A conventional notion regarding ethics and natural scrence is that they are fundamentally different intellectual disciplines, in which ethics is the study of values dealing with the concepts of ought or should (rooted in the dichotomous of good/evil or right/wrong) while natural science is value-free research which attempts to deal ...

Ethics is the philosophical study of mortality--the study of goodness, moral values, and right action. Citizenship ethics is the part of public ethics that is concerned with the right action of citizens in the public arena. This article defines citizenship ethics and examines the ethics of individual citizens or groups ...

A philosophy of nursing requires an ethical cornerstone. I describe three dialectical layers of an ethical cornerstone: subjective immersion, objective detachment, and relational narrative. Dialectically, the move from immersion to detachment is the turn from communitarian to rational ethics, replacing traditions with universal principles. The move from universalism to engagement ...

The advent of cloning animals has created a maelstrom of social concern about the "ethical issues" associated with the possibility of cloning humans. When the "ethical concerns" are clearly examined, however, many of them turn out to be less matters of rational ethics than knee-jerk emotion, religious bias, or fear ...

In this paper, I argue that bioethics suffers from a masculinist approach--what I call "ethical androcentrism." Despite the genesis of other legitimate approaches to ethics (such as feminist, narrative, and communicative ethics), this masculinist tradition persists. The first part of my paper concerns the problem of ethical androcentrism, and how ...

The author highlights the importance of emotions in all ethical reflections. He describes the most common positions of ethicists employing duties and rights as the basis for ethical thought. The author, goes to Freudian theory as viewed by the utilitarians, stating that the 'quest for pleasure' is not necessarily egocentric, ...

As the world has become more complex, so too have our ethical conceptualizations about it. In the 1970s, ethical theories and principle-based bioethics dominated. Then clinicians and scholars began to experience the limitations of these two approaches when used alone. In the 1980s, women's voices began to be heard through ...

Curiosity and imagination have been neglected in epistemology. This paper argues that the role of curiosity and imagination is central to the way we think, regardless of whether it is thinking about problems of ethics or problems of science. In our ever more materialistic society, curiosity and reason are either ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the preoccupation of general surgeons concerning ethics. DESIGN: A survey by questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand members of the Canadian Association of General Surgeons were surveyed through a questionnaire, which inquired about the influence of ethics in their clinical practices. The questionnaire contained 12 questions. There was no ...

Critics of clinical ethicists sometimes claim that if there were expertise in ethics, then there would have to be objective moral knowledge. They also assume that there would be only one kind of ethics expertise, and that it would be a kind of professional specialization. All three assumptions are mistaken.

Psychotherapy is an activity which takes many forms and which has many aims. The present paper argues that it can be viewed as a form of moral suasion. Kant's concepts of free will and ethics are described and these are then applied to the processes and outcome of psychotherapy. It ...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this descriptive study was to (a) identify the types of ethical conflicts and their resolutions reported by a group of certified pediatric nurse practitioners (CPNPs) in their ambulatory practice and (b) to examine demographic, educational, and practice-setting factors associated with these conflicts. METHOD: Five hundred fifty-nine ...

We often think of research ethics mostly in connection with the processes of intervention, data collection, and analysis, but ethics does not stop there. The process of preparing publications involves a number of ethical considerations, including continued protection of the rights of human subjects; reporting findings truthfully, accurately, and completely ...

In this paper I seek to distinguish a feminist virtue ethics of care from (1) justice ethics, (2) narrative ethics, (3) care ethics and (4) virtue ethics. I also connect this contemporary discussion of what makes a virtue ethics of care feminist to eighteenth and nineteenth century debates about male, ...

The question to be addressed in this paper is: How can the ethics of justice and the ethics of care be used complementary to each other in ethical decision making within the health care team? Various arguments are presented that justify the reasons that the ethics of justice and the ...

Since in 1995, ALTEX offered the literary report a kind of journalistic home and - being a scientific journal - opened up even more in the direction of the Arts, the ethical dialogue could gain in shape as well as in colour. To deepen this co-operation even further every fourth ...

Ethics Summit I was a unique gathering of organizations representing all of oral health care, convened by the American College of Dentists, for the purpose of seeking a common ethical ground. The background of the conference and its logistics are described here. Four themes were discussed: the role of ethics ...

