Manufacturers will need to improve quad bike design to meet safety requirements.

The 8th Annual Conference of the Global College of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration (GCNN) was global in the true sense of the word as it was held beyond European boundaries for the first time in the beautiful ambience of the ancient and modern environment of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on ...

The ESF-EMBO conference 'Functional Neurobiology in Minibrains' was held in the sunny Spanish seaside resort of Sant Feliu de Guíxols in October 2010. The meeting brought together approximately 100 scientists to discuss the interactions between neurobiology and robotics.

The twenty-first century presents a major challenge for civil engineering. The magnitude and future importance of some of the problems perceived by society are directly related to the field of the civil engineer, implying an inescapable burden of responsibility for a group whose technical soundness, rational approach and efficiency is ...

The joint Cold Spring Harbor/Wellcome Trust Conference on pharmacogenomics, held in the USA and the UK in alternate years, focuses on the growing contribution of genomic technologies to the study of variable human responses to therapeutic agents. The meeting brings together researchers from academic, medical, regulatory and industrial sectors who ...

International Pharmaceutical Federation Pharmaceutical Science World Congress and American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting and Exposition, New Orleans, LA, USA, 15 November 2010. Continuing the Waters Corporation Bioanalysis World Tour, an evening symposium was held aboard the Creole Queen (New Orleans, LA, USA) on 15 November 2010 as part ...

'Engineering Toxins for 21st Century Therapies' (9-10 September 2010) was part of the Royal Society International Seminar series held at the Kavli International Centre, UK. Participants were assembled from a range of disciplines (academic, industry, regulatory, public health) to discuss the future potential of toxin-based therapies. The meeting explored how ...

I reflect on the past, present, and future of the field of bioethics. In so doing, I offer a very situated overview of where bioethics has been, where it now is, where it seems to be going, where I think we could do better, and where I dearly hope the ...

Darwinian natural selection draws on Malthus' harsh vision of human society to explain how organisms come to be adapted to their environments. Natural selection produces the appearance of teleology, but requires only efficient causal processes: undirected, heritable variation combined with effects of the variations on survival and reproduction. This paper ...

International Pharmaceutical Federation Pharmaceutical Science World Congress and American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting and Exposition, New Orleans, LA, USA, 15 November 2010. Continuing the Waters Corporation Bioanalysis World Tour, an evening symposium was held aboard the Creole Queen (New Orleans, LA, USA) on 15 November 2010 as part ...

This panel session at the 2009 Annual Meeting involved a discussion of views of government, industry, and national research laboratory members on the primary future goals in developing advanced nuclear reactor and nuclear fuel cycle designs, fuel management, and used fuel disposal options. The session at the 2009 NCRP Annual ...

The 80th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Hygiene was held this year in Sendai. The authors hosted a symposium entitled "Perspective for molecular epidemiologic cohort study of lifestyle-related disease," at which four guests served as panelists. Through the courtesy of Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ohtsuki, space in the current issue ...

The APA Ethical Code struggles to offer guidance in the rapidly changing field of clinical health psychology. Professional challenges anticipated in the next decade are described, and their implications for ethical practice examined. This paper is based in part on a presentation at the 2009 Conference at the Association of ...

In 2009, the National Academy for Engineering issued the Grand Challenges for Engineering in the 21st Century comprised of 14 technical challenges that must be addressed to build a healthy, profitable, sustainable, and secure global community (http://www.engineeringchallenges.org). Although crucial, none of the NEA Grand Challenges adequately addressed the challenges that ...

In 2009, the National Academy for Engineering issued the Grand Challenges for Engineering in the 21st Century comprised of 14 technical challenges that must be addressed to build a healthy, profitable, sustainable, and secure global community (http://www.engineeringchallenges.org). Although crucial, none of the NEA Grand Challenges adequately addressed the challenges that ...

Achieving a good clinical trial design increases the likelihood that a trial will take place as planned, including that data will be obtained from a sufficient number of participants, and the total number of participants will be the minimal required to gain the knowledge sought. A good trial design also ...

