Weed flora in a crop rotation of spring barley, spring rape and spring wheat was studied under reduced spring-time tillage. The field experiment was carried out on a light loamy Endocalcari - EndohypogWeed flora in a crop rotation of spring barley, spring rape and spring wheat was studied under reduced ...

We observed an anomaly in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with exposure to terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA) Radiofrequency Fields (RF). Here, we characterize the time and frequency components of the anomaly and demonstrate that it is an artefact caused by TETRA RF interfering with the EEG recording equipment and not ...

PURPOSE: In children, time spent outdoors has a protective effect against myopia development. In animal models, bright light reduces the development of experimental myopia. This study investigates how an increase in daily light exposure, presented either continuously during the day or periodically at different times of day, influences the development ...

BACKGROUND: Disinfection of the intraluminal space of single-lumen polymer tubes can be obtained by ultraviolet C (UVC) light exposure from an external light source. In existing catheters UVC disinfection is hampered by the design of the catheter hub and tube connector. AIM: To demonstrate that it is possible to design ...

We assessed intermanual transfer of the proprioceptive realignment aftereffects of prism adaptation in right-handers by examining alternate target pointing with the two hands for 40 successive trials, 20 with each hand. Adaptation for the right hand was not different as a function of exposure sequence order or postexposure test order, ...

Changes of neural activity in animal models have been correlated with tinnitus in humans. For instance, increased spontaneous firing rates (SFR), increased spontaneous neural synchrony, and cortical tonotopic map reorganization may underlie this phantom auditory percept. The aim of this study is to quantify the changes in SFR activity in ...

Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that children who spend more time outdoors are less likely to be, or to become myopic, irrespective of how much near work they do, or whether their parents are myopic. It is currently uncertain if time outdoors also blocks progression of myopia. It has been suggested ...

Temporary threshold shift (TTS) after loud noise exposure was investigated in a male and a female beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). The thresholds were evaluated using the evoked-potential technique, which allowed for threshold tracing with a resolution of ~1 min. The fatiguing noise had a 0.5 octave bandwidth, with center frequencies ...

The Waveform and Sonicboom Perception and Response (WSPR) Program conducted a field study relating subjective response to noise from multiple low-amplitude sonic booms. The team was led by Wyle and included researchers from Penn State, Tetra Tech, and Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. The test exposed residents in the Edwards Air Force ...

The Waveform and Sonicboom Perception and Response (WSPR) Program conducted a field study of subjective response to noise from multiple low-amplitude sonic booms. The team was led by Wyle and included researchers from Penn State, Tetra Tech and Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. The test exposed residents in the Edwards Air Force ...

Impulse-like sounds with high peak pressure levels emitted by percussion instruments often occur in music. The potentially harmful effect to the inner ear caused by these sounds is not fully understood. Solely the physical description of impulses like peak pressure level, etc. is not considered meaningful enough to assess their ...

It is widely believed that the neural patterns of temporal coding within the auditory periphery and CNS change following cochlear hearing loss, and a number of recent studies have aimed to more fully understand and characterize these changes. In these studies, noise exposure has been a common method for inducing ...

In this paper, we show the measurement results of the engine sounds of small boats that cruise in a canal. The canal that is called an Toyosu canal is in the residential area in Tokyo in Japan. It is a canal with the role of the waterway traffic in Tokyo. ...

The goal of many underwater acoustic environmental assessments is to characterize the soundscape in an area before, during, or after an anthropogenic activity. The assessment determines the range of baseline noise levels from natural and anthropogenic sources and the contribution of the new anthropogenic activity. The noise levels are considered ...

Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) use ultrasonic vocal communication in frequency range of 22-45 kHz. However, hearing threshold of this frequency range reported has been very high, which is not suited for vocal communication. We examined possible active amplification created by the outer hair cells for frequency range of 22-45 kHz. ...

There is currently a lack of measure to describe airborne sound insulation in terms of subjective evaluation of noise annoyance. With a given sound insulation value, different kinds of sound signals could produce rather different hearing sensation levels. Physical noise measurements to describe airborne sound insulation often cannot solve problems ...

The last section of the CSA Standard CAN/CSA-Z107.56-06 (R2011)-Procedures for the Measurement of Occupational Noise Exposure-deals with communication headsets. This section is typically applied in retail, call centers, airport control towers, and other settings where an operator is exposed to background noise while communicating with a headset. Because the user ...

