Here, we examine how different emotions-happiness, fear, sadness and anger-affect the kinematics of locomotion. We focus on a compact representation of locomotion properties using the intersegmental law of coordination (Borghese et al. in J Physiol 494(3):863-879, 1996), which states that, during the gait cycle of human locomotion, the elevation angles of ...

Recent evidence suggests that the mirror neuron system responds to the goals of actions, even when the end of the movement is hidden from view. To investigate whether this predictive ability might be based on the detection of early differences between actions with different outcomes, we used electromyography (EMG) and ...

OBJECTIVE: Nonverbal motion cues (a clenched fist) convey essential information about the intentions of the actor. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have demonstrated impairment in deciphering intention from facial affective cues, but it is unknown whether such deficits extend to deciphering affect from body motion cues. METHOD: We examined the ...

The speed limit of 55mph (88km/h) is typically used on rural highways in the U.S. For locations where curbs are installed along these roadways, some transportation agencies have suggested the use of a lower 45mph (72km/h) speed limit because, according to AASHTO, running into curbs at high speeds may cause ...

The spectral nonlinear phase method and the Fourier amplitude method have been applied to measure the thin-film thickness profile in vertical scanning white-light interferometry (VSWLI). However, both the methods have their disadvantages, and accordingly their applications are limited. In the paper we have investigated the dependence of the sensitivities of ...

BACKGROUND: Functional studies in patients with autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) are usually confined to analysis of physiological and clinical impact at the ganglion cell (GG) and post GC levels. Here we aimed to investigate the impact of the disease at a pre-GC level and its correlation with GC/post-GC related ...

We present a solution-processed tri-layer light-emitting device architecture, comprising two hydrophobic and mobile-ion-containing "transport layers" sandwiching a hydrophilic and ion-free "intermediate layer", which allows for lowered self-absorption, minimized electrode quenching, and tunable light emission. Our results reveal that the transport layers can be doped in-situ when a voltage is applied, ...

Macroalgae occur in the marine benthos from the upper intertidal to depths of more than 200 m, contributing up to 1 Pg C per year to global primary productivity. Freshwater macroalgae are mainly green (Chlorophyta) with some red (Rhodophyta) and a small contribution of brown (Phaeophyceae) algae, while in the ocean all three ...

Manipulation at the atomic level: Freestanding SnS(2) single-layers with three atom thickness were synthesized through an exfoliation strategy. The SnS(2) single-layers have an increased density of states at the valence band edge. A photoelectrode made from this material shows a visible-light conversion efficiency of 38.7 % that is superior to most ...

Size-tunable titanium oxide (TiO(2)) nanotube powders offering both a light-scattering effect and a light-harvesting function were synthesized by a fast and facile anodizing method. When used to prepare the TiO(2) layer for a photoanode, their photovoltaic performances were much worse than that of a nanocrystal TiO(2) layer. However, when the ...

We describe a simple spectroscopic ellipsometer that uses a geometric phase shifter and a white-light source to generate a small number of phase-stepped intensities I(λ), which are recorded by a spectrometer. The ellipsometric angles ψ and Δ are easily calculated from these intensities at each wavelength simultaneously. We show that ...

The lamellar architecture of secondary osteons (Haversian systems) has been studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in transverse sections of human cortical bone. Na(3) PO(4) etching was used to improve the resolution of the interface between neighboring lamellae and the precision of measurements. These technical improvements permitted testing of earlier ...

Tandem organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are ideal for lighting applications due to their low working current density at high brightness. In this work, we have studied an efficient electron transporting layer of KBH₄ doped 9,10-bis(3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)anthracene (DPyPA) which is located adjacent to charge generation layer of MoO₃/NPB. The excellent transporting ...

Recently, the wavelength range around 1060 nm has become attractive for retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT), promising deep penetration into the retina and the choroid. The adjacent water absorption bands limit the useful bandwidth of broadband light sources, but until now, the actual limitation has not been quantified ...

The effect of using chirped multiple quantum-well (MQW) structures in InGaN green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is numerically investigated. An active structure, which is with both thick QWs with low indium composition on the p-side and thin QWs with high indium composition next to the n-region, is presented in this study. ...

We report on highly enhanced and controlled light outcoupling of bidirectional organic light-emitting diodes by introduction of an enhanced microcavity structure as well as an organic capping layer (OC). Combining both OC and microcavity, we find that the overall external quantum, as well as current efficiency (CE), can be greatly ...

