Title: Estimating the Impact of Off-Balancing Forces upon Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during Ambulance Transport INTRODUCTION: Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOH-CA) remains poor, especially when patients are transported with CPR in progress. Previous investigations suggest that CPR quality erodes during transport due to the austere environment. We sought to determine how ...

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Malarial parasite. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, from April to June 2010. Methodology: A total of 60 Leishman stained ...

OBJECT: High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides detailed metabolomic information from intact tissue. However, long acquisition times and high rotation speed may lead to time-dependent spectral pattern changes, which may affect proper interpretation of results. We report a strategy to minimize those changes, even at physiological recording ...

This study examined the influence of time gain on the visual-motor control of isometric force. Time gain denotes the spatial length on the computer screen representing the unit of elapsed time of the force output, through which the time properties of the visually perceived force output can be compressed or ...

The aim of the present work was to assess the influence of nutrition information format on attentional capture and consumers' understanding. Sixteen labels of two products (yoghurt and pan bread) were designed following a four 2-level factors full factorial design with the following variables: label background design, type of product, ...

Circadian timing largely modifies efficacy of many medicinal drugs. This viewpoint has been applied in the clinical medicine, known as chronotherapy. We think this viewpoint should also be introduced into toxicology as "chronotoxicology", however, information about the diurnal variation in toxicant sensitivity is still very scarce. We present here a ...

A novel light chopper system for fast timing experiments in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) and x-ray spectral region has been developed. It can be phase-locked and synchronized with a synchrotron radiation storage ring, accommodating repetition rates in the range of ∼8 to ∼120 kHz by choosing different sets of apertures and ...

The goal of this paper is to detect, describe and compare two heart rate (HR) conditions associated with high intensity efforts, but somewhat different in nature: the first one is indicated by HR values close to maximum heart reserve (MHRR), and the second is indicated by a marked increase in ...

Purpose: To evaluate the validity of a wheelchair frame-mounted accelerometer for the assessment of physical activity of wheelchair users. Method: Twelve collegiate wheelchair basketball players participated in this study. The study was conducted in a modern indoor gymnasium at a university in the USA. A randomized, crossover experimental design was ...

The main objective of this article is to implement and compare QRS subtraction techniques for intra-cardiac atrial electrograms based on using the surface ECG as a reference. A band-pass filter between 8 and 20 Hz followed by rectification, and then a low-pass filter at 6 Hz are used for QRS detection. QRS ...

Reconciled AV Nodal Conduction and Refractoriness. Introduction: The atrioventricular node (AV) node conducts slowly and filters atrial impulses. Puzzlingly, the recovery (conduction time vs atrial cycle length) and refractory curve (His bundle cycle length vs atrial cycle length) characterizing AV nodal function undergo disparate rate-dependent changes. We sought the functional ...

The current study reports on a number of heart rate responses observed in rats subjected to a discriminatory Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure. Rats learned that a series of six auditory pips was followed by a footshock when presented alone, but not when the pip series was preceded by a visual ...

Although systemic amyloidosis commonly presents with renal disease, cardiac involvement usually determines the patient's prognosis. Cardiac involvement is seen in light chain amyloid and transthyretin amyloidosis. Distinguishing between these two is critical because prognosis and treatment differ. Our study demonstrates the unreliability of transthyretin immunostaining in subtyping cardiac amyloid. Between ...

Several lines of evidence point to leucomyosuppressin (LMS) and myosuppressin-related peptides as inhibitory modulators of heartbeat frequency in arthropods. Previous studies in Blattella germanica demonstrated that heartbeat frequency decreases after ootheca formation, and remains low during the period of ootheca transport. Subsequent work in this cockroach resulted in the characterization ...

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT) have recently been recognized as important members in the carbon nanotube family because they are expected to have certain unique properties. For example, DWNTs are expected to replace single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in biomarker applications and optoelectronics if the observed luminescence from DWNTs can be ...

Objective  To determine the effect of ocular blinkers on driving horses' reactions to visual and audible stimuli. Design  Balanced crossover trial with horses randomly assigned to either wear blinkers or not wear blinkers first or second, then subjected to repeated sequences of four distinct stimuli (chain rattle, cap gun, umbrella ...

Optical mapping of cardiac propagation has traditionally been hampered by motion artifact, chiefly due to changes in photodetector-to-tissue registration as the heart moves. We have developed an optical mapping technique to simultaneously record electrical waves and mechanical contraction in isolated hearts. This allows removal of motion artifact from transmembrane potential ...

