounding of signals or other spatial facilitation. Observers were presented with two successive intervals, each defined by a 1250-ms tone, and indicated in ...

We study the shrinkage in acrylamide based photopolymer by measuring the Bragg detuning of transmission diffraction gratings recorded at different slant angles and at different intensities for a range of spatial frequencies. Transmission diffraction gratings of spatial frequencies 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 lines/mm were recorded in an acrylamide based ...

Forces measured in human joints vary considerably when an activity such as walking is carried out by different subjects or when it is repeated. 'Typical' standardised force-time patterns are needed to test and improve joint implants. Mechanically most important for their endurance are the magnitudes and times of force maxima ...

Phlebotomine sand flies transmit Leishmania parasites that cause leishmaniasis in humans. We report experimental results that improve our understanding of how foraging sand flies proceed over flat or sloping ground and how they negotiate vertical obstacles. Three rows of traps were suspended at different heights on a wire fence. Those ...

When performing inverse dynamics analysis, smoothing kinematic and force platform data at different cutoff frequencies creates an "impact" like artifact that is visible in the joint moments during impulsive activity. Here we illustrate a processing technique in which inverse dynamics analysis is performed on the raw kinematic and force platform ...

The dielectric properties and electrical conductivity of Al∕SiO(2)∕p-Si (MIS) Schottky diodes (SDs) in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 10 MHz and the gate voltage range of -2 to 6 V have been investigated in detail using experimental C-V and G∕w-V measurements. Experimental results indicated that the voltage dependence ...

In Yangtze finless porpoises Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis, the effects of fatiguing noise on hearing thresholds at frequencies of 32, 45, 64, and 128 kHz were investigated. The noise parameters were: 0.5-oct bandwidth, -1 to +0.5 oct relative to the test frequency, 150 dB re 1 μPa (140-160 dB re 1 ...

We have developed a wideband phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit with real-time phase correction for high-speed and accurate force measurements by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in liquid. A high-speed operation of FM-AFM requires the use of a high frequency cantilever which, however, increases frequency-dependent phase delay caused by the ...

Abstract Dactylogyrus simplexus Monaco and Mizelle, 1955, occurs on the gills of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Previous research on parasites of fathead minnows from 3 converging Nebraska streams, Elk Creek, Oak Creek, and West Oak Creek, shows that fish in each stream constitute distinct populations. To determine whether their parasites ...

Vingren, JL, Buddhadev, HH, and Hill, DW. Smith machine counterbalance system affects measures of maximal bench press throw performance. J Strength Cond Res 25(7): 1951-1956, 2011-Equipment with counterbalance weight systems is commonly used for the assessment of performance in explosive resistance exercise movements, but it is not known if such ...

The characterization of tissue viscoelastic properties requires the measurement of tissue motion over a region of interest at frequencies that significantly exceed the frame rates of conventional ultrasound systems. In this paper, we propose that the bandpass sampling technique be applied to tissue motion sampling. With this approach, high-frequency signals ...

Animals that move rapidly through the air can save considerable energy by reducing the drag that they need to overcome during flight. We describe a novel 'streamlining' response in tethered, flying honeybees in which the abdomen is held in a raised position when the visual system is exposed to a ...

Spectral ripple discrimination thresholds were measured in 15 cochlear-implant users with broadband (350-5600 Hz) and octave-band noise stimuli. The results were compared with spatial tuning curve (STC) bandwidths previously obtained from the same subjects. Spatial tuning curve bandwidths did not correlate significantly with broadband spectral ripple discrimination thresholds but did ...

The effect of sound pressure on the hearing of fish has been extensively investigated in laboratory studies as well as in field trials in contrast to particle motion where few studies have been carried out. To improve this dearth of knowledge, an instrument for measuring particle motion was developed and ...

The principle of dynamic similarity states that the optimal walking speeds of geometrically similar animals are independent of size when speed is normalized to the dimensionless Froude number (Fr). Furthermore, various studies have shown similar dimensionless optimal speed (Fr ∼0.25) for animals with quite different limb geometries. Here, we wondered ...

Temporal integration of loudness of 1 kHz tones with 5 and 200 ms durations was assessed in four subjects using two loudness measurement procedures: categorical loudness scaling (CLS) and loudness matching. CLS provides a reliable and efficient procedure for collecting data on the temporal integration of loudness and previously reported ...

This study investigated the nature of the structural variations found in the motor output of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Young (n = 21; 19.9 ± 1.3 yrs.), aged (n = 9; 74.8 ± 6.8 yrs.) and individuals with PD (n = 9; 73.4 ± 6.6 yrs.) swung their leg ...

Increased beat-to-beat variability in cardiac repolarization time is a tentative risk marker of drug-induced torsades de pointes. We developed a new, automatic method based on the temporal variability of the T-wave down slope to assess this variability. Leads V(1) to V(6) of resting electrocardiograms were recorded in 42 healthy subjects ...

The influence of participants' impressions of vehicle styling on the loudness of acceleration sounds was investigated. A series of images of luxury or sporty vehicles was presented to the participants as acceleration sounds were being replayed. The results indicated that participants who were frequent drivers felt that the sound associated ...

Interstitial fiber-optic-based approaches used in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications rely on localized light-tissue interactions. We present an optical technique to identify spectrally and spatially specific exogenous chromophores in highly scattering turbid media. Point radiance spectroscopy is based on directional light collection at a single point with a side-firing fiber ...

