The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of accelerometer output, in counts (ActiGraph GT1M) and as raw accelerations (ActiGraph GT3X+ and GENEA), with ground reaction force (GRF) in adults. Ten participants (age: 29.4±8.2yr, mass: 74.3±9.8kg, height: 1.76±0.09m) performed eight trials each of: slow walking, brisk walking, slow ...

HYPOTHESIS: The transcranial attenuation of bone-conducted (BC) sound depends on the stimulation position and the stimulation frequency. BACKGROUND: Subjective transcranial attenuation of BC sound has previously only been measured at a few audiometric frequencies and with the stimulation at the mastoid. The results reported are on average of 5 to ...

BACKGROUND: The introduction of increasingly high speed drills for mastoid surgery has heightened the concern that cochlea damage may occur in both the operated and nonoperated ear. It has been observed clinically that this damage could be associated with frequencies above 8,000 Hz and that, to observe these changes, high-frequency ...

The use of biplanar videoradiography technology has become increasingly popular for evaluating joint function in vivo. Two fundamentally different methods are currently employed to reconstruct 3D bone motions captured using this technology. Marker-based tracking requires at least three radio-opaque markers to be implanted in the bone of interest. Markerless tracking ...

Objectives: (1) to estimate the amount of masking needed to eliminate perceptual responses to 1000- and 4000-Hz bone-conducted mixed amplitude- (AM) and frequency-modulated (FM) tonal stimuli in adults with normal hearing, and (2) to compare these findings to recently reported effective masking levels (EMLs) for bone-conducted 80-Hz ASSRs. Design: Stimuli ...

Round-window stimulation is a new clinical approach for the application of active middle-ear implants. To investigate factors influencing the efficiency of round-window stimulation, experiments in 6 human temporal bones were performed with different actuator geometries and coupling conditions. The experiments show that the amplitude ratio between stapes and round-window actuator ...

: Several studies have evaluated the effects of different stimulus and recording parameters on the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP); however, it is difficult to directly compare these studies as they have all used different recording methods, different sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle contraction/electromyography monitoring methods, and different stimulus parameters. : ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising for use in regenerative medicine. Low-level light irradiation (LLLI) has been shown to modulate various processes in different biological systems. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of red light emitted from a light-emitting diode (LED) on bone marrow MSCs with ...

In biomechanical modelling and motion analysis, the use of personalised data such as bone geometry would provide more accurate and reliable results. However, there are still a limited number of tools used to measure the evolution of articular interactions. This paper proposes a coherence index to describe the articular status ...

We describe the earliest fossils of the enigmatic avian taxon Opisthocomiformes (hoatzins) from the Oligo-Miocene (22-24 mya) of Brazil. The bones, a humerus, scapula and coracoid, closely resemble those of the extant hoatzin, Opisthocomus hoazin. The very similar osteology of the pectoral girdle in the new Brazilian fossil compared to the ...

Abstract Conclusion: The findings suggest that underwater sound perception is realized by the middle ear rather than by bone conduction, at least in shallow water conditions. Objective: To prove whether underwater sound perception is effected by bone conduction or by conduction via the middle ear. Methods: Five divers, breathing through ...

Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) stimuli can be used to measure otolith function using air (AC) and bone conducted (BC) stimuli. Cervical VEMPs reflect saccular function and can be recorded using air conduction (AC), whereas oVEMPs reflect probably predominantly utricular function. Air- and bone-conducted vibration can ...

The diversity in calls and sonic mechanisms appears to be important in Chaetodontidae. Calls in Chaetodon multicinctus seem to include tail slap, jump, pelvic fin flick and dorsal-anal fin erection behaviors. Pulsatile sounds are associated with dorsal elevation of the head, anterior extension of the ventral pectoral girdle and dorsal ...

Objective: To investigate interactions (if any) in the bone-conduction auditory steady-state response (BC ASSR) between multiple brief tones presented simultaneously. Methods: 500-, 1,000-, 2,000-, and 4,000-Hz brief tones, repeated at a rate of 77-101 Hz, were presented using a B-71 vibrator. BC ASSR thresholds and amplitudes at 50 dB nHL ...

The robot described in this paper, SUE (Supinator Extender), adds forearm/wrist rehabilitation functionality to the UCI BONES exoskeleton robot and to the ArmeoSpring rehabilitation device. SUE is a 2-DOF serial chain that can measure and assist forearm supination-pronation and wrist flexion-extension. The large power to weight ratio of pneumatic actuators ...

Abstract Conclusion. Noise levels sufficient to cause sensorineural hearing loss can be measured when electrical drills and suction are used during otological surgery, particularly if a running burr touches the endosteal membrane of the otic capsule. Our noise measurements confirm the theory that 'soft surgery' should be employed during otological ...