The practice of complementary medicine (CAM) often involves touch. The unique philosophy of many CAM therapies, and the setting in which treatments are provided create a therapeutic space which may be less clearly defined than in conventional settings - a space in which the boundaries between professional touch and personal/intimate ...

This article addresses ethical questions and issues related to the treatment of sex offenders in denial, using the empirical research literature and the ethical codes of American Psychological Association (APA) and National Association of Social Workers (NASW) to guide the ethical decision-making process. The empirical literature does not provide an ...

An increasing interest in professional ethics is observed among occupational health professionals. To this may contribute the ongoing financial crisis of world economy. The moral development, induced i.a. by the Nuremberg trials in 1947 has probably contributed to a changing moral landscape. Within health professions, including many categories of occupational ...

Engineers, architects, and other technological professionals designed the genocidal death machines of the Third Reich. The death camp operations were highly efficient, so these technological professionals knew what they were doing: they were, so to speak, good engineers. As an educator at a technological university, I need to explain to ...

The development of information and communication technologies for design of environments for ageing is of great importance considering demographic trends in the future. There is a realistic hope for the preservation of self-determination and independence in the long term. However, some risks like a gradual loss of privacy should not ...

The scandal of health professionals' involvement in recent human rights abuses in United States military detention centres has prompted concern that Australian military physicians should be well protected against similar pressures to participate in harsh interrogations. A framework of military health ethics has been proposed. Would a code of professional ...

At present, neurosurgical practice is confronted by an explosion of technology. Rapid advances in neurosurgical knowledge and technology are putting increased pressure on neurosurgeons to process huge quantities of information, with requirements for continuous learning and updating scientific knowledge and skills which are time consuming but essential. Changes to the ...

To survey the views of clinicians (urologists and gynecologists) about a proposed randomized surgical trial comparing two approaches for the treatment of women with urinary incontinence and vaginal prolapse. A questionnaire survey nested within a pilot randomized controlled trial of colposuspension versus anterior repair plus TVT (CARPET1) for women with ...

The Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardization, CEN) Workshop on Coding of Information and Traceability of Human Tissues and Cells was established by the Expert Working Group of the Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs of the European Commission (DG SANCO) to identify requirements concerning the coding ...

The following amendments to the 2002 "Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct" (the Ethics Code; American Psychological Association, 2002) were adopted by the APA Council of Representatives at its February 2010 meeting. The changes involve the last two sentences of the final paragraph of the Introduction and Applicability ...

This article summarises the key ethical considerations involved in performing clinical trials involving persons who cannot conscious, free and informed consensus. Criteria are considered, which are drawn from ethical codes, declarations, treaties, conventions, regulations and other documents and published by national, international, and supranational institutions and authorities. The article focuses ...

Physical therapy, like all health-care professions, governs itself through a code of ethics that defines its obligations of professional behaviours. The code of ethics provides professions with a consistent and common moral language and principled guidelines for ethical actions. Yet, and as argued in this paper, professional codes of ethics ...

The authors utilize stakeholder theory to provide a new analysis of the professional liability crisis, by identifying the major stakeholders in our current system of professional liability, their respective obligations and self-interests, and how these interests are advanced and constrained by the current system. This stakeholder analysis reveals a core ...

In order to illustrate how terms of reference themselves, such as those announced by 'professional ethics', delimit and distort moral consideration I start with an extended discussion of how Just War Theory operates to do this; and go on to discuss 'the power of naming' with reference to the British ...

Trial protocols are documents that describe the objectives, design, methodology, statistical considerations and aspects related to the organization of clinical trials. Trial protocols provide the background and rationale for conducting a study, highlighting specific research questions that are addressed, and taking into consideration ethical issues. Trial protocols must meet a ...

The ethical dispute regarding placebo-controlled trials is discussed in this review. Important issues, such as clinical equipoise, fiduciary obligation and middle ground theory, are examined in the context of pediatric urology clinical research. After reviewing the literature, the authors summarize specific indications for placebo-controlled trials in pediatric urology, and emphasize ...

INTRODUCTION: In June 2009, the House of Delegates (HOD) of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) passed a major revision of the APTA Code of Ethics for physical therapists and the Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant. The revised documents will be effective July 1, 2010. PURPOSE: ...

