We present an innovative approach to the production of sub-100 nm hollow Au-SnO2 hybrid nanospheres, employing a low-cost, surfactant-free and environmentally friendly solution-based route. The hollow hybrid nanostructures were synthesized using a seed-mediated hydrothermal method, which can be divided into two stages: (1) formation of multicore-shell Au@SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and ...

The UV-induced photocyclization of a dithienylethene-annulated N-heterocyclic carbene precatalyst enabled photoswitchable ring-opening polymerizations of ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone. The polymerizations proceeded efficiently in ambient light, however UV irradiation attenuated the reaction rate (kamb/kUV = 59). Subsequent visible light exposure reversed the photocyclization and restored catalytic activity.

PURPOSE: Although heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) has been reported to have protective effects against various neuronal cell damage, its role in the retina has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated its role in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration using retinas and ventral forebrain specific Hb-egf knockout (KO) mice. METHODS: ...

One of the many joys in reading Miguel C. Junger's contributions to the journal and elsewhere was the physical interpretations that accompanied theoretical results, which were at times unanticipated but always enlightening. In three instances however, he found the task of offering such an explanation particularly challenging and was beguiled ...

The authors are developing a completely new direct-radiator loudspeaker as an alternative of the conventional electrodynamic loudspeaker. It is driven by continuous revolution of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors, It is useful for radiation of very low frequency signal because it shows almost flat phase frequency characteristics in low frequency region. A ...

The authors had proposed new direct-radiator loudspeaker constructions with a conventional paper cone radiator driven by ultrasonic motors (USM), as a substitution for voice-coil motor. However, those models needed a revolution to linear motion conversion mechanism, and avoiding zero region non-linearity, like class A amplifier. These complications came from the ...

Acoustic signature of a rigid wing, equipped with a movable downstream flap and interacting with a line vortex, is studied in a two-dimensional low-Mach number flow. The flap is attached to the airfoil via a torsion spring, and the coupled fluid-structure interaction problem is analyzed using thin-airfoil methodology and application ...

The sound radiation pattern of a grand piano is highly complex and depends on the shape of the soundboard, construction of the frame, reflections from the lid, and other parts of the instrument's structure. The spectral energy generated by and emitted from the instrument is further complicated by the sound ...

The double bass and cello sections in the orchestra transmit vibrations to the stage floor through the end pins. Whether or not these vibrations may contribute to the perceived sound in the hall has been investigated since the 1930s. In this study, the conditions for an efficient transfer of instrument ...

Although tissue-penetrable light (red and NIR) has a great potential for spatiotemporally controlled release of therapeutic agents, it has been hampered because of the lack of chemistry translating the photonic energy to a cleavage of a chemical bond. Recently, we discovered that an aminoacrylate group could be cleaved to release ...

It's elemental! β-Rhombohedral boron was investigated as an elemental photocatalyst. Boron crystals were found to be photocatalytically active in the generation of (.) OH radicals under irradiation with visible light; however, the presence of an amorphous oxide layer on the surface of the crystals impaired their photocatalytic activity.

PbTe/Pb-based nanocomposite was assembled by combining the regular PbTe/Pb nanostructure and the ZnxMn1-xS nanoparticles; the photoelectric property of the nanocomposite was measured in situ. The results showed that the through current of the nanocomposite had an obvious increase compared to that of the individual PbTe/Pb nanomaterial under the same irradiation ...

OBJECTIVES: Light cured materials are increasingly used in orthodontic clinical practice and concurrent with developments in materials have been developments in light curing unit technology. In recent years the irradiances of these units have increased. The aim of this study was to determine the safe exposure times to both direct ...

To elucidate the environmental fate of tetracycline (TC), we reported the light-source-dependent dual effects of humic acid (HA) and NO3(-) on TC photolysis. TC photolysis rate was highly pH- and concentration-dependent, and was especially enhanced at higher pH and lower initial TC concentrations. Under UV-254 and UV-365 irradiation, HA inhibited ...

Recent clinical reports suggest that overexposure to light emissions generated from cathode ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) color monitors after topical or systemic administration of a photosensitizer could cause noticeable skin phototoxicity. In this study, we examined the light emission profiles (optical irradiance, spectral irradiance) of CRT ...

This communication describes a method for facile synthesis of mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanocup crystals. The novel cuplike morphology of TiO2 decorated with gold (Au-TiO2) yields remarkably high photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation.

PURPOSE: Photochemical crosslinking of corneal collagen is an evolving treatment for keratoconus and other ectatic disorders. We evaluated collagen crosslinking by Rose Bengal plus green light (RGX) in rabbit eyes and investigated factors important for clinical application. METHODS: Rose Bengal (RB, 0.1%) was applied to de-epithelialized corneas of enucleated rabbit ...

