Previous studies in primary dystonia suggested that abnormal oscillations of 5-18 Hz in the bilateral internal globus pallidus (GPi) may be a specific feature of dystonia.(1-3) Moreover, voluntary movements were associated with bilateral desynchronization of β (<30 Hz) and contralateral synchronization of γ (∼70 Hz) frequencies in the GPi.(2-4) We ...

A functional vestibular system is a prerequisite for motion sickness (MS) to occur. The otolithic organs (saccule and utricle) are currently considered to be important in the pathogenesis of MS. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) test is an objective evaluation of utricular function. ...

An active phase-controlling scheme based on a proportional-integral-derivative-controlled piezoelectric transducer is presented with the purpose of stabilizing a quasi-zero-background absorption spectrometer. A fiber-based balanced Michelson interferometer is used, and absorption due to a gas sample in one of its arms results in an increased light signal to a detector, which ...

Interferometric lithography (IL) is a powerful technique for the definition of large-area, nanometer-scale, periodically patterned structures. Patterns are recorded in a light-sensitive medium, such as a photoresist, that responds nonlinearly to the intensity distribution associated with the interference of two or more coherent beams of light. The photoresist patterns produced ...

Squamophis, a new genus of brittle star is described. Two species are included in the genus: Squamophis amamiensis (Okanishi & Fujita, 2009) from south-western Japan and Squamophis albozosteressp. n. from north-western Australia. Squamophisgen. n. is distinguished from the other genera of the family Asteroschematidae by the following characters: each radial ...

Kiwi are rare and strictly protected birds of iconic status in New Zealand. Yet, perhaps due to their unusual, nocturnal lifestyle, surprisingly little is known about their behaviour or physiology. In the present study, we exploited known correlations between morphology and physiology in the avian inner ear and brainstem to ...

Because visual predation occurs day and night, many predators must have good night vision. Prey therefore exhibit antipredator behaviours in very dim light. In the field, the giant Australian cuttlefish (Sepia apama) assumes camouflaged body patterns at night, each tailored to its immediate environment. However, the question of whether cuttlefish ...

Foragers of the Japanese honeybee (Apis cerana japonica) were attracted by flowers of an oriental orchid (Cymbidium floribundum) and were observed to carry the pollinia on their scutella. After the removal of pollinia from the flowers, their labial color changed from white to reddish brown. Both artificial removal of pollinia ...

The observed pattern of variation in heart rate indicates biotic patterns that change in time as portrayed by the variable morphology of recurrence plots (temporal complexity) as well as by diversification and novelty.

Fast frequency-guided sequential demodulation (FFSD) for demodulating a single closed-fringe pattern is proposed as an improvement of frequency-guided sequential demodulation (FSD). Instead of using optimization to estimate the local frequencies for determining the sign of the phase, the FFSD estimates the local frequencies by directly calculating the gradient of the ...

The linear output of lateral photovoltage (LPV) with light position is the main feature of conventional lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE), which can be used to detect small displacement. In this study, we report a novel oscillating LPE in a surface-patterned metal-semiconductor structure, which can be well manipulated by the metal ...

Bloodstain pattern analysis can provide insight into a sequence of events associated with a violent crime. However, bloodstain pattern analysis can be confounded by the feeding activity of blow flies. We conducted two laboratory experiments to investigate the relationships between Lucilia sericata (green bottle fly) and Calliphora vicina (blue bottle ...

P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) systems typically use a row/column (RC) approach. This article presents a P300 BCI based on a 12 × 7 matrix and new paradigmatic approaches to flashing characters designed to decrease the number of flashes needed to identify a target character. Using an RC presentation, a 12 × 7 matrix requires ...

Accounts of subjective randomness suggest that people consider a stimulus random when they cannot detect any regularities characterizing the structure of that stimulus. We explored the possibility that the regularities people detect are shaped by the statistics of their natural environment. We did this by testing the hypothesis that people's ...

We developed a method for immobilization of biomolecules onto thiol functionalized surfaces according to UV diffraction patterns. UV light-assisted molecular immobilization proceeds through the formation of free, reactive thiol groups that can bind covalently to thiol reactive surfaces. We demonstrate that, by shaping the pattern of the UV light used ...

A method for the direct patterning of 1-alkynes onto hydrogen-terminated silicon is presented. It combines microcontact printing with illumination through the stamp, and results in the formation of an alkenyl monolayer. The formation of heterogeneous monolayers is demonstrated by subsequent backfilling.

This paper explores five examples of envy, examining the similarities and differences between the clinical situations. The theory relating to envy is extensively reviewed and a critique of the Kleinian position is offered, suggesting that the aversion to separation and difference is not only prior to, but also has explanatory ...

