This short series of two papers will examine the relationship between ethics and dentistry. The first paper explores the meaning of ethics; the second will provide a catalogue of primary sources for dental practitioners who wish to read further in order to gain a core of knowledge about dental ethics.

Teaching ethics incorporates teaching of knowledge as well as skills and attitudes. Each of these requires different teaching and assessment methods. A core curriculum of ethics knowledge must address both the foundations of ethics and specific ethical topics. Ethical skills teaching focuses on the development of ethical awareness, moral reasoning, ...

Implicit in Jung's alchemical metaphor of the vas bene clausum is the idea of an analytic frame with a space inside it for something vital, a relationship between two selves, to develop. For this to happen, analysts must respect their patients' rights to confidentiality. The paper explores the analyst's state ...

This paper seeks to explore the genesis of the capacity for an ethical attitude, personally and professionally. As analysts working in intimate clinical settings, ethics is at the foundation of our professional lives, as it is at the foundation of our humanity and what it is we struggle towards in ...

Society uses animals in ever-increasing numbers and ways, providing ethical challenges. Decisions about animal use are guided by the social consensus ethic towards animals. Because there is no clear social consensus ethic, these decisions are difficult. Society's ethic is changing and a "new ethic" towards animals is emerging. This study ...

Healthcare financial managers are confronted daily with ethical and practical conflicts, particularly with regard to meeting the conflicting and unduly restrictive laws and regulations with which their organizations must comply. Sometimes the right course of action is not clear, as an examination of the 72-hour rule, safe harbor provisions, and ...

Practitioners of pain medicine and palliative care may already be quite familiar with clinical ethics, yet still uncertain about the precise nature of the field and the scope of its activities. Clinical ethics is centrally concerned with the ethics of the encounter between the healthcare professional and the patient in ...

Ethics is the systematic study of human conduct examined in the light of moral values and principles. It is the most important competency in dentistry, in business, and in life. Competency in ethics requires an understanding of its accepted principles, and such competency is the obligation of every dental professional.

A meta-ethical analysis demonstrates that care ethics is a grounded in a distinct mode of moral reasoning. This is comprised primarily of the rejection of principles such as impartiality, and the endorsement of emotional or moral virtues such as compassion, as well as the notion that the preservation of relations ...

After criticizing three common conceptions of the relationship between practical ethics and ethical theory, an alternative modeled on Aristotle's conception of the relationship between rhetoric and philosophical ethics is explored. This account is unique in that it neither denigrates the project of searching for an adequate comprehensive ethical theory nor ...

A lawyer representing healthcare clients confronts numerous ethical issues in day-to-day practice. The authors, practicing healthcare attorneys, first give a quick overview of the history of today's rules of legal ethics, and then turn to hypothetical (but realistic) scenarios to examine counsel's duties under various circumstances. The Article concludes with ...

In an invited response, the Detroit Mercy, School of Dentistry combined ethics and law four-year curriculum is analyzed. Previous models combining law and ethics have shown more success in the former than the latter. Additional concerns include the lack of an explicit measure of ethical outcomes such as moral reasoning ...

A decade ago, we reviewed the field of clinical ethics; assessed its progress in research, education, and ethics committees and consultation; and made predictions about the future of the field. In this article, we revisit clinical ethics to examine our earlier observations, highlight key developments, and discuss remaining challenges for ...

An Aristotelian conception of practical ethics can be derived from the account of practical reasoning that Aristotle articulates in is Rhetoric and this has important implications for the way we understand the nature and limits of practical ethics. an important feature of this conception of practical ethics is its responsiveness ...

OBJECTIVE: To represent a cross-section of current thinking on the ethics of early (primary) prevention in schizophrenia. METHOD: Ethical considerations presented at the First Australian Schizophrenia Prevention Conference, Sydney, March 1999, particularly from the final session on 'Ethics', are recorded here together with complementary referenced material. RESULTS: Ethical concerns arise ...

This article derives from a doctoral thesis in which a particular discourse was used as a 'paradigm case'. From this discourse an ethic set within a South African culture arose. Using many cultural 'voices' to aid the understanding of this narrative, the ethic shows that one can build on both ...

