The sense of elevation perceived by human listeners is normally attributed to high-frequency spectral structure above 4 kHz, caused by anatomical filtering. Our research began with the conjecture that elevation information might be available below 4 kHz when it is linked to a quasi-continuous set of azimuthal cues through measured ...

This study aimed to utilise a tissue mimicking material (TMM) in order to embed in vitro carotid plaque tissue so that its acoustic properties could be assessed. Here, an International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) agar-based TMM was adapted to a clear gel by removal of the particulates. This clear TMM was ...

We examine the resonance spectrum change after turning on the light to feed the fiber taper evanescently coupled to a silica whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator surrounded by different gases at different pressures. The resonance shifted to a longer wavelength, indicating a temperature rise, before reaching a steady state. The ...

A tripeptide-perylene diimide (PDI) conjugate self-assembles into PDI@β-sheet nanohelices, whose local conformations are sensitive to the external stimuli of concentration, heating and ultrasound, showing stimulus-responsive supramolecular chirality.

The main characteristics of the heat accumulation period and the possible existence of different types of biological response to the environment in different populations of olive through the Mediterranean region have been evaluated. Chilling curves to determine the start date of the heat accumulation period were constructed and evaluated. The ...

Molecular determinants of threshold sensitivity of mammalian mechanoreceptors are unknown. Here, we identify a mechanosensitive (MS) K current (I) that governs mechanical threshold and adaptation of distinct populations of mechanoreceptors. Toxin profiling and transgenic mouse studies indicate that I is carried by Kv1.1-Kv1.2 heteromers. Mechanosensitivity is attributed to Kv1.1 subunits, ...

To elucidate the mechanisms of thermal adaptation and acclimation in ectothermic aquatic organisms from differing climates, we used a common-garden experiment for thermal stress to investigate the heat shock response of redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) from desert and montane populations. Evidence for adaptation was observed as expression of heat ...

Superoxide flashes are transient bursts of superoxide production within the mitochondrial matrix that are detected using the superoxide sensitive biosensor, mitochondrial-targeted circularly permuted YFP (mt-cpYFP). However, due to the pH sensitivity of mt-cpYFP, flashes were suggested to reflect transient events of mitochondrial alkalinization. Here, we simultaneously monitored flashes with mt-cpYFP ...

Damaged DNA Binding protein 1 (DDB1)-CULLIN4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes have been implicated in diverse biological processes in a range of organisms. encodes two homologs of DDB1, DDB1A, and DDB1B. In this study we use a viable partial loss of function allele of , , to examine genetic interactions with ...

BACKGROUND:: Operating microscopes used during neurosurgery are fitted with xenon light. Burn injuries have been reported because of xenon microscope lighting as the intensity of xenon light is 300 W. We designed this study to find out if the light of operating microscope causes an increase in temperature of the ...

Objectives: In factories for glassware production, workers are exposed to intense visible light emitted from hot objects such as furnaces and molten glass. High exposure to short-wavelength visible light, called blue light, can cause photoretinopathy. The objective of this study was to quantify the blue-light hazards associated with glassware production. ...

In this report, a novel visible-light-activated photoelectrochemical biosensor was fabricated to study the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity induced by two endogenous neurotoxins, 1(R)-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline [(R)-Sal] and 1(R),2(N)-dimethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroisoquinoline [(R)-NMSal], which have drawn much attention in the study of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The photoelectrode was prepared ...

The future of solid-state lighting relies on how the performance parameters will be improved further for developing high-brightness light-emitting diodes. Eventually, heat removal is becoming a crucial issue because the requirement of high brightness necessitates high-operating current densities that would trigger more joule heating. Here we demonstrate that the embedded ...

Drosophila ananassae has successfully invaded the cold and dry montane localities of the Western Himalayas in recent years. The ability of this desiccation and cold sensitive tropical Drosophila species to evolve in response to seasonal changes in montane localities is largely unknown. Here, we investigated how this sensitive species adapt ...

Background. To assess in situ substantivity of a single mouthrinse with 0.2% Clorhexidine (CHX) on saliva and on undisturbed de novo plaque-like biofilm (PL-biofilm), differentiating between 2 times of application: CHX mouthrinse in the morning and CHX mouthrinse at night. Methods. The study subjects were 10 healthy volunteers who wore ...

A Pd nanoparticle-containing polymer microsphere moves with increasing speed across a pH gradient, following differential catalytic decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The directional motion is akin to the pH taxis of living microorganisms. The artificial pH taxis exhibits random walk, translation, vertical, hopping, and pulsed motion, when the size of ...