Using transgenic animals as clinical models pose certain problems since they can suffer. Yet in single cases transgenic animals can reduce the suffering of (other) animals. The permission to generate transgenic animals is not yet clearly regulated in Switzerland. The term "dignity of creature", as formulated in the Swiss Constitution, ...

The topic "Ethics in Research and Surgical Practice" appears most appropriate for the 1997 Claude H. Organ, Jr. Honorary Sandoz Nutrition Lecture. With the increasing numbers of ethical problems facing clinicians today, greater emphasis on ethics is demanded. This lecture focuses primarily on the clinical applications of basic science and ...

An orderly scheme of action is proposed to allow for the practical solution of clinical ethical problems. This scheme depends on understanding and discussion, between patient and doctor, of the ethical assumptions involved in any dilemma. Instead of the more usual ethical principles, arguments are presented for six basic ethical ...

The reflections put forward in this text concern the clinical and practical difficulties posed by the existence of patients in PVS, and the essential ethical issues raised, combining these ethical questions with practical and theoretical experience. Section 1 presents the methodology of the ethical reflection as we see it. Section ...

Alcohol policy in modern society has been embedded in three of its great ideals: progress, individualistic universalism and nationalism. The total consumption theory and the idea of the public good have been the culmination of modern thinking in the prevention of alcohol problems. The modern ideals have today become achieved. ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the need for hospital clinical ethics committees by studying the frequency with which ethical dilemmas arose, the perceived adequacy of the process of their resolution, and the teaching and training of staff in medical ethics. DESIGN: Interviews with individuals and three multidisciplinary teams; questionnaire to randomly selected ...

Views on ethical conduct in occupational medicine practice can vary from country to country and even between occupational health practitioners. However, there are many areas of common agreement, and this is apparent on comparing guidance documents on ethics produced by several different organizations. The usefulness of these documents will depend ...

There is great skepticism about the admittance of expert normative ethics testimony into evidence. However, a practical analysis of the way ethics testimony has been used in courts of law reveals that the skeptical position is itself based on assumptions that are controversial. We argue for an alternative way to ...

This article addresses the ethics of utilizing the bogus pipeline (BPL) procedure in social psychological research. A debate is presented between 2 positions: One challenges the use of the BPL based on ethical principles, and the other confronts these challenges. The debate addresses the void in previous BPL literature regarding ...

Documented ethical violations and empirical research have demonstrated that, despite professional standards and formal training in ethical principles, some psychotherapists engage in unethical behaviors that compromise the welfare of clients. It appears that competing values and interests that emerge in the therapeutic endeavor can interfere with therapists' considerations of ethical ...

This article examines the impact of ethical climate types (shared perception of how ethical issues should be addressed and what is ethically correct behavior) on various facets of job satisfaction of nurses in a large nonprofit private hospital. The results of the study indicate that hospitals may be able to ...

There are three major ethical approaches to issues affecting nonhuman animals and the natural environment: an anthropocentric ethic, and ethic of concern for all sentient beings, and a biocentric approach. The ethic of concern for all sentient beings is the most defensible basis for resolving conflicts between the interests of ...

This article offers a justification for a set of principles that constitute the ethical underpinnings of forensic psychiatry. Like professional ethics in general, the principles are based on the particular societal functions performed by forensic psychiatrists and result in the intensification of obligations to promote certain important moral values. For ...

This essay argues that while we have examined clinical ethics quite extensively in the literature, too little attention has been paid to the complex question of how clinical ethics is learned. Competing approaches to ethics pedagogy have relied on outmoded understandings of the way moral learning takes place in ethics. ...

The historical stages through which Latin American society has passed are at least four: the first, dominated by a particular sort of ethic I have termed the "ethic of the gift;" then the period of conquest, in which the prevalent ethic was one of war and subjection by force, which ...

To suffer is to undergo, to bear, to endure. Suffering exists on the underside of agency; it is as important to ethics as agency. The experience of suffering is never entirely captured by the ethical, political, medical and spiritual categories in which it is represented. Perhaps an engagement with suffering ...