Abstract Objective: The objectives were to measure the occlusion effect produced by three earphones-circumaural, supra-aural, and insert-and to compare air- and bone-conduction thresholds obtained with manual and automated methods for subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. Design: Acoustic and psychoacoustic occlusion effects were measured with each earphone. Manual and automated, air- ...

Avian cranial kinesis, in which mobility of the quadrate, pterygoid and palatine bones contribute to upper bill elevation, is believed to occur in all extant birds. The most widely accepted model for upper bill elevation is that the quadrate rotates rostrally and medially towards the pterygoid, transferring force to the ...

Haitian species of the extinct ground sloth genus Neocnus (Mammalia: Pilosa: Megalonychidae) have previously been hypothesized to have a much reduced jugal bone and a correspondingly reduced masseter musculature but a paucity of specimens has prevented further investigation of this hypothesis. Recent discovery of jugal bones belonging to Haitian specimens ...

Objective. Superior semicircular dehiscence syndrome is associated with vestibular symptoms and an air-bone gap component in the audiogram, apparently caused by the creation of a pathological bony "third window" in the superior semicircular canal. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in auditory air- and bone-conduction thresholds to ...

The underlying mechanisms of action of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are still a matter of debate. TMS may impair a subject's performance by increasing neural noise, by suppressing the neural signal, or both. Here we delivered a single pulse of TMS (spTMS) to V5/MT during a motion direction discrimination task ...

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple motion measurement system with magnetic resonance (MR) compatibility and safety. The motion measurement system proposed here can measure 5-DoF motion signals without deteriorating the MR images, and it has no effect on the intense and homogeneous main magnetic field, the ...

We tested the efficacy of color context cues during adaptation to dynamic force fields. Four groups of human subjects performed elbow flexion/extension movements to move a cursor between targets on a monitor while encountering a resistive (Vr) or assistive (Va) viscous force field. They performed two training sets of 256 ...

Previous studies of tactile spatial perception focussed either on a single point of stimulation, on local patterns within a single skin region such as the fingertip, on tactile motion, or on active touch. It remains unclear whether we should speak of a tactile field, analogous to the visual field, and ...

Listeners had to compare, with respect to pitch (frequency), a pure tone (T) to a combination of pure tones presented subsequently (C). The elements of C were either synchronous, and therefore difficult to hear out individually, or asynchronous and therefore easier to hear out individually. In the "present/absent" condition, listeners ...

We describe an optomagnetic bionanotechnology for rapidand sensitive solution-based affinity assays. Nanoactuators made from bioactive magnetic nanoparticles undergo rotational motion in the volume of a fluid under frequency-controlled magnetic actuation. The nanoactuators show a time-dependent scattering cross-section to an incoming light beam. We demonstrate that the temporal behavior of the ...

Crowding (mutual scrambling of nearby peripheral stimuli) has several known asymmetries. We explored these and other asymmetries systematically across the visual field. Crowding strength for 16 target (Gabor) positions in the visual field (8 directions x 2 eccentricities) were determined by positioning a plaid mask made of two transparently overlaid ...

Light flashes delivered to one aggregate of cells evoked increased photon emission in another aggregate of cells maintained in the dark in another room if both aggregates shared the same temporospatial configuration of changing rate, circular magnetic fields. During the presentation of the same shared circumcerebral magnetic fields increases in ...

Natural sounds are characterized by their spectral content and the modulation of energy over time. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in awake macaques, we observed topographical representations of these spectral and temporal dimensions in a single structure, the inferior colliculus, the principal auditory nucleus in the midbrain. These representations are ...

Previous experiments with mice have shown that a repeated 1 h daily exposure to an ambient magnetic field shielded environment induces analgesia (anti-nociception). This shielding reduces ambient static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) by approximately 100 times for frequencies below 120 Hz. To determine the threshold of ELF-MF amplitude that ...

Accurate measurement of internal magnetic field direction using motional Stark effect (MSE) polarimetry in the edge pedestal is desired for nearly all tokamak scenario work. A newly installed 500 kHz 32-channel digitizer on the MSE diagnostic of DIII-D allows full spectral information of the polarimeter signal to be recovered for ...

Neural networks underlying visual perception exhibit oscillations at different frequencies (e.g.,). But how these map onto distinct aspects of visual perception remains elusive. Recent electroencephalography data indicate that theta or beta frequencies at parietal sensors increase in amplitude when conscious perception is dominated by global or local features, respectively, of ...

This review traces progress made in the field of visual motion research from 1985 through to 2010. While it is certainly not exhaustive, it attempts to cover most of the major achievements during that period, and speculate on where the field is heading.

