We present an ultra broadband thin-film infrared absorber made of saw-toothed anisotropic metamaterial. Absorbtivity of higher than 95% at normal incidence is supported in a wide range of frequencies, where the absorption bandwidth-to-central-frequency ratio is about 86%. Such property is retained well at a very wide range of incident angles ...

The force application period is a modifiable factor in root resorption. There is still ambiguity if the continuity of force application is advantageous in terms of root resorption and tooth movement. In this prospective randomized clinical trial, we compared the effects of 2 reactivation periods of controlled-intermittent and continuous forces ...

Tricuspid valve (TV) leaflets, papillary muscles (PM), and tendinous chords must work together to ensure proper coaptation. Alterations in valvular mechanics, including chordal forces, may lead to improper coaptation resulting in tricuspid regurgitation. Little is known about TV mechanics as right-sided heart diseases have been overlooked. We sought to fill ...

Electrically driven gallium movement in carbon nanotubes is discussed. A higher current (∼15 mA) makes the gallium migrate sharply toward the anode, which increases its mass transport speed with time in the range of 0 to more than 10.345 fg s(-1). In contrast, a lower current (∼2 mA) only drives gallium to contact the ...

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) prior to step execution are thought to be immutable once released. Here we challenge this assumption by testing whether APAs can be modified online if a body perturbation occurs during execution. Two directions of perturbation (resisting and assisting) relative to the body weight transfer were used ...

It is commonplace for people involved in recreational weight training to limit squat depth in order to lift heavier loads. This study compares differences in movement kinetics when squatting in the full range of motion (FROM) versus partial range of motion (PROM). Ten males with a one-year minimum of resistance ...

Background: Research into bleaching focuses on new products in order to minimize undesirable effects. This study evaluated the bleaching effectiveness of a new enzymatic-activated dentifrice. Materials and methods: A total of 20 volunteers were bleached with a dentifrice containing 5% lactoperoxidase and 3% carbamide peroxide applied three times a day ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of isometric internal and external rotation at various degrees of shoulder abduction on the acromiohumeral distance (AHD). DESIGN: This was a prospective study that used a within-subject repeated-measures design and randomization of independent variables. Data from 29 of 58 (40 women, 18 ...

This study compared differences between ballistic jump squat (B) and non-ballistic back squat (NB) force, velocity, power and relative acceleration duration, and the affect that the method used to identify the positive lifting phase had on these parameters. Ground reaction force (GRF) and barbell kinematics were recorded from 30 resistance ...

Using mutually modulated cross-gain modulation, Stokes optical frequency changes are converted into modulation phase changes with high sensitivity. In the slow-light transition regime, we demonstrate kilohertz sensitivity to the Stokes optical carrier frequency. The sensitivity is inversely proportional to the modulation frequency of the pump and Stokes beams.

The effect of temporal asymmetry on amplitude modulation detection was studied using sawtooth modulators with rising (ramped) or falling (damped) temporal envelopes within each period of modulation. For pure-tone carriers, damped modulation was more detectable than ramped modulation for a 5-kHz carrier (by a threshold difference of 3.2 dB on ...

Many of the drugs used for chemotherapy treatments are known to be ototoxic, and can result in permanent hearing threshold shifts. The degree of ototoxic damage can be influenced by many factors including dosage, duration of exposure, genetics, and coadministration with other ototoxic agents. Cisplatin is known for its ototoxic ...

Swinton, PA, Stewart, AD, Keogh, JWL, Agouris, I, and Lloyd, R. Kinematic and kinetic analysis of maximal velocity deadlifts performed with and without the inclusion of chain resistance. J Strength Cond Res 25(11): 3163-3714, 2011-The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the deadlift could be effectively incorporated with ...

An ultra-low-noise one-stage SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor amplifier was designed for cryogenic temperatures and a frequency range of 10 kHz-100 MHz. A noise temperature T(N) ≈ 1.4 K was measured at an ambient temperature of 4.2 K at frequencies between 100 kHz and 100 MHz for a source resistance of ...

Purpose.Environmentally-induced stress plays a significant role in retinal degeneration and blindness, both in animals and humans. Among such sources of stress, phototoxicity is well studied and has been shown to lead to photoreceptor-specific loss in a number of species. However, the vast majority of studies has been conducted in nocturnal, ...

Schnitzler, C, Brazier, T, Button, C, Seifert, L, and Chollet, D. Effect of velocity and added resistance on selected coordination and force parameters in front crawl. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The effect of (a) increasing velocity and (b) added resistance was examined on the stroke (stroke length, stroke ...