The dentist of the '90s will have to be a highly competent clinical ethicist to thrive in and feel good about dentistry. Ethics is often mistaken by dental professionals and students to be a dull, dry recounting of the things they must avoid to stay out of trouble. This article ...

For the purpose of illuminating the meaning of being in ethically difficult situations, eight enrolled nurses, 12 registered nurses and 10 physicians (n = 30) working in intensive care units in Sweden were asked to narrate care episodes of ethical difficulty. A phenomenological-hermeneutical analysis of the 30 narratives about nine ...

Local ethics committees (institutional review boards, or similar bodies) were established during the last decades at (bio)medical research institutions worldwide to serve as review bodies of the proposed research projects (inclusive protocols of clinical trials), and also to monitor if the ethical principles, including the requirements of good practice (clinical, ...

The goal is to isolate points of philosophical interest in the preceding articles on narrative medical ethics in order to focus subsequent dialogue between the two disciplines. Ethics is an enterprise that has over the centuries developed a somewhat malleable structure, comprising characteristics, methods, lines of reasoning, rules, principles, assumptions, ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent to which actions reported by internal medicine trainees conflict with published guidelines on ethics. METHODS: A confidential survey was sent to a random sample (N = 1000) of associate members of the American College of Physicians (ACP). Questions were asked about ethical decision making in ...

Within the field of medical ethics there is a startling amount of diversity regarding which issues and relationships are deemed relevant for ethical inquiry and analysis, what strategies are appropriate for examining and resolving ethical conflict, what should be the goals for medical ethics, even who should participate in that ...

Consensus has not been reached on the philosophy, the purpose, and the pedagogy of ethics education. This paper examines elements that should be considered in the curricular design of ethics education. The paper synthesizes the literature on the content, the structure, the faculty, the pedagogical strategies, and the evaluation methods ...

The paper is based on a long term experience in discussing problems of human-animal relations under ethical aspect. Ethical philosophy tries to set the standards. How do we live with these expections? - The dangers and consequences are being discussed. In the final part the circle of consideration will be ...

These present guidelines issue from the recognition that human beings, in their need to solve the problems of their existence, cannot dispense with experimentation on animals, while on the other hand the ethical principle of reverence for life lays upon them the charge of protecting animals. They reflect the conviction ...

Understanding the social context of clinical ethics is vital for making ethical discourse central in professional practice and for preventing harm. In this paper, we present findings about clinical ethics from in-depth interviews and consultation with 7 members of a hospital social work department. Workers gave different accounts of ethical ...

In the United States, principled based ethics has molded bioethics to a large extent. These ethical principles, autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, veracity and fidelity used in clinical ethics have embedded in them values and assumptions. This research examined the end-of-life decisions made by or for patients who are Chinese-Americans, Black-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, ...

In this chapter, I will examine the main ethical parameters of the arguments pertaining to the alleged 'right' to advertise tobacco products and those maintaining that it should be banned. In particular, I will explore the ethics of the adoption of 'partial' bans on tobacco advertising, since there are now ...

This paper explores alternative approaches to ethical understanding in social work by applying them to a story of a young woman with AIDS. After presenting the story, I present four perspectives on ethical discernment: the principles approach, virtue ethics, feminist ethics and Afrocentricity. Each approach raises different questions and issues ...

Nurse executives have opportunities for creating constructive organizational cultures and for supporting ethical healthcare practice. Because culture and ethics are so central to effective nursing practice, this study explored relationships between them, measuring ethics as work satisfaction pertaining to ethics. This article provides initial assessment of one dimension of ethics, ...

This paper, written by a logician and two psychoanalysts, deals with the existence of logical relationships between ethics and psychoanalysis, which can be expressed as propositions. With a view to focusing the discussion on this point, the authors have deliberately abstained from any polemics concerning the scientific status of psychoanalysis, ...

Virtue is the most perdurable concept in the history of ethics, which is understandable given the ineradicability of the moral agent in the events of the moral life. Historically, virtue enjoyed normative force as long as the philosophical anthropology and the metaphysics of the good that grounded virtue were viable. ...

A contemporary health dilemma, that of mandatory HIV testing of patients and professionals, is used as a focus for an ethics class. Background material which is given to students is described and referenced. The interjection of ethical theory is described. The exercise has provided an effective focus for medical and ...