Objective  To perform in vivo analysis of retinal functional and structural parameters in healthy mouse eyes. Animal Studied  Adult C57BL/6 male mice (n = 37). Procedures  Retinal function was evaluated using pattern electroretinography (pERG) and the chromatic pupil light reflex (cPLR). Structural properties of the retina and nerve fiber layer (NFL) were ...

The objective of this study was to compare the light transmittance of zirconia in different thicknesses using various light curing units. A total of 21 disc-shaped zirconia specimens (5 mm in diameter) in different thicknesses (0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 mm) were prepared. The light transmittance of the specimens under three ...

These experiments assessed the ability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to accurately represent the structural organization of the adult zebrafish retina and reveal the dynamic morphologic changes during either light-induced damage and regeneration of photoreceptors or ouabain-induced inner retinal damage. Retinas of control dark-adapted adult albino zebrafish were compared ...

We assessed the agreement of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) color codes between Stratus and Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) according to the glaucoma severity. We analyzed 184 eyes from 144 subjects with glaucoma and 40 normal subjects. Glaucoma was categorized into three subgroups according to mean deviation of visual ...

BACKGROUND: The clinical efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of poikiloderma of Civatte (PC) is well documented, but little is known about microscopic changes. OBJECTIVE: To analyze histopathologic findings on the necks of individuals with PC after IPL therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with PC on ...

Investigation of solar energy harvesting in hexagonally arranged Si nanowire (NW) arrays is performed through optimizing the structural parameters, such as array periodicity (P), Si NW diameter (D) and length (L). The results demonstrate that there exist wide P and D/P 'windows' for the Si NW arrays, locating around 600 nm ...

Crimp morphology is believed to be related to tendon mechanical behavior. While crimp has been extensively studied at slack or nondescript load conditions in tendon, few studies have examined crimp at specific, quantifiable loading conditions. Additionally, the effect of the number of cycles of preconditioning on collagen fiber crimp behavior ...

The plasterboard partition is composed of plasterboard, stud, runner and insulation; each component influences sound insulation performance of partitions. In this study, the sound insulation of plasterboard partitions varied in stud thickness and spacing was investigated. The partition was composed of two layers of fire-proof 12.5 mm plasterboard each side, ...

This study proposes scatterers discrimination method by using underwater irradiance in addition to the usual acoustic method. Mean volume backscattering strengths (MVBS) at 38 and 120 kHz and underwater irradiance were measured at fixed locations in the north-western Pacific from 24 to 27 August, 2008. Two sound scattering layers (SSLs) ...

Plasmonic graphene is fabricated using thermally assisted self-assembly of silver nanoparticles on graphene. The localized surface-plasmonic effect is demonstrated with the resonance frequency shifting from 446 to 495 nm when the lateral dimension of the Ag nanoparticles increases from about 50 to 150 nm. Finite-difference time-domain simulations are employed to ...

The evanescent light photon extraction efficiency of insulator, semiconductor and conductor amorphous nanolayers deposited on glass waveguides was evaluated from Differential Evanescent Light Intensity measurements. The Differential Evanescent Light Intensity technique uses the evanescent field scattered by the deposited nanolayer, enabling nanometer thickness profiling due to the high inherent dark ...

We developed a novel addressable discrete-line-scanning multiphoton microscope with high lateral and axial resolutions based on a spatial light modulator. Our discrete-line-focus design eliminates the cross talk that occurs in conventional one-dimensional line-scanning multiphoton microscopies. Additionally, a phase-only spatial light modulator is able to scan only a sample's target area ...

We formulate a theory to show that the statistics of OCT signal amplitude and intensity are highly dependent on the sample reflectivity strength, motion, and noise power. Our theoretical and experimental results depict the lack of speckle amplitude and intensity contrasts to differentiate regions of motion from static areas. Two ...

We experimentally demonstrate a wideband near-perfect light absorber in the midwave IR region using a multiplexed plasmonic metal structure. The wideband near-perfect light absorber is made of two different size gold metal squares multiplexed on a thin dielectric spacing layer on top of a thick metal layer in each unit ...

Objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) frequently causes injury to the anterior visual pathway (AVP), impairing quality of life due to visual dysfunction. Development of biomarkers in MS is a high priority and both low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) and time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) have been proposed as candidates for this purpose. ...

Light-trapping is essential to improve the performance of thin-film solar cells. In this paper, we perform a parametric optimization of 1-D square and sinusoidal grating structures that act as nanophotonic scatterers to increase light absorption in ultra-thin (10nm) solar cells. Our optimization reveals that the short-circuit current density in a ...

