Weed flora in a crop rotation of spring barley, spring rape and spring wheat was studied under reduced spring-time tillage. The field experiment was carried out on a light loamy Endocalcari - EndohypogWeed flora in a crop rotation of spring barley, spring rape and spring wheat was studied under reduced ...

This study evaluated the capacity of Xenopus laevis retina to regenerate photoreceptor cells after cyclic light-mediated acute rod photoreceptor degeneration in a transgenic P23H mutant rhodopsin model of retinits pigmentosa. After discontinuation of cyclic light exposure, we monitored histologic progression of retinal regeneration over a 3 week recovery period. To ...

Several studies show that the fronto-posterior EEG spectral power gradient is a stable individual characteristic related to personality. Whether this characteristic is specifically related to agentic extraversion and theta band of frequencies or is associated with a broader set of personality traits and frequency bands is a matter of debate, ...

In order to determine forces on intracellular microtubules, we measured shape changes of individual microtubules following laser severing. Surprisingly, regions near newly created minus ends increased in curvature following severing, while regions near new microtubule plus ends depolymerized without any observable change in shape. With dynein inhibited, regions near severed ...

Cosmetic products containing ultraviolet light filtering agents are rapidly being developed and entering the marketplace. These advanced multifunctional formulations are intended to deliver both cosmetic and protective benefits. Herein, a brief discussion is presented of newer preparations and their features, as well as how their formulary attributes may contribute to ...

The research evaluated the efficacy of high frequency waves in the treatment of onychomycosis in three patients during twelve months through the clinical examination of nails and also through mycological examination. The causative agent of the mycosis, in the three patients, was the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum and after application of ...

Background  Actinic (solar) lentigines are melanotic tumors frequently developed during photoaging on the dorsum of the hands. Bleaching (whitening) agents are commonly offered to fade their darker aspect. In general, regular colorimetric methods show poor sensitivity to disclose any bleaching effect. Method  The present randomized controlled study on 24 women ...

PURPOSE: Vocal stability throughout the passaggio region in professional singers is an unclarified area of research. METHOD: The acoustic and electroglottographic signals of ascending and descending frequency transitions from 220 to 440Hz (and vice versa) on the vowels /a, e, i, o, u, æ/ were analyzed in eight professional tenors. ...

Since years there is a hotly discussed dispute whether event-related potentials are either generated by an evoked component or by resetting of ongoing phase. We argue that phase-reset must not be proven in order to accept the general involvement of phase in ERP-generation as it is only one of several ...

Medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent fibers synapse directly on the outer hair cells (OHCs). Efferent activation evoked by contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) will affect OHC amplification and subsequent measures of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The aim of this study was to investigate measures of total and separated DPOAEs during efferent activation. ...

The development of manned sub-orbital commercial space vehicles is rapidly occurring and flight testing followed by operational flights will soon begin. The experience of manned suborbital spaceflight at the designated altitude (100 km/62.14 mi) is very limited--two Mercury-Redstone flights, two X-15 flights, one inadvertent Soyuz launch abort, and three recent ...

Nausea is a commonly occurring symptom typified by epigastric discomfort with urge to vomit. The relationship between autonomic nervous system (ANS) outflow and increasing nausea perception is not fully understood. Our study employed a nauseogenic visual stimulus (horizontally translating stripes) while 17 female subjects freely rated transitions in nausea level ...

Spierer, DK, Petersen, RA, and Duffy, K. Response time to stimuli in Division I soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 25(4): 1134-1141, 2011-The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of auditory stimuli (AS) and visual stimuli (VS) on sprint time, sprint speed, and reaction time in National ...

In recent studies, statistical relations among activities in different frequency EEG bands have been reported. Most of these studies investigate within-subject cross-frequency relations, such as amplitude-amplitude, phase-amplitude and phase-phase coupling between different frequencies. All these cross-frequency interactions are considered to be transient correlates of information processing. However, some authors suggested ...

The goal of this work is to study the behavior of electromyographic variables during the menstrual cycle. Ten female volunteers (24.0 ± 2.8 years of age) performed fatiguing isometric contractions, and electromyographic signals were measured on the biceps brachii in four phases of the menstrual cycle. Adaptations of classical algorithms ...

Most ecologically natural sensory inputs are not limited to a single modality. While it is possible to use real ecological materials as experimental stimuli to investigate the neural basis of multi-sensory experience, parametric control of such tokens is limited. By using artificial bimodal stimuli composed of approximations to ecological signals, ...