The precise measurement of transition frequencies of trapped atomic samples is susceptible to inaccuracy arising from the inhomogeneous differential shift of the relevant energy levels in the presence of the trapping fields. We demonstrate near-complete cancellation of the differential ac Stark shift ("light shift") of a two-photon magnetic-field-insensitive microwave hyperfine ...

We propose that concurrently magnetic and ferroelectric, i.e., multiferroic, compounds endowed with electrically active magnetic excitations (electromagnons) provide a key to producing large directional dichroism for long wavelengths of light. By exploiting the control of ferroelectric polarization and magnetization in a multiferroic oxide Ba_{2}CoGe_{2}O_{7}, we demonstrate the realization of such ...

The visual motion-responsive middle temporal complex (hMT+) is activated during tactile and aural motion discrimination in both sighted and congenitally blind individuals, suggesting a supramodal organization of this area. Specifically, non-visual motion processing has been found to activate the more anterior portion of the hMT+. In the present study, repetitive ...

Pitch, the perceptual correlate of fundamental frequency (F0), plays an important role in speech, music, and animal vocalizations. Changes in F0 over time help define musical melodies and speech prosody, while comparisons of simultaneous F0 are important for musical harmony, and for segregating competing sound sources. This study compared listeners' ...

Theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocols have recently emerged as a method to transiently alter cortical excitability in the human brain through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. TBS involves applying short trains of stimuli at high frequency repeated at intervals of 200 milliseconds. Because repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is known to carry ...

Purpose. Various methods have been used for testing peripheral visual field disturbances such as defects caused by drug toxicity. Static threshold perimetry with Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) is widely available. The aim of this study was to better define the normal thresholds for peripheral visual field (PVF) sensitivity and to ...

When a moving featureless contour is viewed through a stationary circular aperture that occludes the contour's endpoints and the contour moves in a direction non-parallel to its orientation, observers report the contour's direction of motion as perpendicular to the contour's orientation regardless of its actual direction. In typical studies of ...

Red foxes hunting small animals show a specific behaviour known as 'mousing'. The fox jumps high, so that it surprises its prey from above. Hearing seems to be the primary sense for precise prey location in high vegetation or under snow where it cannot be detected with visual cues. A ...

A novel adaptive and approximate shift-invariant wavelet packet feature extraction scheme for event-related potentials (ERPs) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is introduced in this paper. In this algorithm, the shift-invariant wavelet packed decomposition is done by integrating a cost function for decimation decision in each sub-band expansion. Additionally, a shape adaptation ...

We measured at the fovea the chromatic contrast threshold for stimuli modulated along different chromatic directions in the isoluminant plane of MBDKL colour space, considering the two cardinal axes (L/M) and S/(L + M) and other intermediate non-cardinal directions. This psychophysical determination was conducted as a function of stimulus size. ...

This paper presents the results of non-contact measurements of the human ear round window (RW) membrane motion in freshly harvested human cadaver temporal bone specimens. A PSV 400 Scanning Laser Vibrometer system (Polytec, Waldbronn, Germany) was used to determine the effect of stapedotomy on the sound-induced displacement amplitude of the ...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have associated motion processing with cortical region MT+, which includes sub-region MT that preferentially processes motion in the contralateral visual field. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to temporarily disrupt MT+ which impaired motion perception, suggesting this region is necessary for motion processing. ...

Discrete track magnetic recording media with a 60 nm track pitch and prewritten servo patterns were fabricated and tested for read/write performance, and a feasibility analysis of the embedded servo was performed. The fabrication process consisted of ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) and sequential ion beam etching on a conventional perpendicular magnetic ...

The neural substrates of auditory motion processing are, at present, still a matter of debate. It has been hypothesized that motion information is, as in the visual system, processed separately from other aspects of auditory information, such as stationary location. Here we aimed to differentiate the location of auditory motion ...

A model for crosstalk in three-axial induction magnetometers has been developed theoretically and verified experimentally. The effect of crosstalk on the magnetometer accuracy has been analyzed. It has been found that the inevitable crosstalk in the transverse coils has two components: one due to the applied magnetic flux and the ...

Biosensors with increasingly high sensitivity are crucial for probing small scale properties. The asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR) sensor is an emerging sensor platform, based on magnetically actuated rotation. Here the frequency dependence of the AMBR sensor's sensitivity is investigated. An asynchronous rotation frequency of 145 Hz is achieved. This ...

Among various kinds of visual motion, wide field coherent visual motion should have characteristic physiological significance regarding the relationship between the external world and us. To detect veridical visual motion in the surrounding environment, specific mechanisms are necessary to differentiate it from the wide field coherent motion due to one's ...