BACKGROUND: -After the recent cloning of light-sensitive ion channels and their expression in mammalian cells, a new field, optogenetics, emerged in neuroscience, allowing for precise perturbations of neural circuits by light. However, functionality of optogenetic tools has not been fully explored outside neuroscience; and a non-viral, non-embryogenesis based strategy for ...

As the dynamic properties of cardiac sarcomeres are markedly changed in response to a length change of even ~0.1 μm, it is imperative to quantitatively measure sarcomere length (SL). Here we show a novel system using quantum dots (QDs) that enables a real-time measurement of the length of a single ...

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurs due to disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles. This leads to rapid uncoordinated contractions of the ventricles and sudden cardiac death if not treated within minutes of its occurrence. The mechanism of VF initiation and maintenance is still elusive, however the mother rotor and multiple wavelet ...

The frequency of adverse cardiovascular events is greater in the morning compared to its 24-hour average. A circadian variation in the regulation of the cardiovascular system could contribute to this increased cardiovascular risk in the morning. Indeed, circadian rhythms have been shown for a wide array of physiological processes. Using ...

In order to keep a healthy body it is very important to have balanced energy expenditure (EE). The proposed system utilized the phonocardiogram (PCG) and motion from the user to generate the heart rate. The heart rate has been deemed as a very reliable index to estimate the EE of ...

A wearable, multi-modal sensor is presented that can non-invasively monitor a patient's activity level and heart function concurrently for more than a week. The 4in(2) sensor incorporates both a non-contact heartrate sensor and a 5-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU), allowing simultaneous heart, respiration, and movement monitoring without requiring physical contact ...

Cardiac auscultation has proven to be an excellent diagnostic tool. Heart sound processing algorithms are not completely robust in the presence of noise, requiring clean segments of heart sounds to extract reliable diagnostic features. This paper presents a new approach to detect transient noises mixed with heart sound. The algorithm ...

Heart rate variability (HRV) may provide anesthesiologists with a noninvasive tool for monitoring nociception during general anesthesia. A novel wavelet transform cardiores-piratory coherence (WTCRC) algorithm has been developed to calculate estimates of the linear coupling between heart rate and respiration. WTCRC values range from 1 (high coherence, no nociception) to ...

Current cardiac surgery faces the challenging problem of heart beating motion even with the help of mechanical stabilizer which makes delicate operation on the heart surface difficult. Motion compensation methods for robotic-assisted beating heart surgery have been proposed recently in literature, but research on force control for such kind of ...

Chloroplasts change their intracellular positions in response to their light environment. Under darkness, chloroplasts assume special positions that are different from those under light conditions. Here, we analyzed chloroplast dark positioning using Adiantum capillus-veneris gametophyte cells. When chloroplasts were transferred into darkness, during the first 1-5 h, they moved towards the ...

We present the EEG findings in a two-year-old girl with cryptogenic localisation-related epilepsy. The electroencephalogram showed fronto-temporal spike-wave discharges. In addition, the EEG repeatedly showed activity at different electrodes consisting of spikes with varying amplitude, rhythmicity and frequency, mimicking polyspikes. Both low- and high-amplitude spikes were generated from the same ...

Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback is a self-regulation strategy used to improve conditions including asthma, stress, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory muscle function affects hemodynamic influences on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and HRV and HRV-biofeedback protocols often include slow abdominal breathing to achieve physiologically optimal patterns of HRV ...

The inertial migration of a two-dimensional elastic capsule in a Poiseuille flow was studied over the Reynolds number range 1 ⩽ Re ⩽ 100. The lateral migration velocity, slip velocity, and the deformation and inclination angle of the capsule were investigated by varying the lateral position, Reynolds number, capsule-to-channel size ...

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is being utilized to investigate mechanical properties ofcardiac tissue. The underlying physiological motion, however, presents a major challenge. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of various physiological motion filters using in vivo canine data with a simulated ARFI push pulse. Ideally, the motion ...

The extent to which an animal is affected by the pain or distress of a conspecific will depend on its capacity for empathy. Empathy most probably evolved to facilitate parental care, so the current study assessed whether birds responded to an aversive stimulus directed at their chicks. Domestic hens were ...

Purpose.  Flickering stimuli increase the metabolic demand of the retina, making it a sensitive perimetric stimulus to the early onset of retinal disease. We determine whether flickering stimuli are a sensitive indicator of vision deficits resulting from acute, mild systemic hypoxia when compared to standard static perimetry. Methods.  Static and ...

