Oscillations have been increasingly recognized as a core property of neural responses that contribute to spontaneous, induced, and evoked activities within and between individual neurons and neural ensembles. They are considered as a prominent mechanism for information processing within and communication between brain areas. More recently, it has been proposed ...

The main global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) technique currently used for accurate time and frequency transfer is based on an analysis of the ionosphere-free combinations of dual-frequency code and carrier phase measurements in a precise point positioning (PPP) mode. This technique analyses the observations of one GNSS station using external ...

Frequency lowering technologies offer an alternative amplification solution for severe to profound high frequency hearing losses. While frequency lowering technologies may improve audibility of high frequency sounds, the very nature of this processing can affect the perceived sound quality. This article reports the results from two studies that investigated the ...

We present an overview of the bimodal amplitude-frequency-modulation (AM-FM) imaging mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM), whereby the fundamental eigenmode is driven by using the amplitude-modulation technique (AM-AFM) while a higher eigenmode is driven by using either the constant-excitation or the constant-amplitude variant of the frequency-modulation (FM-AFM) technique. We also ...

Auditory feedback from the animal's own voice is essential during bat echolocation: to optimize signal detection, bats continuously adjust various call parameters in response to changing echo signals. Auditory feedback seems also necessary for controlling many bat communication calls, although it remains unclear how auditory feedback control differs in echolocation ...

Hemispheric specialization for spatial frequency processing was investigated by measuring the contrast sensitivity curves of sine-wave gratings in 30 left or right brain-damaged patients using different spatial frequencies compared with healthy participants. The results showed that left brain-damaged patients were selectively impaired in processing high frequencies, whereas right brain-damaged patients ...

Analysis of resting-state networks using fMRI usually ignores high-frequency fluctuations in the BOLD signal - be it because of low TR prohibiting the analysis of fluctuations with frequencies higher than 0.25 Hz (for a typical TR of 2 s), or because of the application of a bandpass filter (commonly restricting the signal ...

When animals live in cities, they have to adjust their behaviour and life histories to novel environments. Noise pollution puts a severe constraint on vocal communication by interfering with the detection of acoustic signals. Recent studies show that city birds sing higher-frequency songs than their conspecifics in non-urban habitats. This ...

Abstract To expand the performance capacity of the scanning haptic microscope (SHM) beyond surface mapping microscopy of elastic modulus or topography, surface density mapping of a natural tissue was performed by applying a measurement theory of SHM, in which a frequency change occurs upon contact of the sample surface with ...

Monaural envelope correlation perception concerns the ability of listeners to discriminate stimuli based on the degree of correlation between the temporal envelopes of two or more frequency-separated bands of noise [Richards, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1621-1630 (1987)]. Previous work has examined this ability for relatively narrow bandwidths, generally 100 Hz ...

In applied research, noise annoyance is often used as indicator of subjective reaction to aircraft noise in residential areas. The present study aims to show that the meaning which respondents attach to the concept of aircraft noise annoyance is partly a function of survey context. To this purpose a survey ...

The constant darkness of caves and other subterranean habitats imposes sensory constraints that offer a unique opportunity to examine evolution of sensory modalities. Hearing in cavefishes has not been well explored, and here we show that cavefishes in the family Amblyopsidae are not only blind but have also lost a ...

Flagellar and ciliary motility are driven by the activity of dynein, which produces microtubule sliding within the axonemes. Our goal is to understand how dynein motile activity is regulated to produce the characteristic oscillatory movement of flagella. Analysis of various parameters, such as frequency and shear angle in beating flagella, ...

Research exploring the role of spatial frequencies in rapid stimulus detection and categorization report flexible reliance on specific spatial frequency (SF) bands. Here, through a set of behavioral and magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiments, we investigated the role of low spatial frequency (LSF) (<8 cycles/face) and high spatial frequency (HSF) (>25 cycles/face) ...

The results of a study of the three-dimensional vibration of two dry human skulls in response to harmonic excitation are presented. The vibratory response exhibits three distinct types of motion across the range of audible frequencies. At low frequencies below 1000 Hz, whole-head quasi-rigid motion is seen. At the middle ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of audiograms that are notched (1) at 4,000 Hz and (2) at 3,000, 4,000, and/or 6,000 Hz. Bilateral audiograms from 1,000,001 veterans were obtained from Department of Veterans Affairs archives; after "cleaning" algorithms were applied, 744,553 participants (mean ...

An evolutionary war is being played out between the bat, which uses ultrasonic calls to locate insect prey, and the moth, which uses microscale ears to listen for the approaching bat. While the highest known frequency of bat echolocation calls is 212 kHz, the upper limit of moth hearing is ...