A series of Gaussian and non-Gaussian equal energy noise exposures were designed with the objective of establishing the extent to which the kurtosis statistic could be used to grade the severity of noise trauma produced by the exposures. Here, 225 chinchillas distributed in 29 groups, with 6 to 8 animals ...

This paper is geared toward wind-turbine sound, but it is really a simple variation on the basic concepts that this author used in the development of loudness-level-weighted sound exposure (Schomer et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110(5, Pt. 1), 2390-2397 (2001)] and of Rating Noise Curves (RNC) [Schomer, Noise Control ...

Previous work [Zahorik et al., POMA, 15, 050002 (2012)] has reported that for both broadband and narrowband noise carrier signals in a simulated reverberant sound field, human sensitivity to amplitude modulation (AM) is higher than would be predicted based on the acoustical modulation transfer function (MTF) of the listening environment. ...

Hearing protectors are used as a "last line of defence" to protect people in high noise exposure environments from noise induced hearing loss. The assessment of hearing protector performance has been standardized to ensure a minimum level of performance for the end user. In New Zealand, the standard AS/NZS 1270 ...

This study examined the effect of myopic defocus on visual acuity (VA) over time, with attention being paid to the first point at which blur adaptation had a significant and measurable effect on defocused VA. Visual acuity was sampled at a higher rate than previous studies in order to assess ...

PURPOSE: We systematically investigated the effect of repeated exposure on both detection and reported awareness of visual stimuli presented deep within the field defect of 5 hemianopic patients. METHODS: Both an objective measure of sensitivity (detection in a temporal two-alternative forced-choice paradigm) and subjective reports of awareness were recorded on ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate retina and optic nerve damage following experimental blast injury. METHODS: Healthy adult mice were exposed to an over-pressure blast wave using a custom-built blast chamber. The effects of blast exposure on retina and optic nerve function and structure were evaluated using the pattern electroretinogram (pERG), spectral domain ...

Repetitive lifting is associated with an increased risk of occupational low back disorders, yet potential adverse effects of such exposure on trunk mechanical and neuromuscular behaviours were not well described. Here, 12 participants, gender balanced, completed 40 min of repetitive lifting in all combinations of three flexion angles (33, 66, and ...

We developed a novel aerosol-mediated drug delivery system for inner ear therapy by using a silicon-based multiple-Fourier horn nozzle. Intratympanic aerosol (ITA) methylprednisolone (MP) delivery can protect hearing after acoustic trauma. The highest concentration of MP (38.9 ± 5.47 ppm) appeared at 2 h and declined rapidly within 10 h. ...

BACKGROUND: Sedentary time has been found to be independently associated with poor health and mortality. Further, a greater proportion of the workforce is now employed in low activity occupations such as office work. To date, there is no research that specifically examines the contribution of sedentary work to overall sedentary ...

The effects of photoperiod, light intensity, and their interaction on blood acid-base balance, metabolites, and electrolytes in broiler chickens under environmentally controlled conditions were examined in 2 trials. A 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was used in this study. In each trial, all treatment ...

To explore the possible determinants of bilateral audiometric notches in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Prospectively enrolled cohort with cross-sectional analysis. Male workers (n = 412) with exposure to continuous loud noise (noise exposure level normalized to a nominal 8-hour working day >75 dBA) during work were included in this cohort ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the phototoxic effects of blue light exposure on periodontal pathogens in both planktonic and biofilm cultures. Strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, in planktonic or biofilm states, were exposed to visible light at wavelengths of 400.520 nm. A quartz-tungsten-halogen ...

A new method is described for automatically quantifying repetitive hand activity with the use of digital video processing. The hand activity level (HAL) is widely used for evaluating repetitive hand work. Conventional methods involving either a trained observer on- or off-site or manual off-site video analysis are often considered inaccurate, ...

The present study focused on exploring the current level of hearing protection and subsequently determined the prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss among casting and forging industry workers. The casting and forging industry provides employment to a significant portion of the population. The level of hearing protection was assessed through ...

Some microalgae are sensitive to light intensity gradients. This property is known as phototaxis: The algae swim toward a light source (positive phototaxis). We use this property to control the motion of microalgae within a Poiseuille flow using light. The combination of flow vorticity and phototaxis results in a concentration ...

A small percentage of retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) express melanopsin and are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). Whether light can affect the development of ipRGCs is not clear. In the rat retina, we found constant light exposure during the first postnatal week significantly increased the number of melanopsin immunopositive ipRGCs. ...