Reasons for performing study: Recent research indicates that the digital joints experience some degree of extrasagittal motion during stance and that the moments under the hoof are asymmetric in horses walking in a straight line. On a circle, these have not been defined. Objectives: To quantify the amplitude and symmetry ...

The perception of speech and music requires processing of variations in spectra and amplitude over different time intervals. Near-term fetuses can discriminate acoustic features, such as frequencies and spectra, but whether they can process complex auditory streams, such as speech sequences and more specifically their temporal variations, fast or relatively ...

The development of bilateral symmetry during the evolution of species probably 600 million years ago brought about several important innovations: It fostered efficient locomotion, streamlining and favored the development of a central nervous system through cephalization. However, to increase their functional capacities, many organisms exhibit chirality by breaking their superficial ...

Aristolochiaceae have been described as having seeds with underdeveloped embryos and morphological or morphophysiological dormancy. Aristolochia galeata is a native climber found in the Cerrado biome, associated with road and gallery forest edges. The aims of this study were to investigate: embryo growth rate, morphology and seed germination parameters under ...

The heart integrates neuroregulatory messages into specific bands of frequency, such that the overall amplitude spectrum of the cardiac output reflects the variations of the autonomic nervous system. This modulatory mechanism seems to be well adjusted to the unpredictability of the cardiac demand, maintaining a proper cardiac regulation. A longstanding ...

Morphogenesis requires the spatial and temporal control of embryo mechanics, including force production and mechanical resistance to those forces, to coordinate tissue deformation and large-scale movements. Thus, biomechanical processes play a key role in directly shaping the embryo. Additional roles for embryo mechanics during development may include the patterning of ...

The development of circadian rhythmicity of melatonin biosynthesis in the pineal gland starts during embryonic period in birds while it is delayed to the postnatal life in mammals. Daily rhythms of melatonin in isolated pinealocytes and in intact pineal glands under in vivo conditions were demonstrated during the last third ...

We propose a technique to represent a pathological pattern as a deviation from normality along a manifold structure. Each subject is represented by a map of local motion abnormalities, obtained from a statistical atlas of motion built from a healthy population. The algorithm learns a manifold from a set of ...

Objective. Wall-motion abnormality on echocardiogram is more sensitive in detecting cardiac ischemia than the electrocardiogram, but the use of bedside echocardiography by emergency physicians (EPs) for this purpose does not appear to be widespread, apparently due to limited data on proficiency of EPs for this task. We sought to determine ...

We investigate the effect of beat-to-beat variability on cardiac contractility. Cardiac trabeculae were isolated from the right ventricle of rabbits and beagle dogs and stimulated to isometrically contract, alternating between fixed steady state versus variable interbeat intervals. Trabeculae were stimulated at physiologically relevant frequencies for each species (dog 1 and ...

The absence of tools for mapping the forces that drive morphogenetic movements in embryos has impeded our understanding of animal development. Here we describe a unique approach, video force microscopy (VFM), that allows detailed, dynamic force maps to be produced from time-lapse images. The forces at work in an embryo ...

Electric stimuli can prosthetically excite auditory nerve fibers to partially restore sensory function to individuals impaired by profound or severe hearing loss. While basic response properties of electrically stimulated auditory nerve fibers (ANF) are known, responses to complex, time-changing stimuli used clinically are inadequately understood. We report that forward-masker pulse ...

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) guards discriminate nestmates from non-nestmates at the hive entrance. The acceptance threshold of guards is known to change adaptively, for example becoming less permissive when the number of intruder bees from other colonies increases. These adaptive shifts can occur within minutes. What is unknown is the ...

For a flickering light with two or more frequency components, the temporal envelope of the flickering light is perceived, although there is no frequency component at the frequency of the envelope. To address the processing of the temporal envelope, we compared cortical responses to the envelope of amplitude-modulated (AM) flickering ...

Animals vary greatly in their tendency to consume large meals. Yet, whether or how meal size influences fitness in wild populations is infrequently considered. Using a predator exclusion, mark-recapture experiment, we estimated selection on the amount of food accepted during an ad libitum feeding bout (hereafter termed 'satiation threshold') in ...

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems allow people to send messages or commands without moving, and hence can provide an alternative communication and control channel for people with limited motor function. In this study, we demonstrate a BCI system for orthosis control. Our BCI was asynchronous, meaning that subjects could move the ...

In complex plasmas, the trapped dust particle cloud is often characterized by a central dust-free region ("void"). The void induces a spatial inhomogeneity of the dust particle distribution and is at the origin of many intricate unstable phenomena. One type of this kind of behavior is the so-called heartbeat instability ...