Structured light illumination by means of phase shifting patterns is a widely employed method for three-dimensional (3-D) image acquisition that is robust to ambient light and object albedo but may be especially susceptible to sensor and environment noise. In this paper, we study the specific technique of phase measuring profilometry ...

In this study, a patterned ZnO nanorod array was formed on the ITO layer of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), to increase the light extraction efficiency of the LED. The bi-layer imprinted resin pattern was used for selective growth of the ZnO nanorod array on the ITO layer. Compared to conventional ...

Camouflage is the primary defense behavior in cephalopods. It is known that cuttlefish immediately after hatching are capable of showing various body patterns for concealing themselves, however recent studies suggest that maturation of camouflage body patterns is faster for cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) reared in enriched environments than those reared in ...

Structured-light illumination is a process of three-dimensional imaging where a series of time-multiplexed, striped patterns are projected onto a target scene with the corresponding captured images used to determine surface shape according to the warping of the projected patterns around the target. In a real-time system, a high-speed projector/camera pair ...

In this study, we investigated the emergence of spatial self-organized patterns on intertidal flats, resulting from the interaction between biological and geomorphological processes. Autocorrelation analysis of aerial photographs revealed that diatoms occur in regularly spaced patterns consisting of elevated hummocks alternating with water-filled hollows. Hummocks were characterized by high diatom ...

This study exposed 8 Enteroctopus dofleini separately to 2 unfamiliar individual humans over a 2-week period under differing circumstances. One person consistently fed the octopuses and the other touched them with a bristly stick. Each human recorded octopus body patterns, behaviors, and respiration rates directly after each treatment. At the ...

We propose a high-speed projection system that is able to project statistical speckle patterns at a rate of 500Hz. Its purpose is to generate structured light for a real-time photogrammetry stereo vision setup. As conventional digital light projector (DLP) projection setups are limited in their maximum projection rate to 250Hz ...

We develop light-driven optoelectronic tweezers based on the organic photoconductive material titanium oxide phthalocyanine. These tweezers function based on negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP). The dynamic manipulation of a single microparticle and cell patterning are demonstrated by using this light-driven optoelectronic DEP chip. The adaptive light patterns that drive the optoelectronic DEP ...

External forcing can greatly affect the evolution of Turing patterns in reaction-diffusion (RD) media. Here, we employ spatially periodic illumination in a photosensitive RD system to create Turing structures that are repetitive in one direction. We then study their relaxation in the absence of light. These unforced, fishbonelike configurations undergo ...

Chimera states are a recently new discovered dynamical phenomenon that appears in arrays of nonlocally coupled oscillators and displays a spatial pattern of coherent and incoherent regions. We report here an additional feature of this dynamical regime: an irregular motion of the position of the coherent and incoherent regions, i.e., ...

A new method for direct patterning of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microstructures is developed by taking advantage of photorefractive effect in a functionalized substrate. Here we show that when a x-cut Iron doped Lithium Niobate (LN) crystal is exposed to appropriate structured laser light, a charge density pattern builds-up in the crystal ...

Semiconductor nanowires have potential applications in photovoltaics, batteries, and thermoelectrics. We report a top-down fabrication method that involves the combination of superionic-solid-state-stamping (S4) patterning with metal-assisted-chemical-etching (MacEtch), to produce silicon nanowire arrays with defined geometry and optical properties in a manufacturable fashion. Strong light emission in the entire visible and ...

A recent study shows that our ability to discriminate the orientation of a visual pattern improves if the pattern appears larger.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research often attributes blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variance to measurement-related confounds. However, what is typically considered "noise" variance in data may be a vital feature of brain function. We examined fMRI signal variability during fixation baseline periods, and then compared SD- and mean-based spatial ...

After prolonged viewing of a slowly drifting or rotating pattern under strict fixation, the pattern appears to slow down and then momentarily stop. Here we examine the relationship between such 'motion fading' and perceived angular velocity. Using several different dot patterns that generate emergent virtual contours, we demonstrate that whenever ...

A novel dual-frequency pattern is developed which combines a high-frequency sinusoid component with a unit-frequency sinusoid component, where the high-frequency component is used to generate robust phase information, and the unit-frequency component is used to reduce phase unwrapping ambiguities. With our proposed pattern scheme, phase unwrapping can overcome the major ...

Properties of prey sensory systems are important factors shaping the design of signals generated by organisms exploiting them. In this study we assessed how prey sensory preference affected the exploiter signal design by investigating the evolutionary relationship and relative attractiveness of linear and cruciate form web decorations built by Argiope ...

