To present some highlights and comments about ethical, legal and social issues related to alcohol and drug research. Alcohol and drug research has a lack of scientific production related to ethical, legal and social issues. Many papers simply describe summarily the informed consent process and other related issues. Informed consent ...

In an earlier article, I argued that David Estlund's notion of 'normative consent' could provide justification for an opt-out system of organ donation that does not involve presumptions about the deceased donor's consent. Where it would be wrong of someone to refuse their consent, then the fact that they have ...

The desirability of obtaining freely given consent is universally accepted. The point, however, is that there is no unanimity on the definition of informed consent or its application in bioethics. Whether informed consent is based on principalism or casuistry or the virtue theory, the problem is how to handle the ...

This Ethics Corners poses a series of queries concerning Biospecimen Banking. Particular attention is given to ownership v custodianship, and informed consent.

This paper suggests that many of the pressing dilemmas of bioethics are global and structural in nature. Accordingly, global ethical frameworks are required which recognize the ethically significant factors of all global actors. To this end, ethical frameworks must recognize the rights and interests of both individuals and groups (and ...

One of the major factors contributing to production losses in the equine industry is pathogenic-associated reproductive dysfunction. While it is difficult to place a true value on the economic losses associated with pathogen-induced reproductive dysfunction in the horse due to the varying value of individual animals, the severe financial loss ...

In research ethics there is a canon regarding what ethical rules ought to be followed by investigators vis-à-vis their treatment of subjects and a canon regarding what fundamental ethical principles apply to the endeavor. What I aim to demonstrate here is that several of the rules find no support in ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Umbilical cord blood (CB) banking and therapeutic use raise several ethical issues: medical indications, legal framework, public versus private biobanks, autologous versus allogeneic use, ownership, commercialisation, quality assurance and many others. Surrogate informed consent is one of the most notable controversial ethical issues. The aim of this ...

Canadian law, and the physician's code of ethics, requires that informed consent be obtained before any medical act is performed. However, there are no rules about how consent is to be obtained and by whom, and how that consent is to be documented.In April 2008, we asked the heads of ...

A number of moral rules guide human actions. In addition, the acts of healthcare providers are guided by professional codes of biomedical ethics. This article describes the rules and ethical principles at play when treatment is considered following hip fracture in an older adult with dementia.

This final rule eliminates the 1 year lock out for non-Active Duty members who disenroll from TRICARE Prime before their annual enrollment renewal date.

This article concerns the validity of six canonical rules that institutional review boards use to constrain the behavior of investigators. These rules require investigators to design their studies in a scientifically valid way, not pay their subjects to take risks, minimize risks to their subjects, secure for their subjects access ...

In primitively eusocial societies, all individuals can potentially reproduce independently. The key fact that we focus on in this paper is that individuals in such societies instead often queue to inherit breeding positions. Queuing leads to systematic differences in expected future fitness. We first discuss the implications this has for ...

BACKGROUND: The recent Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults defined a predictive rule to identify patients with severe CAP to determine the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We clinically validated this rule. METHODS: We analyzed 2102 episodes ...

There will be times when physical therapists will be asked to treat patients who cannot afford needed services. Under such circumstances, physical therapists are at serious risk of violating the laws and rules governing their profession and also, perhaps, at risk of violating their personal moral or ethical values if ...

The much studied case of Moore v. Regents of the University of California is often considered important in property law for denying property rights in human tissue. This widespread misunderstanding of Moore has not only misplaced the legal emphasis of human tissue donations on property law instead of contract law, ...

Bioterrorism is multi-faceted. Its impact will extend beyond the victims, the agent used, and the perpetrator(s). The rule of law must be considered in the wake of September 11 and the fall 2001 anthrax attacks. Bioterrorism preparedness should address rule of law and social issues. Laboratory professionals must be prepared ...

We conducted a cross-sectional study of all exhibit booths for the 24 pharmaceutical companies at the 2002 American Psychiatric Association (APA) convention. We collected and categorized one of each item distributed by the companies at each booth. A total of 268 items were collected from 24 companies (median=8). The most ...

During the intense political upheaval that dominated the middle decades of the twentieth century, modern states intensified their drives to discipline broad sectors of society and ensure their political reliability. Subjected to such pressures, scientific institutions faced the challenge of admitting new, officially mandated criteria into the regulation of scientific ...

Everybody loves the stories of heroes like Martin Luther King, Jr., Mother Teresa, and Gandhi. But the heroic model of moral leadership usually doesn't work in the corporate world. Modesty and restraint are largely responsible for the achievements of the most effective moral leaders in business. The author, a specialist ...

The Endocrine Pathology Society wishes to remind all members and other individuals submitting manuscripts for publication about the rules of good conduct as they apply to the publication of research. The fundamentals include honesty, fairness, and the promulgation of common interest for the profession and society. The rules of good ...

R.M. Hare and Harry J. Gensler have each argued that abortion can be shown to be immoral by appealing to a version of the golden rule. I argue that both versions of the golden rule argument against abortion should be rejected: each rests on a version of the golden rule ...

That the influx of technology into our lives will include its entry into law and legal proceedings is a foregone conclusion. "Progress" of this kind can be slowed or regulated, perhaps, but it cannot be stopped. The proposed use of positron emission tomography (PET) scan-derived data on brain functioning in ...

Earlier this month, more than 2000 astronomers convened in Tucson, Arizona, for the American Astronomical Society's largest meeting ever. Even the war drums beaten by a few local Apaches and their supporters, protesting a University of Arizona telescope project, could not drown out lecture-hall and corridor discussions of topics such ...

This paper which is based on the works of Byzantine chroniclers examines the imposition of blinding as a penalty in Byzantium. Punishment by blinding, though of extremely ancient origin, was imposed on Christians in the Roman Empire under the rule of Diocletian (AD 303). This continued up to the time ...

This Law contains rules on the registration and censuses of Italians abroad. It provides that registers are to be kept in municipalities and with the Ministry of the Interior, sets forth details on registration procedures and the cancellation and modification of registration, and describes the categories of Italian citizens abroad ...

The ethics of mandatory elder abuse reporting statutes are analyzed in terms of beneficence, autonomy, and nonmaleficence. The statutes, based on the ethical principle of beneficence, are now the law in 37 states. However, evidence to support that the statutes actually fulfill rules derived from beneficence is weak. As a ...

It takes much more than knowledge to become an outstanding leader today. Authoritative, moral, and sacrificial leadership must be evident in performance, and although increasingly uncommon in our society, involvement with our fellow human beings must go far beyond getting along with others. The true leader must have faith in ...

The author summarizes his past work on committees with special emphasis on the Chair as leader, administrator, meeting head, and spokesperson. Articulating principles of agenda and temporal integrity, the "rule of halves," the "rule of three-fourths," and the "rule of thirds," Dr. Tropman provides a procedural checklist to help the ...

Frederick III, the grandfather of economist Oskar Morgenstern, was misidentified in the 12 August issue (p. 649). Frederick was King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany; he ruled briefly in 1888.

The bye-laws of the Amsterdam Barber-Surgeon's Guild in the 17th century are mentioned and the rules for instruction in anatomy are discussed. The picture of the lesson given by Dr. Nicolaas Tulp and painted by Rembrandt in 1632 is explained and the accusation of an anatomical mistake is disposed of. ...

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Bowling Green State University, 2007.

The book contains the texts of twenty professional papers, as well as shorter statements by panel participants, and considerable verbatim discussions. Starting with the theme of the need for rules and rights in the use of the sea, the proceedings then go on to consideration of existing fisheries arrangements and ...