This study investigated the locus of the interference effect in a stimulus-response compatibility task using event-related potentials (ERPs). Ten participants were instructed to respond to stimulus color with the left or right middle finger. Red or blue arrows pointed in the same direction as the response hand on congruent trials ...

Event-related potentials were recorded from 11 subjects after ingesting caffeine (250 mg) or placebo. Subjects were instructed to attend selectively to stimuli with a specified color (red or blue) in order to react to the occurrence of a target within the attended category. Reaction times revealed faster responses for the ...

To investigate a part of the structure of the memory trace, auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from reading subjects while they were presented with two different stimulus-series simultaneously. A clear mismatch negativity (MMN) was obtained from each series, when the stimulus sequence consisted of a high-frequency series and a ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to elucidate the reasons for apparent inconsistencies in the schizophrenia literature with respect to the mismatch negativity (MMN) waveform of the event-related potential (ERP). While most previous research has shown that MMN is reduced in schizophrenia, there are a small number of ...

Two experiments were run to determine the effects of addition or removal of a stimulus feature on mismatch negativity (MMN). In the first experiment, a deviant stimulus was constructed by adding a click to a white noise standard stimulus. In the second experiment, the deviant was constructed by subtracting the ...

This study investigated the role of stimulus deviance in determining electrophysiologic and behavioral responses to "novelty." Stimulus deviance was defined in terms of differences either from the immediately preceding context or from long-term experience. Subjects participated in a visual event-related potential (ERP) experiment, in which they controlled the duration of ...

Cortical evoked potentials (CEP) have been recorded in response to both electrical stimulation (ES) and mechanical stimulation (MS) of the oesophagus. While the optimal parameters for recording reproducible oesophageal CEP to ES have recently been established, they have not yet been determined for MS, and reported CEP to MS show ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the scalp topography of the N300 response to stimuli of different modalities and to investigate the relationship of the N300 component to K-complexes and vertex sharp waves seen in the un-averaged EEG. DESIGN: Two experiments were conducted one using auditory; the other using respiratory occlusion stimuli ...

In this study, we examined changes in the event-related potential (ERP) to stimuli with and without reproductive significance occurring during the menstrual cycle. Eleven spontaneously cycling women were tested during three menstrual phases (menses, ovulatory phase, luteal phase) differing in plasma concentrations of gonadal hormones. ERPs were recorded while subjects ...

Recent developments towards event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging has greatly extended the range of experimental designs. If the events occur in rapid succession, the corresponding time-locked responses overlap significantly and need to be deconvolved in order to separate the contributions of different events. Here we present a deconvolution approach, which ...

The transformation of stimulus functions is said to occur when the functions of one stimulus alter or transform the functions of another stimulus in accordance with the derived relation between the two, without additional training. This effect has been demonstrated with a number of derived stimulus relations, behavioral functions, experimental ...

The temporal and hierarchical relationships between the dorsal and the ventral streams in selective attention are known only in relation to the use of spatial location as the attentional cue mediated by the dorsal stream. To improve this state of affairs, event-related brain potentials were recorded while subjects attended simultaneously ...

Detecting deviant, and potentially meaningful, auditory events depends on transient representations of preceding stimuli. Here, we examined whether the neural circuitry underlying deviance detection system varied as a function of deviance type. In different blocks of trials, participants were presented with a sequence that included standard and deviant tones differing ...

The present study addressed the pre-attentive processing of sound order. Event-related potentials were recorded from reading subjects while they were presented with pairs of two tones differing from each other in frequency (1000 vs. 1500 Hz). The within-pair (silent) interstimulus interval (ISI) was, in separate blocks, varied between 0 and ...

Rapid and reliable detection of randomly occurring small amplitude synaptic events resulting from activation of different classes of ligand-gated receptors is a difficult task. Here, we describe and characterize an amplitude threshold algorithm, written as an IGOR Pro procedure, which detects events as well as characterizes their amplitudes and kinetics. ...

The waveform of spontaneous synaptic potentials or currents comprising synaptic noise can be significantly distorted when these events are closely spaced due to a high frequency activity in the presynaptic inputs that generate them. It is essential to correct these alterations prior to measurements of overlapping miniature and/or postsynaptic potentials, ...

The aim of this study was (1) to provide behavioral evidence for multimodal feature integration in an object recognition task in humans and (2) to characterize the processing stages and the neural structures where multisensory interactions take place. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 30 scalp electrodes while subjects performed ...