Circular polarizer (CP)-free, high-contrast inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (ITOLEDs) are demonstrated by using a semitransparent Ag electrode capped with a single dielectric layer as a top anode and Cs₂CO₃ (1.5 nm)/Al (1.5 nm)/Cr (100nm) as a partially absorbing bottom cathode. Low luminous reflectance is achieved by combining the broadband ...

Primary production (PP) in the English Channel was measured using (13)C uptake and compared to the electron transport rate (ETR) measured using PAM (pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer). The relationship between carbon incorporation (P(obs)) and ETR was not linear but logarithmic. This result can be explained by alternative electron sinks at ...

Previous studies have shown that complex visual stimuli, such as emotional facial expressions, can influence brain activity independently of the observers' awareness. Little is known yet, however, about the "informational correlates" of consciousness - i.e., which low-level information correlates with brain activation during conscious vs. non-conscious perception. Here, we investigated ...

Light trapping across a wide band of frequencies is important for applications such as solar cells and photodetectors. Here, we demonstrate a new approach to light management by forming whispering-gallery resonant modes inside a spherical nanoshell structure. The geometry of the structure gives rise to a low quality-factor, facilitating the ...

Objective : The present study examined the relationship between experiences of discrimination and occurrence of binge eating among overweight and obese persons, a population which has previously shown elevated rates of binge eating. Methods : Internet-based questionnaires were used to measure frequency and impact of discrimination, binge eating frequency, and ...

While viewing a large vertically moving sinusoidal luminance grating, the perception of upward self-motion (vection) was modulated by positive sounds (e.g., a baby's laughter). This may be because positive emotion and the spatial metaphor of vertical directions were unified in the mind.

[This corrects the article on p. e34583 in vol. 7.].

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common procedure with good survivorship and functional results. Optimal results are dependent on proper osseous cuts and soft tissue balancing. Soft tissue tensioning via the polyethylene spacer thickness is an important component of soft tissue balancing. Increased thickness increases soft tissue tension and, therefore, ...

One central issue in social cognitive neuroscience is that perceiving emotions in others relates to activating the same emotion in oneself. In this study we sought to examine how the ability to perceive own emotions assessed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale related to both the ability to perceive emotions depicted ...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the frequency of breakfast eating was related with overweight/obesity in Korean adolescents. We analyzed the data collected in the 5(th) KYRBWS, in which 72,399 adolescents participated in 2009. We assessed the association between frequency of breakfast eating and body mass index ...

Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) is based on measuring the temporal correlation of the light intensity scattered by the investigated sample. A typical setup requires a temporally coherent light source. Here, we show that a short-coherence light source can be used as well, provided that its coherence properties are suitably modified. ...

Midshipmen will be getting involved in an ASA education outreach effort by presenting or recording a number of acoustical demonstrations geared to promote a hands-on learning experience for middle- and high-school age girl scouts. This is an extension of the demonstration effort and outreach presented at the ASA Meeting held ...

During needle insertion in soft tissue, detection of change in tissue properties is important both for diagnosis to detect pathological tissue and for prevention to avoid puncture of important structures. The presence of a membrane located deep inside the tissue results in a relatively small force variation at the needle ...

Light scattering was used to measure the time-dependent loss of air entrapped within a submerged microporous hydrophobic surface subjected to different environmental conditions. The loss of trapped air resulted in a measurable decrease in surface reflectivity and the kinetics of the process was determined in real time and compared to ...

Measurements of electric birefringence with increased sensitivity are possible using lasers with high intensity and stability, provided that perturbations resulting from stray light and strain in cell windows can be reduced. A new type of cell window is designed for minimal strain and is used in a standard birefringence setup ...

The dependence of fluorescent and scattered light intensities from spherical droplets on droplet diameter was evaluated using Mie theory. The emphasis is on the evaluation of droplet sizing, based on the ratio of laser-induced fluorescence and scattered light intensities (LIF/Mie technique). A parametric study is presented, which includes the effects ...

A procedure for the selective extinction of the scattered light based on "null ellipsometry" [R. M. A. Azzam and N. M. Bashara, Ellipsometry and Polarized Light (North-Holland, 1977)] is presented. The technique allows scattering measurement from individual layers of a multilayer component by extinguishing the scattered light from the other ...

A parallel wavefront optimization method is demonstrated experimentally to focus light through random scattering media. The simultaneous modulation of multiple phase elements, each at a unique frequency, enables a parallel determination of the optimal wavefront. Compared to a pixel-by-pixel measurement, the reported parallel method uses the target signal in a ...