Experiments are not models of cooperation; instead, they demonstrate the presence of the ethical and other-regarding predispositions that often motivate cooperation and the punishment of free-riders. Experimental behavior predicts subjects' cooperation in the field. Ethnographic studies in small-scale societies without formal coercive institutions demonstrate that disciplining defectors is both essential ...

Legally, women, Native Americans, and African-Americans were defined by the American Constitution as inferior. The pragmatists gradually showed that all selves are equal. These ideas helped the minorities to attain nearly full legal status. But economic status is going in the other direction, toward inequality. It threatens to overcome the ...

The 2nd Annual Shanghai Symposium on Chemical and Pharmaceutical Structure Analysis (CPSA Shanghai 2011) was held on 13-16 April 2011 in Shanghai, China. The CPSA Shanghai meetings began in 2010 and are an international extension of the CPSA USA annual meetings - the first industry-led event to focus on the ...

Among current bioethical issues one of the most dilemmatic is an issue of surrogacy. It causes great moral, ethical and legal debate. The article aims to show philosophical and legislation aspects of surrogacy. The meaning of "motherhood", "kinship", "liberty" in connection with surrogacy is analyzed. The article provides an overview ...

PURPOSE:: Medical genetics lends itself to disseminated teaching methods because of mismatches between numbers of physicians having patients with genetic disorders and availability of genetic specialists. METHOD:: During 3 years, we implemented an interactive, web-based curriculum on ethical, legal, and social implications in medical genetics for primary care residents in ...

The relationship between orthopaedic surgeons and the device industry is one that is mutually beneficial and productive. However there are skeletons in the closet. The financial implications of this relationship have come under intense scrutiny. The sponsorships and the financial benefits of this symbiotic relationship have been found to cross ...

To summarize the role of oncology nurses in the ethical, legal, psychosocial, and cultural issues inherent in genetic testing for hereditary cancer risk and to describe the recent trend and implications of direct-to-consumer genetic tests. Published articles/books, legal rulings, professional organization statements. Ethical, legal, psychosocial, and cultural implications are inherent ...

In 2010, the annual general meeting of the Clinical Investigator Trainee Association of Canada - Association des cliniciens-chercheurs en formation du Canada (CITAC-ACCFC) and the Canadian Society for Clinician Investigators (CSCI) was held between September 20 and 22 in Ottawa. Several globally-renowned scientists, including this year's CSCI/Royal College Henry Friesen ...

Recent years have seen the emergence of software for pre-operative morphing in rhinoplasty. However, a number of issues persist, such as price, time investment, limited number of modifiable variables, reduction of complexity, false expectations, informed consent, medico-legal implications and classical ENT practice. The use of preoperative morphing cannot be recommended ...

A chronology of the use of the words Audiology and Audiologist is traced through a number of American professional and trade journals. The coining of the word Audiology has been credited variously to Mayer B. A. Schier, Willard B. Hargrave, Stanley Nowak, Norton Canfield, and Raymond Carhart. Attempts to document ...

The defibrinating agent ancrod (Arvin) was used instead of heparin for intermittent haemodialysis. It was an effective, and apparently safe, anticoagulant and reduced the deposition of fibrin and leucocytes on the Cellophane membrane. Administration was more complicated and urea dialysance was less with ancrod than with heparin.