Background and Aims Reproductive phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by two transitions in phytomer identity, the differentiation of the first elongate internode (bolting transition) and of the first flower (floral transition). An evaluation of the dynamics of these transitions was sought by examining the precision of the corresponding ...

Dogramaci, SN, Watsford, ML, and Murphy, AJ. Time-motion analysis of international and national level futsal. J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 646-651, 2011-Futsal is the Fédération de Internationale Football Association's officially recognized five-a-side indoor soccer, which although increasing in popularity worldwide, lacks the Australian or other English language research necessary to ...

A major advance in understanding the behavior of light was to describe the coherence of a light source by using correlation functions that define the spatio-temporal relationship between pairs and larger groups of photons. Correlations are also a fundamental property of matter. We performed simultaneous measurement of the second- and ...

The electroretinographic response to L- and M-cone isolating stimuli was measured at different luminance levels to study the effect of retinal illuminance on amplitude and phase, and how this may influence estimates of L:M ratios in the retina. It was found that the amplitude of L- and M-cone driven responses ...

Many amphibious organisms undergo repeated aquatic to terrestrial transitions during their lifetime; limbless, elongate organisms that make such transitions must rely on axial-based locomotion in both habitats. How is the same anatomical structure employed to produce an effective behavior across such disparate habitats? Here, we examine an elongate amphibious fish, ...

Continuous relative phase measures have been used to quantify the coordination between different body segments in several activities. Our aim in this study was to investigate how the methods traditionally used to compute the continuous phase of human rhythmic movement are affected by modulations of frequency. We compared the continuous ...

We present a Sagnac interferometer that uses a nonlinear adaptive medium for detection. The nonlinearity of the medium being characterized by a finite response time, the detection has a finite frequency bandwidth determining two operational regimes: at low variation rate of the rotation speed the interferometer operates in the slow-light ...

In bimanual coordination, interactions between the limbs result in attraction to in-phase and antiphase coordination. Increasing movement frequency leads to decreasing stability of antiphase coordination, often resulting in a transition to the more stable in-phase pattern. It is unknown, however, how this frequency-induced loss of stability is engendered in terms ...

To determine whether the COR compensates for the loss of aVOR gain, independent of species, we studied cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys in which all six semicircular canals were plugged. Gains and phases of the aVOR and COR were determined at frequencies ranging from 0.02 to 6 Hz and fit with ...

Reliable detection of circadian phase in humans using noninvasive ambulatory measurements in real-life conditions is challenging and still an unsolved problem. The masking effects of everyday behavior and environmental input such as physical activity and light on the measured variables need to be considered critically. Here, we aimed at developing ...

We investigated the effects of hand paddles and parachute on the relative duration of stroke phases and index of coordination of competitive crawl-strokers. Eleven male-swimmers (age: 21.9 ± 4.5 years; 50-m best time: 24.23 ± 0.75 s) were evaluated in four maximal-intensity conditions: without equipment, with hand paddles, with parachute, and with both hand paddles ...

Excessive noise exposure may present a hazard to hearing, cardiovascular, and psychosomatic health. Mass transit systems, such as the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, are potential sources of excessive noise. The purpose of this study was to characterize transit noise and riders' exposure to noise on the BART system ...

During walking, an increase in speed is accompanied by a decrease in the stance phase duration while the swing phase remains relatively invariant. By definition, the rhythm generator in the lumbar spinal cord controls cycle period, phase durations, and phase transitions. Our first aim was to determine if this asymmetry ...

Two ambiguous figures (Mach's book-figure and the AMBEGUJAS phenomenon) have been studied. They show colour shifts synchronised with the shifts of their alternative phases. The perceived concave phase appeared to have chromatic surface colour, but the perceived convex phase can appear to be in coloured illumination and shadow (film colour). ...

Of the numerous factors that play a role in fatal pedestrian collisions, the time of day, day of the week, and time of year can be significant determinants. More than 60% of all pedestrian collisions in 2007 occurred at night, despite the presumed decrease in both pedestrian and automobile exposure ...

As technology develops, social robots and synthetic avatars might begin to play more of a role in our lives. An influential theory of the perception of synthetic agents states that as they begin to look and move in a more human-like way, they elicit profound discomfort in the observer--an effect ...

The mammalian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a population of neural oscillators capable of sustaining cell-autonomous rhythms in gene expression and electrical firing. A critical question for understanding pacemaker function is how SCN oscillators are organized into a coherent tissue capable of coordinating circadian rhythms in behavior and ...