The assessment of musculo-articular stiffness (MAS) with the free-oscillation technique is a popular method with a variety of applications. This study examined the sources of variability (load applied and frequency of oscillation) when MAS is assessed. Over two testing occasions, 14 healthy men (27.7±5.2 yr, 1.82±0.04 m, 79.5±8.4 kg) were ...

The coinciding form and meaning similarity of cognates, e.g. 'flamme' (French), 'Flamme' (German), 'vlam' (Dutch), meaning 'flame' in English, facilitates learning of additional languages. The cross-language frequency and similarity distributions of cognates vary according to evolutionary change and language contact. We compare frequency and orthographic (O), phonetic (P), and semantic ...

Rotary analysis decomposes vector motions on the plane into counter-rotating components, which have proved particularly useful in the study of geophysical flows influenced by the rotation of the Earth. For stationary random signals, the motion at any frequency takes the form of a random ellipse. Although there are numerous applications ...

In this study, we examine acoustic individuality in male duet songs of wild, non-habituated Bornean southern gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) and identify contributing acoustic variables. We recorded 174 male duet songs from nine groups in a rainforest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Each male portion of the duet was analysed for 14 ...

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to analyze the exposure effects of different types of noise measures carried out at preschools. The project was carried out as an intervention study. METHODS: The investigation included 89 employees at 17 preschools in the northern part of Sweden. Individual noise recordings and ...

Although many athletic activities and plyometric training methods involve both unilateral and bilateral movement, little is known about differences in the leg stiffness (Kleg) experienced during one-legged hopping (OLH) and two-legged hopping (TLH) in place. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hopping frequencies on differences ...

The unique ability of plasmonic nanostructures to guide, enhance, and manipulate subwavelength light offers multiple novel applications in chemical and biological sensing, imaging, and photonic microcircuitry. Here the reproducible, giant light amplification in multiscale plasmonic structures is demonstrated. These structures combine strongly coupled components of different dimensions and topologies that ...

Background: Steady state responses (SSRs), between 75 and 110 Hz, evoked by auditory amplitude modulated single or multiple tone stimuli, may be used to estimate objective hearing threshold. Methods: The aim of this study was to compare SSRs and click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) in both ears of 20 adults ...

OBJECTIVE:: The goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tympanometry and wideband reflectance (WBR) in detecting conductive hearing loss (CHL) in young infants. METHODS:: Type of hearing loss was determined using auditory brainstem response using air- and bone-conducted tone bursts in 84 ears from 70 infants (median ...

In this study, the dynamic compressive properties in five different regions of the porcine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc are investigated over a wide range of loading frequencies. The aim was, thus far, to evaluate the regional difference and the frequency-related effect of the applied load on these properties. Eleven porcine ...

As a suddenly abnormal discharge of brain neurons, epilepsy can lead to encephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. Data of 3 epileptic patients recorded by depth intracranial electrodes are analyzed with time-frequency algorithms to observe the abnormal changes in different frequency ranges. Comparing the frequency domain of the normal and epileptic signals that ...

BACKGROUND.: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by the following subjective complaints without distinct organic changes: burning sensation in mouth or chronic pain of tongue. BMS is also known as glossodynia; both terms are used equivalently in Japan. Although the real cause of BMS is still unknown, it has been ...

The aim of this article is to describe a database of diphone positional frequencies in French. More specifically, we provide frequencies for word-initial, word-internal, and word-final diphones of all words extracted from a subtitle corpus of 50 million words that come from movie and TV series dialogue. We also provide ...

BACKGROUND: The use of simulation for laparoscopic training has led to the development of objective tools for skills assessment. Motion analysis represents one area of focus. This study was designed to assess the evidence for the use of motion analysis as a valid tool for laparoscopic skills assessment. METHODS: Embase, ...

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the association between otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), pure-tone thresholds, and self-reported hearing disability. Design: A population-based cohort of 4202 adults was examined with air conduction pure-tone audiometry, transient OAE (TEOAE), and distortion product OAE (DPOAE). Participants completed 15 self-report items on hearing ...

There is considerable variability in the quantification of event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes and latencies. We examined susceptibility of ERP quantification measures to incremental increases in background noise through published ERP data and simulations. Measures included mean amplitude, adaptive mean, peak amplitude, peak latency, and centroid latency. Results indicated mean amplitude ...

Brain networks are commonly defined using correlations between blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in different brain areas. Although evidence suggests that gamma-band (30-100 Hz) neural activity contributes to local BOLD signals, the neural basis of interareal BOLD correlations is unclear. We first defined a visual network in monkeys based on converging ...