The parameters of the problem within which the principal aim of the present article will be addressed can be described as follows. When making ethical decisions there are different perspectives that health care professionals may use. This may lead to conflict and insufficient co-operation between the members of the health ...

There are no predictable external cues to ethical dilemmas, therefore, physicians must develop internal sensitivity to these issues. Because there is only a finite number of ethical problems, these recur with predictable frequency. The current essay reviews three books from the literature that present ethical difficulties that were unrecognized until ...

Little consideration has been given to the ethics of innovation in surgery despite the major role of innovation in orthopaedic practice. We propose that a series of cases of increasing ethical complexity may serve as a classification system and assist orthopaedists in thinking about the ethical dimensions of other cases.

Julie Stone is a health care lawyer and ethicist, specializing in law and ethics of the CAM relationship. She is currently a Visiting Scholar at University of Hawaii, where she is researching the interface between Western biomedicine and indigenous healing practices. As a member of a multi-centre research ethics committee, ...

Joseph Rotblat was born in Warsaw in 1908. He trained in nuclear physics and later specialized in radiation biology. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995, with the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international ...

Ethics committees offer the opportunity to air ethical differences in a nonadversarial manner, enabling those involved to discuss and understand their differences. Establishing processes for an ethics committee involves reflection on basic ethical principles of conduct governing an individual or group. Agencies can learn from the process of ethical decisionmaking ...

Nine examples are presented illustrating the kinds of problems encountered in actual practice by conscientious engineers. These cases are drawn fom the records of the IEEE Ethics Committee, and from the experience of the ethics helpline initiated recently by the Online Ethics Center for Engineering and Science. They range from ...

In recent years, social work's knowledge base related to professional ethics has expanded significantly. However, most practicing social workers concluded their formal professional education at a time when comprehensive ethics education was not a critical or mandated component of the curriculum. This article integrates current knowledge on social work ethics ...

Social work as an expression of culture is a highly value-laden activity. The emergence of many new ethical issues resulting from technological and scientific advancements suggests a need for greater attention to values and ethics. In this article the authors argue that the thought of Mahatma Gandhi, as revealed in ...

In this paper, we describe our recent approaches to introducing students in a beginning computer science class to the study of ethical issues related to computer science and technology. This consists of three components: lectures on ethics and technology, in-class discussion of ethical scenarios, and a reflective paper on a ...

In this essay, we demonstrate that the field of computer ethics shares many core similarities with two other areas of applied ethics. Academicians writing and teaching in the area of computer ethics, along with practitioners, must address ethical issues that are qualitatively similar in nature to those raised in medicine ...

The role of ethics in technology development has been often questioned, especially in the early days of societal reflection of technology. However, the situation has changed dramatically. Ethical consideration now is generally declared to be indispensable in shaping technology in a socially acceptable and sustainable way. The expectations of ethics ...

This paper explores the role of ethics in design. Traditionally, ethical questions have been seen as marginal issues in the design of technology. Part of the reason for this stems from the widely held notion of technology being "out of control." This notion is a barrier to what I call ...

Contemporary ethical debate about clinical practice centres primarily on the individual resolution of dilemmas, an approach which is incompatible with the social constructionist focus on human interdependence. Many constructionists argue that virtue ethics (VE) offers a more useful perspective on ethics than either consequentialism or deontology. From this perspective, the ...

Much modern science and ethics debate is on high-profile problems such as animal organ transplantation, genetic engineering and fetal tissue research, in discourse that assumes technical tones. Other work, such as narrative ethics, expresses the failed promise of technology in the vivid detail of human experience. However, the essential nature ...

This paper reviews three personal situations of the author as a student: an NGO activist in the women's movement and a UN official working on women's health and tobacco. Each situation, the kinds of ethical issue posed and lessons for the future direction of ethics in anthropology are outlined. The ...

In this paper three models of teaching and learning medical ethics are discussed critically, the traditional and revised vocational models, and the patient-centred model. The autonomy-oriented patient-centred ethics of Beauchamp and Childress is rejected in favour of a hermeneutic practical ethics. A performative conception of ethics teaching is recommended as ...

