We report panchromatic light harvesting in hybrid TiO(2)/P3HT photovoltaic devices using a porphyrin dye that complements the light absorption of P3HT. The high short circuit photocurrent (12.1 mA cm(-2)) obtained is found to be due, in part, to Förster resonance energy transfer from the P3HT to the dye.

Limited environmental pollutants have only been investigated for the feasibility of light-emitting diodes (LED) uses in photocatalytic decomposition (PD). The present study investigated the applicability of LEDs for annular photocatalytic reactors by comparing PD efficiencies of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which has not been investigated with any LED-PD system, between photocatalytic ...

The surface structure of mesoporous TiO(2) is reconstructed via a visible-light-driven reaction with benzyl alcohol molecules at mild, anaerobic conditions, which substantially extends its visible-light absorption and photocatalytic activities.

To understand the regulatory mechanisms involved in tissue development by light, the kinetics of regulation of Casparian strip (CS) development in garden pea stems was studied. We found that short-term irradiation with white light delayed the development of the CS and used this delay to assess the quantitative effect of ...

Tungsten oxide (WO(3)) electrodes subjected to a positive bias are self-photorecharged with alkali cations in the electrolyte during visible light illumination. Upon photoexcitation, part of the photogenerated charges generated by WO(3) is stabilized by the cations and stored in situ within the WO(3) framework. This light-induced storage of charges is ...

Diatoms are responsible for biofouling, which causes many problems in various marine industries. This study examined the effects of different light conditions (intensity, incident direction, time of illumination) on the settling behavior of the marine diatom Navicula sp. on glass surfaces. The density of this diatom's settlement on glass was ...

A seeded heteroepitaxial growth of ZnO nanorods selectively on TiO(2) nanorod tips was achieved by restricting crystal growth on highly hydrophobic TiO(2) nanorod film surfaces. Intriguing light harvesting performance and efficient charge transport efficiency has been found, which suggest potential applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics.

The delafossite CuAlO(2) is successfully used for the visible light driven H(2)PO(4)(-) reduction. It is prepared from the nitrates decomposition in order to increase the ratio of reaction surface per given mass. CuAlO(2) is a narrow band gap semiconductor which exhibits a good chemical stability with a corrosion rate of ...

Cytoplasmic streaming in Characean internodes enables rapid intracellular transport and facilitates interactions between spatially remote cell regions. Cyclosis-mediated distant interactions might be particularly noticeable under nonuniform illumination, in the vicinity of light-shade borders where metabolites are transported between functionally distinct cell regions. In support of this notion, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of measuring rod and cone electroretinograms (ERGs) at a single mesopic adaptation level. To accomplish this, a four-primary photostimulator was implemented using a commercially available ERG system (Diagnosys ColorDome) to generate three types of stimuli that temporally modulated rods alone, ...

Optogenetics, the ability to use light to activate and silence specific neuron types within neural networks in vivo and in vitro, is revolutionizing neuroscientists' capacity to understand how defined neural circuit elements contribute to normal and pathological brain functions. Typically, awake behaving experiments are conducted by inserting an optical fiber ...

A new exclusion limit for the electromagnetic production of a light U(1) gauge boson γ^{'} decaying to e^{+}e^{-} was determined by the A1 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron. Such light gauge bosons appear in several extensions of the standard model and are also discussed as candidates for the interaction of ...

The photocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli K-12 is investigated by the natural sphalerite (NS) under different spectra, wavelengths and intensities of visible light (VL) emitted by light-emitting-diode lamp (LED). The spectrum effect of VL on disinfection efficiency is studied by using white LED, fluorescent tube (FT) and xenon lamp (XE), ...

Colors of scattering light of single gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were coded with the tricolor (RGB) system by assigning digital values to R, G and B and then this was applied to binding studies of thiols to AuNPs through RGB analysis.

We propose time-division based color electroholography with a one-chip RGB Light Emitting Diode (LED) and a low-priced synchronizing controller. In electroholography, although color reconstruction methods via time-division have already been proposed, the methods require an LCD with a high refresh rate and output signals from the LCD for synchronizing the ...

Contrary to the implication of the term "lightness constancy", asymmetric lightness matching has never been found to be perfect unless the scene is highly articulated (i.e., contains a number of different reflectances). Also, lightness constancy has been found to vary for different observers, and an effect of instruction (lightness vs. ...

Abstract Background and Purpose: Impaired irrigation causes reduced visibility in flexible ureteroscopy. The aim of this ex-vivo study was to investigate the impact of working tools on light transmission in a medium as an objective measurement of visibility in flexible ureteroscopes. Materials and Methods: Five ureteroscopes (Viper, Cobra, FlexX(2), URF-P5, ...