When living close to an industrial plant, people are exposed to a combination of industrial noise sources and a background noise composed of all the other noise sources in the environment. As a first step, noise annoyance indicators in laboratory conditions are proposed for a single exposure to an industrial ...

Perrier, ET, Pavol, MJ, and Hoffman, MA. The acute effects of a warm-up including static or dynamic stretching on countermovement jump height, reaction time, and flexibility. J Strength Cond Res 25(7): 1925-1931, 2011-The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of a warm-up with static vs. dynamic stretching ...

This experiment was designed to yield precise measures of the statistical properties of perceived sound images. Results are reported for listeners' judgments of intracranial sound image lateral positions in response to binaural tone burst stimuli (250 Hz, 50 ms) with varying interaural phase differences, conditional on the absence or presence ...

Two experiments explored how frequency content impacts sound localization for sounds containing reverberant energy. Virtual sound sources from thirteen lateral angles and four distances were simulated in the frontal horizontal plane using binaural room impulse responses measured in an everyday office. Experiment 1 compared localization judgments for one-octave-wide noise centered ...

Seahorses are visually guided feeders that prey upon small fast-moving crustaceans. Seahorse habitats range from clear tropical to turbid temperate waters. How are seahorse retinae specialized to mediate vision in these diverse environments? Most species of seahorse have a specialization in their retina associated with acute vision, the fovea. The ...

The form of the psychometric function (PF) for auditory frequency discrimination is of theoretical interest and practical importance. In this study, PFs for pure-tone frequency discrimination were measured for several standard frequencies (200-8000 Hz) and levels [35-85 dB sound pressure level (SPL)] in normal-hearing listeners. The proportion-correct data were fitted ...

Normal-hearing listeners receive less benefit from momentary dips in the level of a fluctuating masker for speech processed to degrade spectral detail or temporal fine structure (TFS) than for unprocessed speech. This has been interpreted as evidence that the magnitude of the fluctuating-masker benefit (FMB) reflects the ability to resolve ...

Contrast-defined contours are one type of second-order contours, across which there are no differences in luminance. Although they can be always perceived, their responses have been only investigated when the spatial frequency of carrier, the background texture whose contrast is modulated to form contours, is much higher than that of ...

The melting of a solid represents a transition between a solid state in which atoms are localized about fixed average crystal lattice positions to a fluid state that is characterized by relative atomic disorder and particle mobility so that the atoms wander around the material as a whole, impelled by ...

The ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) is a relatively new method used to assess otolith-ocular pathways in humans. When elicited using air-conducted (AC) sound stimulation, the oVEMP is thought to reflect mostly saccular activation. However, it has been recently suggested that utricular afferents may also contribute to the AC ...

We present a novel method to perform accurate registration of 3-D non-rigid bodies, by using phase-shift properties of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT). Since the phases of DT-CWT coefficients change approximately linearly with the amount of feature displacement in the spatial domain, motion can be estimated using the phase ...

Thermotherapies can now be guided in real-time using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This technique is rapidly gaining importance in interventional therapies for abdominal organs such as liver and kidney. An accurate online estimation and characterization of organ displacement is mandatory to prevent misregistration and correct for motion related thermometry artifacts. ...

The photoconversion mechanism of a green/red sensory cyanobacteriochrome AnPixJ was studied. The phycocyanobilin-binding second GAF domain of AnPixJ of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The His-tagged AnPixJ-GAF2 domain exhibited photoconversion between the green- and red-absorbing forms, APg(543) and APr(648), respectively. We detected four intermediate states ...

BACKGROUND: Recent in vivo measurements show that the loads acting in the glenohumeral joint are high even during activities of daily living. Wheelchair users are frequently affected by shoulder problems. With previous musculoskeletal shoulder models, shoulder joint loading was mostly calculated during well-defined activities like forward flexion or abduction. For ...

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) have been employed in studying the structural information of various biological systems, particularly in systems without high-resolution structural information available. In this report, we briefly present some principles and biological applications of neutron scattering and DLS, compare the differences in information ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antiepileptic efficacy of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in medically intractable epilepsy. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed on articles published from 1990 to 2010 in Medline, Pubmed, CINAHL, and Cochrane using the following keywords: epilepsy, seizure, transcranial magnetic stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic ...

We report a single case study of a synesthete (PS) who has complex visual experiences from sounds, including human voices. Different vowel sounds from different speakers and modified to be of different pitch (f0) were presented to PS and controls who were asked to draw an (abstract) visual image of ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The human visual system responds asymmetrically to visual motion stimuli in opposite directions due to the involvement of the same brain areas but different operating processes. The expansion mode is thought to invoke a vigilance mechanism, whereas the contraction mode does not. METHODS: To investigate discrepancies between ...

Motion processing regions apart from V5+/MT+ are still relatively poorly understood. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to perform a detailed functional analysis of the recently described cingulate sulcus visual area (CSv) in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex. We used distinct types of visual motion stimuli to compare CSv ...

The von Tscharner (2000) "intensity analysis" describes the power of a non-stationary signal as a function of both frequency and time. The present study applied a version of this intensity analysis that utilizes Morlet wavelets as a means of gaining insight into the application of this technique as alternative to ...

Automated interpretation of clinical EEG recordings will reduce subjectivity and visual bias from analysis and can reduce the time required for interpretation. As a first step in the design of a fully automated system, a method is presented to characterize the main properties of the posterior dominant rhythm (PDR), in ...