In Näätänen's model of early attention, the role of arousal in influencing the permanent feature detection system (indexed by mismatch negativity [MMN]) and the temporary feature-detection system (indexed by processing negativity [PN]) is unclear. To address this question, we investigated the effects of the anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) on ...

OBJECTIVES: The test-retest reliabilities of the mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by deviances in sound duration, frequency, and intensity were compared. METHODS: The MMN was recorded with a 64-channel electroencephalograph (EEG) from 15 healthy adult subjects in two sessions over intervals of 1-27 days. During the recordings, subjects watched a silent ...

Novel evidence is reported showing changes in the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP) that followed a different time course in frontal and sub-temporal (mastoid) electrodes. MMN recorded in frontal electrode sites, assumed to originate predominantly in the superior temporal gyrus, showed amplitude enhancement from the first to the second ...

Event-related potentials to complex spectrotemporal sound patterns were recorded during non-attend conditions. A high-intensity noise deviant elicited a large negative wave. This is probably a combined mismatch negativity (MMN) and N2b since it was followed by a large amplitude frontal positive wave (P3a). When the noise intensity was reduced, a ...

This paper addresses two questions related to the inherent association between breathing and odor perception: Does central nervous processing of odors change when an artificial breathing technique (velopharyngeal closure) is introduced and secondly, does odor processing vary with the oral breathing phase (inhalation or exhalation)? Chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP) were ...

OBJECTIVE: A cortical cognitive auditory evoked potential, mismatch negativity (MMN), reflects automatic discrimination and echoic memory functions of the auditory system. For this study, we examined whether this potential is dependent on the stimulus intensity. DESIGN: The MMN potentials were recorded from 10 subjects with normal hearing using a sine ...

The mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential component of the EEG, is elicited by violations of auditory regularities In the present study, the stimulus blocks contained two types of standard tones, differing from each other in frequency and intensity. MMNs were recorded to three different types of deviant stimuli: (a) ...

Both semantic and syntactic context constraints can influence word processing at the level of lexical integration. In event-related brain potentials (ERPs), semantic integration is reflected by a negativity around 400 msec (N400), whereas phrase structure assignment and syntactic integration are assumed to be reflected by an early left anterior negativity ...

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects monitored a visually presented sequence of stimuli that provided information about both a temporal pattern (rhythm) and a spatial pattern, and responded to rhythmical or spatial deviants. A third task, which required the monitoring of the same sequence for screen flickers served as ...

Previous research has indicated that the auditory ERPs of children are dominated by a frontal negative slow-wave. This paper outlines a preliminary attempt to separate event-related low-frequency activity from traditional ERP components as found in older subjects. An active auditory oddball task was completed by 30 normal children aged from ...

This study investigated the effects of decreased audibility produced by high-pass noise masking on the cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) N1 and mismatch negativity (MMN) to the speech sounds /ba/ and /da/, presented at 65 dB SPL. ERPs were recorded while normal listeners (N = 11) ignored the stimuli and read ...

/ The effects of docks on eelgrass beds were measured using plant population characteristics (shoot density, canopy height, and growth rates), light levels, and an assessment of eelgrass bed quality in Massachusetts estuaries. Eelgrass populations were impacted under and directly adjacent to docks, as shown by depressed shoot density and ...

Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that selectively attending to a relevant stimulus feature was associated with selection negativity (SN) components. The present study aimed at investigating the ERP indices of attentional selection based on forms defined by motion (kinetic forms). ERPs were recorded from subjects who attended selectively ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a relationship existed across trials between evoked gamma and reaction time in a conventional cognitive ERP paradigm. METHODS: Auditory oddball data in 40 normal subjects was examined. A moving Welch window and short time FFT were employed to elucidate the time course of gamma (29 to ...

The independent component analysis was applied to multichannel transient visual evoked potentials elicited by a high contrast pattern-reversal and motion-onset (motion velocity of 7 and 23 deg/s). Three overlapping independent components with different topographical distribution over the scalp were described. The first component displayed similar timing in response to all ...

Eighty-three subjects (47 women and 36 men) were submitted to Plutchik-van Praag's (PVP) depression inventory, Zuckerman's sensation seeking scales and Zuckerman-Kuhlman's personality inventory, and underwent auditory evoked potential studies using clicks at 4 different intensities of 70, 80, 90 and 100 dB. The clicks were delivered at an interstimulus interval ...