Background and Aims While the climbing habit allows vines to reach well-lit canopy areas with a minimum investment in support biomass, many of them have to survive under the dim understorey light during certain stages of their life cycle. But, if the growth/survival trade-off widely reported for trees hold for ...

The strong light-matter interaction within a semiconductor high-Q microcavity has been used to produce half-matter/half-light quasiparticles, exciton-polaritons. The exciton-polaritons have very small effective mass and controllable energy-momentum dispersion relation. These unique properties of polaritons provide the possibility to investigate the fundamental physics including solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics, and dynamical Bose-Einstein ...

Photoautotrophic organisms, the major agent of inorganic carbon fixation into biomass, convert light energy into chemical energy. The first step of photosynthesis consists of the absorption of solar energy by pigments binding protein complexes named photosystems. Within photosystems, a family of proteins called Light Harvesting Complexes (LHC), responsible for light ...

We have studied the spectroscopic properties of hair (white, blond, red, brown, and black) under illumination with visible light, giving special emphasis to the photoinduced generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)). Irradiation of hair shafts (λ(ex)>400nm) changed their properties by degrading the melanin. Formation of C3 hydroperoxides in the melanin indol ...

The inhibitory effects of the timing, intensity (I(I)) and period (I(T)) of night-interrupting light on diapause induction of the Kanzawa spider mite (Tetranychus kanzawai) were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. During a light and dark period of 8 and 16h d(-1), respectively, a single 1-h night-interrupting light was ...

In the current work we demonstrate the relevance of monochromatic light conditions in moss plant cell culture. Light intensity and illumination wavelength are important cultivation parameters due to their impact on growth and chlorophyll formation kinetics of the moss Physcomitrella patens. This moss was chosen as a model organism due ...

Purpose:  Cumulative light exposure is significantly associated with aging and the progression of age-related macular degeneration. To prevent the retina from blue-light damage in pseudophakia, blue-light-absorbing intraocular lenses (IOLs) have been developed. This study compares the possible protective effects of a blue-light-absorbing IOL to an untinted UV-absorbing IOL with regard ...

Nanoporous TiO(2) nanospheres with excellent visible light photocatalytic abilities and narrow pore size (11 ± 1 nm) distribution can be obtained via a rapid vapor assisted hydrolysis technique.

Fluorescence imaging locates fluorescent markers that specifically bind to targets, as tumors: markers are injected to a patient, optimally excited with near infrared light, and located thanks to backward emitted fluorescence analysis. To investigate thick and diffusive media, as the fluorescence signal decreases exponentially with the light travel distance, the ...

We have demonstrated an innovative ability of mechanoluminescent (ML) material as a light source for the first time. By appropriate smart size control and nondestructive mechanical stimulation, the ML particle can be considered a promising candidate of in situ light source for bio-imaging and photo-therapy even in a human body.

We have fabricated and characterized a weak light photodetector in a heterojunction composed of manganite La_0.4Ca_0.6MnO₃ and n-type Si. High-sensitivity photoresponse properties were investigated. The responsivities of open-circuit photovoltage and short-circuit photocurrent reach ∼1000 V/mJ and ∼30 A/mJ, respectively, without any amplification bias under irradiation by 20-ps-wide and 355, 532, and 1064-nm-wavelength ...

Properties that can now be achieved with advanced, blue indium gallium nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs) lead to their potential as replacements for existing infrastructure in general illumination, with important implications for efficient use of energy. Further advances in this technology will benefit from reexamination of the modes for incorporating ...

Aim:  This paper examines how smokers' beliefs about "light/ mild" cigarettes in Australia, Canada and the UK were affected by the removal of misleading "light/mild" terms from packs. Design, setting and participants:  The data come from the first 7 waves (2002-2009) of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Four-Country ...

Azobenzene-coated polymer nanoparticles in the 16-nm-diameter range act as phototriggered nanomotors combining photo to kinetic energy conversion with optical control through light intensity gradients. The grafted dyes act as molecular propellers: their photoisomerization supplies sufficient mechanical work to propel the particles in an aqueous medium toward the intensity minima with ...

We present a microfluidic artificial photosynthetic platform that incorporates quantum dots and redox enzymes for photoenzymatic synthesis of fine chemicals under visible light. Similar to natural photosynthesis, photochemical cofactor regeneration takes place in the light-dependent reaction zone, which is then coupled with the light-independent, enzymatic synthesis in the downstream of ...

Recent physiological studies claim that dark stimuli have access to greater neuronal resources than light stimuli in early visual pathway. We used two sets of novel stimuli to examine the functional consequences of this dark dominance in human observers. We show that increment and decrement thresholds are equal when controlled ...