Heat capacities in the critical and the non-critical regions for {benzonitrile + tridecane} and {benzonitrile + pentadecane}, and light scattering for {benzonitrile + undecane}, {benzonitrile + dodecane}, {benzonitrile + tridecane}, {benzonitrile + tetradecane}, {benzonitrile + pentadecane}, and {benzonitrile + hexadecane} in the critical two-phase region were measured. Light scattering measurements ...

To measure the light transmission through different esthetic posts and to evaluate the degree of polymerization of dual cure resin cement cured through these posts. The posts were divided into two experimental groups i.e. Group A (D.T. Light post); Group B (D.T. White post) and control i.e. Group C (metal ...

Female mosquitoes use odor and heat as cues to navigate to a suitable landing site on their blood host. The way these cues affect flight behavior and modulate anemotactic responses, however, is poorly understood. We studied in-flight behavioral responses of females of the nocturnal malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto ...

In the rubber-hand illusion (RHI), when an actual hand hidden from view and a rubber hand in view are simultaneously stimulated, participants mistakenly perceive tactile sensation as arising from the rubber hand, not from the actual hand. Some studies have revealed that the magnitude of RHI decreases when the actual ...

Are there differences in thermal adaptation to cold indoor environments between people who are used to living in heating and non-heating regions in China? To answer this question, we measured thermal perceptions and physiological responses of young men from Beijing (where there are indoor space heating facilities in winter) and ...

The dispersion of a hyperbolic anisotropic metamaterial (HAM) and the chromatic aberration of light focusing in this kind of HAM are studied. The HAM is formed by alternately stacking metal and dielectric layers. The rules of materials and filling factors affecting the optical property of HAM are given. The chromatic ...

The polarization characteristics of unpolarized light passing through a double wedge depolarizer are studied. It is found that the degree of polarization of the radiation propagating after the depolarizer is uniform across transverse planes after the depolarizer, but it changes from one plane to another in a periodic way giving, ...

We analyze the bending response to light or heat of a solid nematic disk with a director twisted from being radial on the upper surface to be azimuthal on the lower. We find a number of curl lobes determined purely by the geometry of the mechanical frustration that arises during ...

We report on the transfer of statistical characteristics from writing and reading coupling light to stored and retrieved probe light pulses in a Λ-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) scheme based on the 5S_1/2-5P_1/2 transition of ⁸⁷Rb atoms. When the coherent probe laser pulse was stored in the EIT medium using ...

Various mechanisms are currently exploited to transduce a wide range of stimulating sources into mechanical motion. At the microscale, simultaneously high amplitude, high work output, and high speed in actuation are hindered by limitations of these actuation mechanisms. Here we demonstrate a set of microactuators fabricated by a simple microfabrication ...

BACKGROUND:: Rod failure has been reported clinically in pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) to correct flat back deformity. OBJECTIVE:: To characterize the fatigue life of posterior screw-rod constructs in the setting of PSO as a function of the severity of rod contour angle. METHODS:: A modified ASTM F1717-04 was used. Rods ...

We report the results of back-action evading experiments utilizing a tightly coupled electro-mechanical system formed by a radio-frequency micromechanical resonator parametrically coupled to a NbTiN superconducting microwave resonator. Due to excess dissipation in the microwave resonator, we observe a parametric instability induced by a thermal shift of the mechanical resonance ...

We present an efficient vertical InGaN light-emitting diode (LED) in which the proposed vertical LEDs were fabricated with patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) using thinning techniques. After the thinning of sapphire substrate, selective dry etching process was performed on the remainder sapphire layer to expose the n-GaN contact layer instead of ...

We present an efficient vertical InGaN light-emitting diode (LED) in which the proposed vertical LEDs were fabricated with patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) using thinning techniques. After the thinning of sapphire substrate, selective dry etching process was performed on the remainder sapphire layer to expose the n-GaN contact layer instead of ...

Natural wood, being biological material, undergoes rapid degradation by ultraviolet (UV) radiations and other environmental factors under outdoor exposure. In order to protect wood from such degradation, the chemical structure of wood is altered by chemical modification or heat treatment. In the present study, heat treated specimens of rubberwood (Hevea ...

Intraplaque neovascularization is considered as an important indication for plaque vulnerability. We propose a semiautomatic algorithm for quantification of neovasculature, thus, enabling assessment of plaque vulnerability. The algorithm detects and tracks contrast spots using multidimensional dynamic programming. Classification of contrast tracks into blood vessels and artifacts was performed. The results ...

Engineering nanomechanical quantum systems possessing ultralong motional coherence times allows for applications in precision quantum sensing and quantum interfaces, but to achieve ultrahigh motional Q one must work hard to remove all forms of motional noise and heating. We examine a magneto-meso-mechanical quantum system that consists of a 3D arrangement ...