STRUCTURED ABSTRACT: Study Design. The effect of long rigid fixation on adjacent level hypermobility was investigated in a human cadaver model with and without a transitional posterior dynamic stabilization (PDS) device placed at the last caudal level.Objective. To evaluate if PDS devices are useful in the setting of scoliosis to ...

We report the first bis-imidazolium-containing rotaxane, synthesised via anion templated self-assembly. Its co-conformation is controlled by a chloride anion recognition mechanism, thus demonstrating the viability of this protocol as a stimulus for shuttling molecular motion.

Molecular processes in the frictional response of an alkanethiol monolayer, self-assembled on a Au(111) surface, are studied by means of high-resolution friction force microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum. With increasing load, three regimes are observed on defect-free domains of the monolayer: smooth sliding with negligible friction, regular molecular stick-slip motion with ...

This article reports an interesting link between the psychophysical property of intentional control of perceptual switching and the underlying neural activities. First, we revealed that the timing of perceptual switching for a dynamical dot quartet can be controlled by the observers' intention, without eye movement. However, there is a clear ...

To avoid collisions when navigating through cluttered environments, flying insects must control their flight so that their sensory systems have time to detect obstacles and avoid them. To do this, day-active insects rely primarily on the pattern of apparent motion generated on the retina during flight (optic flow). However, many ...

Mechanical tension plays a large role in cell development ranging from morphology to gene expression. On the molecular level, the effects of tension can be seen in the dynamic arrangement of membrane proteins as well as the recruitment and activation of intracellular proteins. Forces applied to biopolymers during in vitro ...

The marine ecosystem is governed by a multitude of environmental cycles, all of which are linked to the periodical recurrence of the sun or the moon. In accordance with these cycles, marine species exhibit a variety of biological rhythms, ranging from circadian and circatidal rhythms to circalunar and seasonal rhythms. ...

The essential switching frequency response characteristics of a low cost wireless power driving and controlling system for electrically tunable liquid crystal microlenses (ETLCMs) are obtained. The wireless power system is mainly composed of two coils with different radius and winding as well as a power metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor switch. ...

Individual recognition systems require the sender to be individually distinctive and the receiver to be able to perceive differences between individuals and react accordingly. Many studies have demonstrated that acoustic signals of almost any species contain individualized information. However, fewer studies have tested experimentally if those signals are used for ...

The study of macromolecular structure has become critical to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms and function. There are several limited, but important bioinstruments capable of testing the force dependence of structural features in proteins. Scale has been a limiting parameter on how accurately researchers can peer into the nanomechanical world ...

Unmarked sensitive detection of molecules is needed in environmental pollution monitoring, disease diagnosis, security screening systems and in many other situations in which a substance must be identified. When molecules are attached or adsorbed onto an interface, detecting their presence is possible using second harmonic light generation, because at interfaces ...

Colour vision depends on comparison of signals from photoreceptors with different spectral sensitivities. However, response properties of photoreceptor cells may differ in ways other than spectral tuning. In insects, for example, broadband photoreceptors, with a major sensitivity peak in the green region of the spectrum (>500 nm), drive fast visual ...

When a test is flashed on top of two superimposed, opposing motions, the perceived location of the test is shifted in opposite directions depending on which of the two motions is attended. Because the stimulus remains unchanged as attention switches from one motion to the other, the effect cannot be ...

Aim: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the kinetic frictional resistance offered by stainless steel and Titanium bracket used in combination with rectangular stainless steel wire during in vitro translatory displacement of brackets. Materials and methods: In this study. Brackets: (All brackets used had a torque of - ...

In 1612 the Bordeaux witchcraft inquisitor Pierre de Lancre (1556–1631), himself linked by marriage to Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592), revealed that the essayist and sceptic was related on his mother’s side to a leading authority on magic and superstition, the Flemish-Spanish Jesuit Martin Delrio (1551–1608). De Lancre confounded historians' expectations ...

In this paper, we present an approach to creating illustrations of molecular flexibility using normal mode analysis(NMA). The output of NMA is a collection of points corresponding to the locations of atoms and associated motion vectors, where a vector for each point is known. Our approach abstracts the complex object ...

In future, artificial molecular machines could enable the construction of intelligent materials or perform functions inside our body. We describe the role of light for the operation of molecular machines, and show the level of sophistication reached in their development by illustrating a few significant examples reported since the millennium.

The paper presents the design of a low-noise preamplifier dedicated for condenser measurement microphones used in high sensitivity applications, in which amplifier noise is the main factor limiting sensitivity of the measurements. In measurement microphone preamplifiers, the dominant source of noise at lower frequencies is the bias resistance of the ...