The aim of this study was to obtain morphological data on the supraorbital foramina and notches related to sex and side of the skull in populations from different climatic conditions. We assume that the type and frequency of these supraorbital structures may depend on the climatic conditions in which the ...

Fundamental to the experience of music, beat and meter perception refers to the perception of periodicities while listening to music occurring within the frequency range of musical tempo. Here, we explored the spontaneous building of beat and meter hypothesized to emerge from the selective entrainment of neuronal populations at beat ...

We investigated the radio-frequency transmission properties of reduced graphene oxide (GO) sheets including contact effects with the metal electrodes. GO sheets were prepared by dielectrophoresis and their structural characteristics were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The contact resistance was much higher than the intrinsic resistance over the ...

Various studies have shown subjects to mislocalize cutaneous stimuli in an idiosyncratic manner. Spatial properties of individual localization behavior can be represented in the form of perceptual maps. Individual differences in these maps may reflect properties of internal body representations, and perceptual maps may therefore be a useful method for ...

A multi-gigahertz frequency comb (MGFC)-based interferometer was developed for profilometry and tomography using a frequency variable supercontinuum (SC). The comparatively flattened and broadened SC light source with variable multi-gigahertz interval frequency was developed using an optical pulse synthesizer and highly nonlinear dispersion flattened fiber. The generated SC provided a stable ...

Populations of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) are distributed along coastal regions of the south-west Indian Ocean (SWIO), from South Africa to Kenya. An account of whistles from wild T. aduncus inhabiting the SWIO is provided here. Recordings were made at Plettenberg Bay (South Africa) and Zanzibar Island (Tanzania) and ...

The aims of these double-blind in-vivo trials of a prototype ultrasonic cough stimulator (CoughStim™) were to establish (1) whether ultrasound (US) stimulation can be safely used to stimulate a cough, (2) the most efficient US frequency and power parameters to reliably stimulate a cough, (3) whether single- or dual-sided stimulation ...

Thalassaemia is the most frequent hereditary disorder in Pakistan, with an estimated 8-10 million carriers. This single-centre study reported the frequency of haemoglobinopathies among 504 consecutive cases visiting Islamabad Diagnostic Centre for haemoglobin electrophoresis from July 2010 to February 2011. Haemoglobin electrophoresis was performed on cellulose acetate membrane, followed by ...

To examine the validity of a Telemedicine-Based for measuring elbow range of motion. Cross-sectional descriptive studies in elbow flexion-extension and forearm pronation-supination were measured on 30 subjects. The intraclass correlation (ICC) and the percentage of degree of difference within fifteen and ten degrees between measurements obtained by telemedicine-based technique (VDO-clip) ...

Measures of spectral ripple resolution have become widely used psychophysical tools for assessing spectral resolution in cochlear-implant (CI) listeners. The objective of this study was to compare spectral ripple discrimination and detection in the same group of CI listeners. Ripple detection thresholds were measured over a range of ripple frequencies ...

A frequency-domain turbo equalization (FDTE) scheme without cyclic prefix (CP) or zero padding is proposed for single-carrier, multiple-input-multiple-output underwater acoustic communication. In the first iteration of the FDTE, the received continuous data stream is divided into consecutive blocks and a combined inter-block-interference (IBI) cancellation and overlapped windowing scheme is used ...

We performed measurements of carrier-phasebased two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWST-FT) with an A/D sampler and conventional TWSTFT system. We found that an instability resulting from a local signal at the satellite transponder was negligible. The short-term stability of 4 × 10(-13) at 1 s was achieved in a ...

This study investigated the influence of high-frequency cue bands on the detection and discrimination of low-frequency target bands presented in a 3000-Hz low-pass noise masker. Target and cue bands were complex tones with 80-Hz spacing. The cue band consisted of 60 components starting at 4000 Hz; targets consisted of four components ...

In retrospective studies the range of motion of the knee is gathered from existing clinical notes or databases. This study aims to assess the validity of this retrospective data. The range of motion of 48 patients was assessed using a goniometer and compared to that entered in the patient notes ...

A characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the development of tremor within the 4-6Hz range. One method used to better understand pathological tremor is to compare the responses to tremor-type actions generated intentionally in healthy adults. This study was designed to investigate the similarities and differences between voluntarily generated 4-6Hz ...

This study examined the relationship between head and trunk sway and between pelvis and leg sway during quiet stance in subjects with long-standing bilateral peripheral vestibular loss (BVLs) comparing these relationships to those of age-matched healthy controls (HCs). All subjects performed 3 different stance tasks: standing quietly on a firm ...