Chlandi patterns will be demonstrated using sand on a plate and an air acoustic source. As the source frequency is changed, different nodal patterns will become evident on the plate. In this manner, the different vibrational modes of the plate can be qualitatively determined.

Nanocrystalline Si/SiO(2) multilayers-based electroluminescent devices were prepared on nano-patterned p-Si substrates which were fabricated by nano-sphere lithography technique. The formed nano-patterned substrate contains periodic Si nano-cone arrays with the height of 80 approximately 95 nm and the diameter around 220 nm. The turn-on voltage of the luminescent device prepared on ...

Cuttlefish and other cephalopods achieve dynamic background matching with two general classes of body patterns: uniform (or uniformly stippled) patterns and mottle patterns. Both pattern types have been described chiefly by the size scale and contrast of their skin components. Mottle body patterns in cephalopods have been characterized previously as ...

BACKGROUND: The guinea-pig proximal colon contains semi-solid feces which are propelled by intermittent neural peristaltic waves to the distal colon, where solid pellets are formed. Between propulsive periods, complex motor patterns underlie fluid re-absorption and mixing of contents. METHODS: Spatio-temporal analysis of video recordings were used to investigate neural and ...

To determine the most commonly used manual wheelchair propulsion pattern by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to assess which factors influence the preference. Sixty manual wheelchair users with MS from an MS outpatient rehabilitation centre in Northern Italy were assessed on upper limb range of motion and trunk stability ...

Psychophysical visual field asymmetries are widely documented and have been attributed to anatomical anisotropies both at the retinal and cortical levels. This debate on whether such differences originate within the retina itself or are due to higher visual processing may be illuminated if concomitant anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical measures are ...

Geographical and temporal trends in echolocation clicking activity can lead to insights into the foraging and migratory behaviors of pelagic dolphins. Using autonomous acoustic recording packages, the geographical, diel, and seasonal patterns of Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) echolocation click activity are described for six locations in the Southern California Bight ...

Sinusoidal modulation of radial speed around a circular path of tangentially oriented Gabor patches results in the percept of modulation of the radius. These patterns have been called motion radial frequency (RF) patterns. Sensitivity to these patterns has been attributed to global summation of local speed by mechanisms, analogous to ...

BACKGROUND: Bacterial bodies (colonies) can develop complex patterns of color and structure. These patterns may arise as a result of both colony-autonomous developmental and regulatory processes (self-patterning) and environmental influences, including those generated by neighbor bodies. We have studied the interplay of intra-colony signaling (self-patterning) and inter-colony influences in related ...

Amblyopic humans are known to have a range of spatial vision abnormalities. Prior studies have documented amblyopic deficits in global form perception but have typically used only one set of stimulus parameters. Our aim in this study was to examine the extent and nature of global form perception deficits in ...

Research suggests that detection of low-frequency radial frequency (RF) patterns involves global shape processing and that points of maximum curvature (corners) contribute more than points of minimum curvature (sides). However, this has only been tested with stimuli presented at the threshold of discriminability from a circle. We used RF pattern ...

Breathing and swallowing coordination, despite the expressive number of study, remain as theme deserving further research. To identify a coordination pattern between swallowing and the natural breathing pause that occur in association with it (swallowing apnea) and also the relevance of the vocal folds closure in this process. Sixty-six adults, ...

ABSTRACT: Zebrafish are a powerful system for studying the early embryonic events that form the skull and face, as a model for human craniofacial birth defects such as cleft palate. Signaling pathways that pattern the pharyngeal arches (which contain skeletal precursors of the palate, as well as jaws and gills) ...

What qualifies a neural representation for a role in subjective experience? Previous evidence suggests that the duration and intensity of the neural response to a sensory stimulus are factors. We introduce another attribute--the reproducibility of a pattern of neural activity across different episodes--that predicts specific and measurable differences between conscious ...

A simple method to mask hydrophobically porous templates for patterned nanorod growth is described. Patterning was achieved by treating the template with an alkylsilane to render the pores hydrophobic, followed by irradiation with UV light to selectively degrade the alkyl siloxyl coating in the illuminated regions to produce a template ...

OBJECTIVES: To classify propulsion patterns over surfaces encountered in the natural environment during start-up and compare selected biomechanical variables between pattern types. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: National Veterans Wheelchair Games, Minneapolis, MN, 2005. PARTICIPANTS: Manual wheelchair users (N=29). INTERVENTION: Subjects pushed their wheelchairs from a resting position over high-pile carpet, ...