In this study we compared the amplitude, latency, and spatial distribution of the mismatch negativity (MMN), elicited by tones deviating in either frequency, intensity, stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) or location, and assessed inter- and intra-subject variability. Cross-dimensional comparisons were facilitated by adjusting the magnitude of deviance individually, so that the detection ...

In previous studies, a perceptual switching related potential was obtained during the observation of a multistable dynamic reversal pattern, where the averaging of the single responses was triggered by subjects pressing a button. The present methodological study aims to increase the signal quality of perceptual switching related potentials considering the ...

Young adult subjects attended selectively to brief noise bursts delivered in free field via a horizontal array of seven loudspeakers spaced apart by 9 degrees of angle. Frequent "standard" stimuli (90%) and infrequent "target/deviant" stimuli (10%) of increased bandwidth were delivered at a fast rate in a random sequence equiprobably ...

Neural representations for abstract features of auditory stimuli were studied by presenting reading subjects with stimulus blocks composed of pairs of two closely spaced tones. There were frequent ascending standard pairs (i.e., the second tone was higher in frequency than the first tone) and occasional descending deviant pairs. Both types ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of odorant concentration on the olfactory event-related potential (OERP). METHODS: OERP were evaluated in 8 men and 8 women (17-34 years of age) in response to 4 concentrations of vanillin (7, 28, 56 and 84% v/v). Sixteen presentations of ...

Research with the mismatch negativity component of event-related potentials has uncovered a system that detects change in the acoustic environment on an automatic basis. The system is considered to compare incoming stimuli to representations of the past and to emit an MMN if change is detected. Previous investigations have shown ...

OBJECTIVES: Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by subthreshold visual stimuli were studied to assess the relationship between unconscious cognitive processing and the electrical activity of the brain. METHODS: A new method of modified visual oddball paradigm with supraliminal and subliminal stimuli was applied. Prior to the experiment, the individual 'subjective' threshold ...

OBJECTIVES: We studied waveform changes associated with a focal conduction block in compression myelopathies. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 26 patients underwent serial intervertebral recording of spinal somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) after epidural stimulation. The site of compression identified by abrupt reduction in size of the negative peak was ...

Several researchers propose that event-related potentials (ERPs) can be explained by a superposition of transient oscillations at certain frequency bands in response to external or internal events. The transient nature of the ERP is more suitable to be modelled as a sum of damped sinusoids. These damped sinusoids can be ...

This paper presents a new method for the identification of individual event related potential (ERP) components in both frequency and time domains. Using the similar basis function (SBF) algorithm the method provides a time to frequency transform, representing a frequency domain equivalent of the component waveform. Notable features of the ...

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are evoked brain potentials that are averaged across many trial repetitions with individual trials aligned (i.e. time-locked) to a specific behavioral event, typically the onset of the stimulus (s-lock) or the onset of the behavioral response (r-lock). These evoked potential averages may reflect brain activities during the ...

The amplitude and latency of the mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by occasional shorter-duration tones (25 and 50 ms) in a sequence of 75 ms standard tones were studied in 40 healthy subjects (9-84 years). The replicability and age dependence of the MMN-responses were determined. The 25 ms deviant tone evoked ...

Whole-head magnetoencephalographic (MEG) responses to repeating standard tones and to infrequent slightly higher deviant tones and complex novel sounds were recorded together with event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Deviant tones and novel sounds elicited the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the ERP and its MEG counterpart (MMNm) both when the auditory ...

The temporal constraints of auditory event synthesis were investigated using event-related potentials. Standard stimuli consisted of an initial constant-frequency segment followed by a frequency glide. Occasionally, stimuli deviating from this standard both in intensity and within the direction of the glide were presented in the otherwise repetitive sound sequence. Previous ...

Analysis of the relationship between prestimulus EEG alpha phase and the subsequent ERP has proved difficult because of the non-Euclidean nature of phase measurements. In this study, we employed a conventional P3 templating method of single-trial analysis to identify the P3 component in target auditory oddball data from 25 normals. ...

The paper presents some mathematical models in support of the hypothesis that there is a general principle of information processing at the levels of both preattention and attention. It is claimed that at both levels, information processing is based on the coherent (synchronous) activity of neurons, neural populations, and brain ...

Skinner's views are commonly misrepresented. One reason for this difficulty is that changes in the way that Skinner formulated his views occurred in a gradual evolution over time throughout Skinner's career, and the changes and their significance were not as conspicuously marked as they might have been. Among these changes ...