Types of ethics are classified as more or less holistic in three respects. Current forms of applied ethics (among them reflective equilibrium) are criticized for being reductionist rather than holistic. It is claimed that applied ethics ought to be of a holistic kind. Two examples (tracing of hereditary cancer and ...

Anthropologists concerned about the discipline's ability to cope ethically and ethnographically with a globalized world should not dismiss too hastily the methodology--and the ethics built into it--that anthropology developed over the last century. This methodology of making "displacing" translations, based on ethnographic experience and a politics of translation, can still ...

The movement to respect cultural diversity, known as multiculturalism, poses a daunting challenge to healthcare ethics. Can we construct a defensible passage from the fact of cultural differences to any claims regarding morality? Or does multiculturalism lead to ethical relativism? Macklin argues that, in view of a leading distinction between ...

This paper is a call for awareness and continual examination of the multifaceted nature of ethics and closely related ideas as they relate to anthropology. At the very least, the lack of common understanding of these ideas has been and continues to be a pressing prblem for all who practice ...

A psychologist with experience teaching ethics in dentistry observes that ethical practice involves three skills: reflection (to understand the ethical issue), introspection (to discover the forces for action), and communication (to carry ethics into action). Several short cases are presented showing how ethical communication can be difficult. Direct communication (what ...

Biomedical science and engineering is inextricably linked with the fields of medicine and surgery. Yet, while physicians and surgeons, nurses, and other medical professionals receive instruction in ethics during their training and must abide by certain codes of ethics during their practice, those engaged in biomedical science and engineering typically ...

This survey of 207 senior- and mid-level administrators from across the U.S. details the surprising level and type of ethical conflicts and unethical practices they face on the job and how their organizations create and respond to these challenges. The findings suggest widespread ethical conflict caused by situational and environmental ...

Ethics is becoming institutionalized. And many questions are raised thereby. Can ethics help institutions? What problems are involved in being an institutional ethicist? What are the appropriate connections and boundaries between institutions and ethicists? How do responses to these questions help guide the institutional structures that must be built to ...

The ethical calculus is described. There are four entities that have a stake in all ethical decisions. These are the individual, family, community and society at large. Values assigned to these entities can be modified by experience, cultural background, religious authority and the law. In the simple case of in ...

The purposes of this study were to investigate the ethical aspects of induced abortion from the viewpoint of Korean women, and to compare and contrast their ethical considerations and values with the views of western ethical scholars. The two extremes of ethical arguments about induced abortion are pro-life and pro-choice. ...

A shift in accepted practice regarding sharing research led one editor to discuss adopting a legal rather than a moral stance to enforce ethical standards. Familiar ethical concerns regarding consent and balancing individual rights against those of others are considered, alongside lacunae in the field, by drawing on virtue ethics. ...

Ethical dilemmas are inherently challenging. By definition, clinicians decide between conflicting principles of welfare and naturally confront competing pulls and inclinations. This investigation of students' responses to an ethical scenario highlights how emotions and concerns can interfere with willingness to implement ethical knowledge. Clear-cut rules are the exception in psychotherapy, ...

Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, studied in isolation, shows mainly an elective affinity or an adequacy on the level of meaning between the Protestant ethic and the 'spirit' of capitalism. Here it is suggested that Weber's subsequent essays on 'The Economic Ethics of World Religions' ...

Ethics is the application of values and moral rules to human activities. Bioethics is a subsection of ethics, actually a part of applied ethics, that uses ethical principles and decision making to solve actual or anticipated dilemmas in medicine and biology. This article focuses on the primary principles of biomedical ...

Ethics plays a dual role in psychiatry. The extrinsic role is in defining the rules of ethical conduct for the psychiatrist as a professional dealing with patients, peers and society at large. The intrinsic role is in defining ethical or moral conflict as a determining component in the construction of ...

This paper briefly reviews basic concepts of ethics, including its meanings and dimensions and its relationship to culture. It then examines the ethical bases of medicine and psychiatry. Of particular relevance here is the connection between ethics as concern for totality and the fundamentals of health and healing. Next, the ...

Ethics is one means that societies use to deal with certain kinds of problems, specifically those that can cause harm. One approach to these problems is the creation of laws designed to prevent or limit harm in specified situations. Thus ethics and politics, although not equivalent, are closely related. Because ...