COMMENTARY ON: Bono C, Heggeness M, Mick C, et al. North American Spine Society: Newly released vertebroplasty randomized controlled trials: a tale of two trials. Spine J 2010;10:238-240 (in this issue).

The role requirements of healthcare executives have received considerable attention from researchers; however, the volunteer efforts of executives have not been examined. This study investigates the relationship between an executive's position in the organizational hierarchy and his or her propensity to volunteer in general and to volunteer for the executive's ...

Minimizing the potential adverse effects of clinical investigators' financial conflicts of interest involves, in part, determining how much of an investigator's "business" should be disclosed to participants in research studies. What should be disclosed and why? How will we know if disclosure matters?

The role of physicians in death penalty cases has provoked discussion in both the legal system as well as in professional organizations. Professional groups have responded by developing ethical guidelines advising physicians as to current ethical standards. Psychiatric dilemmas as a subspecialty with unique roles have required more specific guidelines. ...

This paper has two aims. The first is to shed light on a remarkable archival source, namely survey responses from thousands of American psychologists during the 1960s in which they described their contemporary research practices and discussed whether the practices were "ethical." The second aim is to examine the process ...

The 2009 Viral Clearance Symposium (Indianapolis, IN, USA) was held to interactively discuss methods for virus removal and inactivation during biopharmaceutical manufacture. Its origin was the result of worldwide regulatory and industry recognition that challenges, gaps, and opportunities for improvement exist, which if formally addressed could benefit the field as ...

The aim of this study was to clarify the attitudes towards the code of conduct for scientists among council members of the Japanese Society for Hygiene (JSH). We also aimed to collect information to be used as baseline data for future studies. From November to December 2007, 439 Council members ...

This report summarizes the M3 Workshop held at the January 2010 Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. The workshop, organized by Genomic Standards Consortium members, included five contributed talks, a series of short presentations from stakeholders in the genomics standards community, a poster session, and, in the evening, an open discussion session ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the approaches of experienced speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to ethical reasoning and the processes they use to resolve ethical dilemmas. METHOD: Ten experienced SLPs participated in in-depth interviews. A narrative approach was used to guide participants' descriptions of how they resolved ethical dilemmas. Individual narrative transcriptions were analyzed ...

The Mental Capacity Act (2005) is an impressive piece of legislation that deserves serious ethical attention, but much of the commentary on the Act has focussed on its legal and practical implications rather than the underlying ethical concepts. This paper examines the approach that the Act takes to best interests. ...

Burundi has become the latest African nation to outlaw homosexuality. A law amending the Penal Code became effective in April 2009.

The process of the establishment of forensic psychology in Israel begins in the eighties; while at the past 6 years after the creation of the Department of Psychology, Law and Ethics--The International Center for Health, Law and Ethics at Haifa University, the field continues to grow rapidly. Today, the development ...

This paper articulates an Aristotelian theory of professional virtue and provides an application of that theory to the subject of engineering ethics. The leading idea is that Aristotle's analysis of the definitive function of human beings, and of the virtues humans require to fulfill that function, can serve as a ...

Ethics can be understood as a code of behaviour or as the study of codes of behaviour. While the mission of the International Association of Bioethics is a scholarly examination of moral issues in health care and the biological sciences, many people in the field believe that it is also ...

Engineering societies such as the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) and associated entities have defined engineering and professionalism in such a way as to require the benefit of humanity (NSPE 2009a, Engineering Education Resource Document. NSPE Position Statements. Governmental Relations). This requirement has been an unnecessary and unfortunate "add-on." ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the difference in time taken for ethics and site governance approval for multicentre clinical trials using two different systems of ethics review. DESIGN: We evaluated the times to final ethics and governance approval for two international, multicentre clinical trials of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the MAX ...

OBJECTIVE: International nongovernmental organizations frequently provide emergency assistance in settings where armed conflict or natural disaster overwhelm the capacity of local and national agencies to respond to health and related needs of affected communities. Healthcare practice in humanitarian settings presents distinct clinical, logistical, and ethical challenges for clinicians and differs ...