Inverse light transport seeks to undo global illumination effects, such as interreflections, that pervade images of most scenes. This paper presents the theoretical and computational foundations for inverse light transport as a dual of forward rendering. Mathematically, this duality is established through the existence of underlying Neumann series expansions. Physically, ...

By simultaneously analyzing the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and light absorbance at 820 nm as well as chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, we investigated the effects of different photon flux densities (0, 15, 200 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) with or without 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) on the repair process of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves after treatment with low ...

A novel photochemical synthesis of size-controlled gold nanoparticles was reliably accomplished via both a direct reduction and a seeded-growth method at room temperature under the irradiation of fluorescent light. These methods utilized the intensity of fluorescent light that closely resembles daily sunlight (∼100 mW cm( - 2)). This effectively allowed for the ...

This research uses a roll-to-roll based ultraviolet (UV) resin process to make sub-wavelength gratings for display applications. Based on the rigorous coupling wave analysis (RCWA), we analyze the relationship between the first order transmission/reflection efficiency and the pitch of the grating for various shapes as rays pass through the sub-wavelength ...

Semiconducting nanowires have been demonstrated as promising light-harvesting units with enhanced absorption compared to bulk films of equivalent volume. However, for small diameter nanowires, the ultrahigh aspect ratio constrains the absorption to be polarization selective by responding primarily to the transverse magnetic (TM) light. While this effect is useful for ...

Micron-sized white light propagation invariant beams generated by a simple and compact fiber device are presented. The all-fiber device is fabricated by splicing a short piece of large-core multimode fiber onto a small-core single mode white light delivery fiber. Because this fiber device offers an inherent spatial coherence, nondiffracting white ...

We report a growth of p-CuO nanowire arrays with a simple thermal oxidation and a fabrication of nanowire-based heterojunctions by coating the p-CuO nanowire arrays in an n-ZnO layer through a thermal decomposition method. Their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance were investigated. Compared with the conductance in the dark, a ...

The attenuator for the wavelength at 1550 nm is fabricated by using the capillary effect to infiltrate liquid crystal (LC) E7 into hollow waveguides (HWGs) on silicon substrate with SiO₂ cladding layer. The length of the waveguide is 0.4 cm. The device can be operated with relatively low driving voltage ...

We present a successful attempt of decoupling a dye molecule from a metallic surface via physisorption for enabling direct photoisomerization. Effective switching between the isomers is possible by exposure to UV light via the rotation pathway.

Citation information: Tsujimura S, Tokuda Y. Delayed response of human melanopsin retinal ganglion cells on the pupillary light reflex. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00846.x ABSTRACT: Purpose:  A recent study has shown that retinal ganglion cells containing the photopigment melanopsin, which are intrinsically photosensitive in primates, project to the pupillary ...

Waves of correlated activity sweeping across the early postnatal mouse retina promote the segregation and refinement of retinofugal projections. This process has been thought to be spontaneous and unaffected by visual experience. We found, however, that light prolongs spiking during the waves and enhances the segregation of retinogeniculate afferents, and ...

Background and Aims Light quantity and quality affect internode lengths in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), whereby leaf area and the optical properties of the leaves mainly control light quality within a cucumber plant community. This modelling study aimed at providing a simple, non-destructive method to predict final internode lengths (FILs) using ...

The detection of specific cellular components using fluorescent agents such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), red fluorescent protein or Hoechst dyes provides a powerful tool for studying cell biology. However, specimens must be exposed to high-intensity light, which might cause cellular damage. Here, we exposed mouse metaphase stage (M) II ...

The presence of rusts of daylily and geranium caused by Puccinia hemerocallidis and P. pelargonii-zonalis, respectively, can result in reduced value of these ornamental crops. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of fluorescent light and sunlight on urediniospore germination, germ tube elongation, lesion development, and sporulation of the two ...

OBJECTIVE:: This overview of ultraviolet (UV) phototoxicity considers the interaction of UVA and short-wavelength VIS light with the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. METHODS:: The damage mechanisms underlying UV retinal phototoxicity are illustrated with a literature survey and presentation of experimental results. RESULTS:: Depending on the wavelength and exposure duration, ...

In roses, light is a central environmental factor controlling bud break, and involves a stimulation of sugar metabolism. Very little is known about the role of sucrose transporters in the bud break process and its regulation by light. In this study, we show that sugar promotes rose bud break, and ...

Cyanobacterial phytochrome 1 (Cph1) is a red/far-red light regulated histidine kinase, which together with its response regulator (Rcp1) forms a two-component light signalling system in <i>Synechocystis</i> 6803. In the present study we followed the <i>in vitro</i> autophosphorylation of Cph1 and the subsequent phosphotransfer to Rcp1 in different ionic milieus and ...