This study proposes a novel biphasic stimulation technique to solve the issue of phase drifts in SSVEPs in phase-tagged systems. Phase calibration was embedded in stimulus sequences using a biphasic flicker, which is driven by a sequence with alternating reference and phase-shift states. Nine subjects were recruited to participate in ...

Prior research has shown that fluctuations in the relative phase of bimanual coordination do not reflect a white Gaussian noise process. The present study furthered the examination of time-dependent properties in bimanual coordination by comparing the magnitude of relative phase variability and the degree of effector independence within the time ...

Thresholds (F0DLs) were measured for discrimination of the fundamental frequency (F0) of a group of harmonics (group B) embedded in harmonics with a fixed F0. Miyazono and Moore [(2009). Acoust. Sci. & Tech. 30, 383386] found a large training effect for tones with high harmonics in group B, when the ...

A normalized modal analysis of binary gratings under normal TE incidence involving the most condensed set of optogeometrical parameters gives a complete solution to the problem of canceling the 0^th transmitted order in phase masks of a low-to-high refractive index ratio down to 0.5 with a large tolerance on the ...

Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators driving daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. Synchronization of these timers to environmental light-dark cycles ('entrainment') is crucial for an organism's fitness. Little is known about which oscillator qualities determine entrainment, i.e., entrainment range, phase and amplitude. In a systematic theoretical and experimental study, we ...

Accurately timing acoustic events in dynamic scenes is fundamental to scene analysis. To detect events in busy scenes, listeners must often identify a change in the pattern of ongoing fluctuation, resulting in many ubiquitous events being detected later than when they occurred. This raises the question of how delayed detection ...

Using interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 125, 250, and 500 msec in trace conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response, the offset times and durations of conditioned responses (CRs) were collected along with onset and peak latencies. All measures were proportional to the ISI, but only onset and peak latencies conformed ...

In this paper, a novel and simple method to measure the phase difference between two sinusoidal signals is presented. Basically, the method consists of subtracting two sinusoidal signals with same frequencies and measuring the resulting signal amplitude: this amplitude being a minimum whenever there is a coincidence between both signal ...

Superfluidity, the ability of a fluid to move without dissipation, is one of the most spectacular manifestations of the quantum nature of matter. We explore here the possibility of superfluid motion of light. Controlling the speed of a light packet with respect to a defect, we demonstrate the presence of ...

We present unambiguous evidence, from lattice simulations of QCD with three degenerate quark species, for two tricritical points in the (T, m) phase diagram at fixed imaginary chemical potential μ/T = iπ/3 mod2π/3, one in the light and one in the heavy mass regime. These represent the boundaries of the ...

This paper presents a technique that reaches 3-D shape measurement speed beyond the digital-light-processing (DLP) projector's projection speed. In particular, a "solid-state" binary structured pattern is generated with each micro-mirror pixel always being at one status (ON or OFF). By this means, any time segment of projection can represent the ...

We explore whether time shifts in text comprehension are represented spatially. Participants read sentences involving past or future events and made sensibility judgment responses in one of two ways: (1) moving toward or away from their body and (2) pressing the toward or away buttons without moving. Previous work suggests ...

The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics associated with 4 soccer-specific small-sided game (SSG) formats (3 vs. 4 players, 3 vs. 3 players + floater, 5 vs. 6 players, and 5 vs. 5 players + floater) and 4 rule changes in elite youth ...

The present study investigated the effect of a click train on the bisection of time, number and length when each modality was presented sequentially and non-sequentially. For the bisection of time, the results showed that the clicks shifted the bisection function toward the left and decreased the bisection point (point ...

The peak procedure is widely used in the study of interval timing with animals. Multiple timing measures can be derived from peak responding. These measures are typically presented as averages across many trials based on the implicit assumption that peak responding is stable throughout the session. We tested this assumption ...

According to the time-saving bias, drivers overestimate the time saved when increasing from an already relatively high speed and underestimate the time saved when increasing from a relatively low speed. This study examined the effect the time-saving bias may have on drivers' choice of speed using hypothetical situations. Drivers were ...

Earthquake recurrence histories may provide clues to the timing of future events, but long intervals between large events obscure full recurrence variability. In contrast, small earthquakes occur frequently, and recurrence intervals are quantifiable on a much shorter time scale. In this work, I examine an 8.5-year sequence of more than ...