BACKGROUND: Red light is part of the visible light spectrum. The effects of light-emitting diode (LED)-generated red light on human skin are not well-characterized. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of red LED-generated low-level light therapy (LLLT) on fibroblast proliferation and viability in vitro. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Irradiation of normal human ...

Chloroplastic heterocomplex consisting of AtFtsH1, 2, 5 and 8 proteases, integrally bound to thylakoid membrane was shown to play a critical role in degradation of photodamaged PsbA molecules, inherent to photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle and in plastid development. As no one thylakoid bound apoproteins besides PsbA has been identified ...

We examined temperature dependence in plastic scintillation detectors (PSDs) made of BCF-60 or BCF-12 scintillating fiber coupled to optical fiber with cyanoacrylate. PSDs were subjected to a range of temperatures using a temperature-controlled water bath and irradiated at each temperature while either the dose was measured using a CCD camera ...

The intrinsic catalytic activity of palladium (Pd) is significantly enhanced in gold (Au)-Pd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) under visible light irradiation at ambient temperatures. The alloy NPs strongly absorb light and efficiently enhance the conversion of several reactions, including Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling, oxidative addition of benzylamine, selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols ...

Effects of different light conditions on development, growth, and secondary metabolism of three marine-derived filamentous fungi were investigated. Darkness irritated sexual development of Aspergillus glaucus HB1-19, while white, red, and blue lights improved its asexual behavior. The red and blue lights improved asexual stroma formation of Xylaria sp. (no. 2508), ...

We achieved drain-current switching of diarylethene-channel field-effect transistors with light- and electric-field effects. The drain current was reversibly changed by alternating ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Stress is placed on the fact that the on/off ratio realized by light irradiation was 10^2 (10^4 %) and this value is much larger ...

Acoustic signature of a rigid wing, equipped with a movable downstream flap and interacting with a line vortex, is studied in a two-dimensional low-Mach number flow. The flap is attached to the airfoil via a torsion spring, and the coupled fluid-structure interaction problem is analyzed using thin-airfoil methodology and application ...

In conventional photostimulable storage phosphors, the optical information written by x-ray or ultraviolet irradiation is usually read out as a visible photostimulated luminescence (PSL) signal under the stimulation of a low-energy light with appropriate wavelength. Unlike the transient PSL, here we report a new optical read-out form, photostimulated persistent luminescence ...

In this study, we find that visible light can trigger both the loading and the release of N-alkyl substituted 4-picolinium on self-assembled monolayers (SAM). The latter process will result in surface-charge inversion of the SAM, which can be used for controlled release of molecules of interest.

A new Schottky junction ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) is fabricated by coating a free-standing ZnO nanorod (ZnONR) array with a layer of transparent monolayer graphene (MLG) film. The single-crystalline [0001]-oriented ZnONR array has a length of about 8-11 μm, and a diameter of 100∼600 nm. Finite element method (FEM) simulation results ...

A fuel cell functioned as a photo fuel cell (PFC) when irradiated with UV light and a dye self-photosensitization photo fuel cell (DSPFC) when irradiated with visible light was proposed and investigated in this study. The system included a BiOCl/Ti plate photoanode and a Pt cathode, and dye solutions were ...

The goal of this study was to evaluate the nature of the stem effect light produced within an optical fiber, to quantify its composition, and to evaluate the efficiency of the chromatic technique to remove the stem effect. Spectrometry studies were performed during irradiations of a bare PMMA optical fiber ...

As has become known, most materials, such as proteins and DNA, show orientation under strong magnetic fields. However, the critical threshold for the magnetic field of the magnetomechanical phenomena is still unknown. We demonstrate that a thin micro-mirror from a fish scale with high reflectivity exhibits a distinct magnetic response ...

Thin films of meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrinato copper (II) (CuTCPP) in conjunction with anatase TiO2 have been formed on cotton fabric. Their self-cleaning properties have been investigated by conducting photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, coffee and wine stains under visible-light irradiation. CuTCPP/TiO2-coated cotton fabrics showed superior self-cleaning performance when compared to bare TiO2-coated ...

Self-assembled monolayers of 6-nitro BIPS spiropyran (SP) modified with disulfide terminated aliphatic chains were prepared on polycrystalline gold surfaces and characterized by UV/Vis absorption, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS). The SAMs obtained are composed of the ring-closed form (i.e. spiropyran) only. Irradiation with UV light ...

Megathrust earthquakes rupture a broad zone of the subducting plate interface in both along-strike and along-dip directions. The along-dip rupture characteristics of megathrust events, e.g., their slip and energy radiation distribution, reflect depth-varying frictional properties of the slab interface. Here, we report high-resolution frequency-dependent seismic radiation of the four largest ...