The effect of frequency of alternating current during ohmic heating on electrode corrosion, heating rate, inactivation of foodborne pathogens, and quality of salsa was investigated. The impact of waveform on heating rate was also investigated. Salsa was treated with various frequencies (60 Hz to 20 kHz) and waveforms (sine, square, ...

The aim of this investigation was to study the efficacy of the combined processes of UV light and mild temperatures for the inactivation of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and to explore the mechanism of inactivation. The doses to inactivate the 99.99% (4D) of the initial population ranged from 18.03 (Salmonella ...

Abstract The purpose of this research was to study the effect of different factors on the resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii NCTC 9238 to UV-C light (which includes germicidal ultraviolet light at 254 nm) and to determine whether a combined treatment with heat would produce a synergistic effect for its inactivation. Growth ...

In this study, cup-shaped copper sheets were developed to improve heat dispassion for high-power light emitting diodes (LEDs) array module (3 × 3, 4 × 4, and 5 × 5) using an electroplating technique. The cup-shaped copper sheets were directly contacted with sapphire to enhance the heat dissipation of the ...

We report experimental evidence of thermal effects on the displacement of vortex walls in NiFe nanostrips. With the use of nanosecond current pulses, a unidirectional motion of the magnetic domain walls towards the hotter part of the nanostrips is observed, in addition to current-induced domain wall motion. By tuning the ...

Dislocation mobility is a fundamental material property that controls strength and ductility of crystals. An important measure of dislocation mobility is its Peierls stress, i.e., the minimal stress required to move a dislocation at zero temperature. Here we report that, in the body-centered cubic metal tantalum, the Peierls stress as ...

The identification of the physical mechanism(s) by which cells can sense vibrations requires the determination of the cellular mechanical environment. Here, we quantified vibration-induced fluid shear stresses in vitro and tested whether this system allows for the separation of two mechanical parameters previously proposed to drive the cellular response to ...

Spiraling into control: A photoresponsive supramolecular assembly demonstrates that light, along with heating (Δ) and cooling ( ), can cause chiral communication between molecules. This effect leads to bias in the helicity of the complex, causing a reversible switching of macroscopic handedness, as shown by a reversal of sign of ...

Along with the lens, the cornea is the only transparent tissue in the human body. However, the development of an edema involves structural disturbances increasing light scattering and leading to the opacification of the cornea. Several mechanisms of transparency loss have been studied in the literature, but the whole phenomenon ...

We propose a novel method of laser heating control only through change in polarization of the incident light, keeping its power density constant. The idea combines an antenna effect found in isolated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and the possibility of their heating by light illumination. To observe this we used the ...

Although visual information seems to affect thermal perception (e.g. red color is associated with heat), previous studies have failed to demonstrate the interaction between visual and thermal senses. However, it has been reported that humans feel an illusory thermal sensation in conjunction with an apparently-thermal visual stimulus placed on a ...

Nitrogen/sulfur co-doped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with a high specific surface area and a high percentage of {001} facets were synthesized by a solvent-thermal process followed by the calcination with thiourea at an optimum heat treatment temperature. Under current experimental conditions, the optimum heat treatment temperature was found at 300°C, which ...

All organisms respond to environmental stresses (e.g., heavy metal, heat, UV irradiation, hyperoxia, food limitation, etc.) with coordinated adjustments in order to deal with the consequences and/or injuries caused by the severe stress. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans often exerts adaptive responses if preconditioned with low concentrations of agents or stressor. ...

The Future of Dental Bleaching The desire for white teeth has been long present in the human history. Since the roman times, there are descriptions of attempts to remove stains from teeth and make them more beautiful. Many chemical substances were tested to achieve this goal. However, the hydrogen peroxide ...

Ultrasound attenuation in biological media often follows a frequency-dependent power-law relationship. Power-law attenuation is accompanied by dispersion in which phase velocity also changes as a function of frequency. The power-law wave equation has exact time- and frequency-domain Green's function solutions that are used in numerical evaluations of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction ...

The purpose of this study was to validate the use of edible taste strips for measuring taste recognition thresholds for the bitter-tasting compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). Taste recognition thresholds for PROP were obtained by two separate methods. Thresholds were also identified in subjects whose airflow through the nose was blocked. Threshold ...

Strong few-cycle light fields with stable electric field waveforms allow controlling electrons on time scales down to the attosecond domain. We have studied the dissociative ionization of randomly oriented DCl in 5 fs light fields at 720 nm in the tunneling regime. Momentum distributions of D(+) and Cl(+) fragments were ...