The present study reviewed the modular approach in adaptive motor control by taking cognitive efficiency into account. Three experiments were conducted to compare different visuomotor learning mechanisms (modular adaptation, use-dependent plasticity, and spatial realignment) in response to visuomotor rotations. During exposure, the visual feedback of flicking movements in a single-target ...

Light has an acute effect on neuroendocrine responses, performance, and alertness. Most studies to date have linked the alerting effects of light to its ability to suppress melatonin, which is maximally sensitive to short-wavelength light. Recent studies, however, have shown alerting effects of white or narrowband short-wavelength lights during daytime, ...

The interactive effects of contaminants and ultraviolet light (UV)-exposure on the incidence and types of abnormalities observed were measured in newly metamorphosed cane toads (Rhinella marina) from four Bermuda ponds contaminated with petrochemicals and metals. Abnormalities were compared in toadlets that were field-collected, reared in predator exclusion cages, reared in ...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between noise exposure and cardiovascular events. However, there have been few studies of possible underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between individual day-time noise exposure and heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: In a prospective panel study in Augsburg, Germany (March 2007-December 2008), 110 ...

We investigated the cardio-autonomic and psychological effects of colored light cycling with the wavelength of ultradian rhythms. In two consecutive experiments, an explorative, longitudinal test followed by a randomized crossover design, 20 healthy subjects each were exposed to oscillating red, green and blue light. Heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) ...

OBJECTIVES: The effect modifying impact of annoyance due to aircraft noise and road traffic noise on the relationships between the aircraft noise level and road traffic noise level on the prevalence of hypertension was investigated in 4861 subjects of the HYENA study (HYpertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports). METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate listening habits and hearing risks associated with the use of personal listening devices among urban high school students in Malaysia. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. METHODS: In total, 177 personal listening device users (13-16 years old) were interviewed to elicit their listening habits (e.g. listening duration, volume ...

This study explores the effect of continuous exposure to bright light on neuromelanin formation and dopamine neuron survival in the substantia nigra. Twenty-one days after birth, Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into groups and raised under different conditions of light exposure. At the end of the irradiation period, rats were ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine, in a field study circadian phase changes associated with two different light-dark exposures patterns, one that was congruent with a phase advanced sleep schedule and one that was incongruent with an advanced schedule. METHODS: Twenty-one adults (mean age±standard deviation=22.5±3.9years; 11 women) participated in the 12day study. After ...

Temporary threshold shift (TTS) was measured in two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) after exposure to 16-s tones between 3 and 80 kHz to examine the effects of exposure frequency on the onset, growth, and recovery of TTS. Hearing thresholds were measured approximately one-half octave above the exposure frequency using a behavioral ...

Multiple noise measurements were taken on 6 types of fire station equipment and 15 types of emergency response vehicle-related equipment used by firefighters during routine and emergency operations at 10 fire stations. Five of the six types of fire station equipment, when measured at a distance of one meter and ear ...

Many amateur musicians are likely to be exposed to high sound levels during rehearsals. Measuring otoacoustic emissions (OAE) is an objective technique to assess hearing ability and can be used as an early predictor of hearing loss. This study aimed to record sound levels at an amateur brass band rehearsal ...

Abstract The urge to gamble is a psychological, physiological, and emotional state involved in the maintenance of pathological gambling. The ability of repeated exposure to a virtual gambling environment to modify the urge to gamble and perceived self-efficacy (PSE) is investigated. Ten video lottery players move throughout a virtual bar ...

Many human subjects suffering from chronic tinnitus also suffer from hyperacusis, a heightened perception of loudness at moderate to intense sound levels. While numerous studies suggest that animals develop chronic tinnitus following intense noise exposure, it is not yet clear whether sound exposure also induces chronic hyperacusis-like responses in animals. ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize the threshold duration of exposure needed to elicit an asthmatic reaction during specific inhalation challenges (SIC) with various occupational agents and to determine the duration of exposure that should be completed before the test can be considered negative. METHODS: This retrospective ...

The utility of visible-light-mediated polymerization in tissue engineering has been limited due to the necessary use of potentially cytotoxic coinitiator and comonomer. Here, we report a visible-light-mediated thiol-ene hydrogelation scheme using eosin-Y as the only photoinitiator. Under visible light exposure, rapid and highly tunable step-growth gelation is achieved using PEG-norbornene ...