In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed that the forces that cause the random Brownian motion of a particle also underlie the resistance to macroscopic motion when a force is applied. This insight, of a coupling between fluctuation (stochastic behavior) and responsiveness (non-stochastic behavior), founded an important branch of physics. Here we ...

Recent developments in techniques for observing single molecules under light microscopes have helped reveal the mechanisms by which molecular machines work. A wide range of markers can be used to detect molecules, from single fluorophores to micron sized markers, depending on the research interest. Here, we present a new and ...

Biological rotary motors can alter their mechanical function by changing the direction of rotary motion. Achieving a similar reversal of direction of rotation in artificial molecular motors presents a fundamental stereochemical challenge: how to change from clockwise to anticlockwise motion without compromising the autonomous unidirectional rotary behaviour of the system. ...

In order to record multi-site electroretinogram (ERG) responses in isolated carp retinae, we utilized three-dimensional (3D), extracellular, 3.5-μm-diameter silicon (Si) probe arrays fabricated by the selective vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth method. Neural recordings with the Si microprobe exhibit low signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of recorded responses due to the high-electrical-impedance characteristics of ...

We investigate the possibility of exploiting the speed and low noise features of Josephson junctions for detecting sinusoidal signals masked by Gaussian noise. We show that the escape time from the static locked state of a Josephson junction is very sensitive to a small periodic signal embedded in the noise, ...

We measure the constant force required to melt double-stranded (ds) DNA as a function of length for lengths from 12 to 100 000 base pairs, where the force is applied to the 3'3' or 5'5' ends of the dsDNA. Molecules with 32 base pairs or fewer melt before overstretching. For these ...

A wireless immunosensor for the detection of Mycoplasma genitalium was fabricated by immobilizing polyclonal antibody onto the surface of a magnetostrictive strip. In response to a time-varying magnetic field, the immunosensor longitudinally vibrates at a resonance frequency, emitting magnetic flux that can be remotely detected by a pickup coil. No ...

We present here a comparison of different heteronuclear dipolar decoupling sequences at the moderate magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequency (ν(r)) of 30 kHz. The radio-frequency (RF) amplitude (ν₁) ranges from the low power (ν₁<ν(r)) to the high power regime (ν₁>2ν(r)) and includes the rotary resonance conditions (ν₁=nν(r)) where n=1, 2. For ...

We study stress-induced frequency shifts in a rotated Y-cut quartz resonator (theta = 23.7 degrees ) with degenerate fundamental thickness-shear modes when the biasing stress is not present. Using the recently derived perturbation procedure for degenerate frequencies in crystal resonators, we show that when a planar stress system is applied, ...

To create a system for the acquisition of multi-angle, multifrequency muscle impedance data. Device development and preliminary testing. The system presented here employs an interrogating signal composed of multiple tones with frequencies between 10 kHz and 300 kHz. The use of a composite signal makes possible measurement of impedance at ...

We fabricate a microfiber knot-type ring resonator with a Sagnac loop reflector, and control the light velocity using the device. In this structure, light is reflected by the Sagnac loop and passes through the ring resonator twice. Thus, it possesses doubled transmission and group delay comparing with the microfiber ring ...

We investigate the mechanical properties of cantilevered silver-gallium (Ag(2)Ga) nanowires using laser Doppler vibrometry. From measurements of the resonant frequencies and associated operating deflection shapes, we demonstrate that these Ag(2)Ga nanowires behave as ideal Euler-Bernoulli beams. Furthermore, radial asymmetries in these nanowires are detected through high resolution measurements of the ...

This study aimed to implement low-frequency forced oscillation technique (LFFOT) in neonatal total liquid ventilation (TLV) and to provide the first insight into respiratory impedance under this new modality of ventilation. Thirteen newborn lambs, weighing 2.5 + or - 0.4 kg (mean + or - SD), were premedicated, intubated, anesthetized, ...

We found that various charged nanoparticles (NPs) can raise the attenuation of electromagnetic (EM) radiation over 30 times more efficiently during resonance in comparison to equivalent noncharged particles for a given set of parameters. A condition that indicates a state of resonance between the incident EM radiation and the NP ...

Multicolour photochromism of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite material was found several years ago but its microscopic origin is still ambiguous. We study the initial stages of the effect of light exposure on extinction spectrum of this material prepared by photocatalytic technique. We propose a simple model to analyse the experimental data that ...

Circadian clocks are the internal time-keeping mechanisms for organisms to synchronize their cellular and physiological processes to the daily light/dark cycles. The molecular mechanisms underlying circadian clocks are remarkably similar in eukaryotes. Neurospora crassa, a filamentous fungus, is one of the best understood model organisms for circadian research. In recent ...