Environmental humidity is an important factor that can influence the sensing performance of a metal oxide. TiO(2)-(B) in the form of nanowires has been demonstrated to be a promising material for the detection of explosive gases such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). However, the elimination of cross-sensitivity of the explosive detectors based ...

Partial spatial coherence is a fundamental concept in optical systems. Theoretically, the normalized mutual coherence function gives a quantitative measure for partial spatial coherence regardless of the spectral nature of the radiation. For narrowband light the degree of spatial coherence can be measured in terms of the fringe modulation in ...

Response of pMOS dosemeters during two successive irradiations with gamma-ray irradiation to a dose of 35 Gy and annealing at room and elevated temperature has been studied. The response was followed on the basis of threshold voltage shift, determined from transfer characteristics, as a function of absorbed dose or annealing ...

A functionalized plasmonic Au/TiO(2) photocatalyst with an Ag co-catalyst was successfully prepared by the combination of two types of photodeposition methods, and it quantitatively converted nitrobenzene and 2-propanol to aniline and acetone under irradiation of visible light.

ABSTRACT: ZnO1-x/graphene hybrid photocatalyst was prepared via a facile in-situ reduction of graphene oxide and ZnO1-x surface defect oxide. The hybrid photocatlayst showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of methylene blue. The photocorrosion of ZnO1-x was successfully inhibited by graphene hybridation. ZnO1-x/graphene hybrid photocatalyst with 1.2 wt% graphene showed ...

3D porous hierarchical Cu(2) S microsponges (HCMs) constructed from 2D ultrathin active nanosheets (∼1.5 nm) with nearly 99% exposed (111) facets are fabricated by a simple hydrothermal route. The as-prepared HCMs possess an improved visible-light-harvesting ability, high surface area, low electron-hole recombination, and excellent photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation under ...

A simple method to fabricate a visible light-detectable hybrid nanodevice based on TiO(2) nanoparticles and pristine graphene, ideally combining the advantages of both, is demonstrated. High photosensitivity of the hybrid device under visible and UV light irradiation paves the way for its application as a broad wavelength photodetector.

Light exposure modulates development of living organisms. In the field of medicine, light has frequently been used for regenerative purposes. Excimer light (308nm) has demonstrated superior efficacy in treating vitiligo, a condition requiring development of melanoblasts and a model for studying nerve cell regeneration, as compared to narrow-band UVB (NBUVB; ...

A custom photobioreactor was designed to enable automatic light adjustments using computerized feedback control. The system consisted of a 7.5-L cylindrical vessel and an aluminum enclosure housing quantum sensors and light-emitting diode arrays, which provide 630 or 680nm light to preferentially excite the major cyanobacterial pigments, phycocyanin and/or chlorophyll a, ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to measure the degree of conversion (DC) of five dual-curing resin cements after different curing modes with a second- and a third-generation light-emitting diode (LED) curing unit. Additionally, irradiance of both light curing units was measured at increasing distances and through discs of ...

We investigated Scots pine adaptive responses to the light spectra by measuring hypocotyl length in seeds sampled from three natural Scots pine ecotypes across a latitudinal cline ranging from 63° to 68° N in Sweden where the adaptive cline is known to be steeper. Seeds were germinated under dark (D) ...

The retina consists of ordered arrays of individual types of neurons for processing vision. Here, we show that such order is necessary for intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) to function as irradiance detectors. We found that during development, ipRGCs undergo proximity-dependent Bax-mediated apoptosis. Bax mutant mice exhibit disrupted ipRGC ...

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have aroused global environmental concerns because of their toxicity and ubiquitousness in the biological and environmental systems. It is important to find an efficient method for their decontamination and to understand their chemical transformation in the environment. Here we report that decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) undergoes efficient ...

We report a facile non-hydrothermal method for the large-scale production of hierarchical TiO(2) nanorod spheres for the photocatalytic elimination of contaminants and killing bacteria. Crescent Ti/RF spheres were prepared by deliberately adding titanium trichloride (TiCl(3) ) to the reaction of resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) in an open reactor under ...

Pseudostilbene-type single crystals exhibit ubiquitous, fast, and reversible photomechanical motion under visible-light irradiation. Push-pull substituents impart extremely rapid switching using just one wavelength of light by shortening the lifetime of the cis-form. This results in a bending motion in the microsecond regime. The influence of crystal density, thickness, and molecular ...

By UV light irradiation, we can adjust the charge of bistable photoacid molecules reversibly, so that photo-induced current amplification can be obtained, which offers a way to control nanochannels by turning the UV light on and off, alternately.

Two quite sensible ways of recording audiometric threshold data emerged in the early 1920s. They were advanced by Edmund Prince Fowler, an otologist, and by Harvey Fletcher, a physicist. Either would probably have been better than the present system, and would have preserved scientific tradition relative to the orientation of ...