Ethical dilemmas in business and health have become a familiar topic over recent times. Doubts remain, however, as to whether a code should be produced and the recently issued IHSM consultation paper argues the case for "a statement of primary values" rather than a code of ethics. In a second ...

In arriving at an ethical decision, concern for the patient must come first. Recompense, inconvenience or embarrassment for the dentist are of secondary importance. Finally, the DSSNY Code of Ethics is at the essence of our profession. It encompasses the very image of how we wish to be viewed by ...

Ethical reasons are presented for requiring 1) that a proposal for a clinical trial should be accompanied by a thorough review of all previous trials that have examined the same and closely related questions, and 2) that a trial should be approved by a research ethics committee only if the ...

This article examines the role of professional associations, with particular reference to the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS), in relation to professional ethics. Also explored are the relationship between power structures and meaning and value structures, the relationship between the ideal of a profession and the reality of clinical practice, and ...

Ethical theory about what is right and good in human conduct lies behind the issues practitioners face and the codes they turn to for guidance; it also provides guidance for actions, practices, and policies. Principles of obligation, such as egoism, utilitarianism, and deontology, offer general answers to the question, "Which ...

It has been suggested that changes in, and more vigorous enforcement of, professional ethical codes might lead to significant improvements in the quality of expert testimony by mental health professionals. The author examines the arguments for and against this thesis, and concludes that lack of consensus on controversial issues is ...

The absence of a written code of ethics in epidemiology does not imply that epidemiologists have been behaving unethically. Rather, there are unwritten standards taught by precept and enforced at the level of science (e.g. through funding, publication, etc.) and the courts. The question is whether it would be desirable ...

The importance of a written code of ethics for epidemiologists is growing. This paper explores the reasons for developing such a code and the issues that should be addressed during its implementation. It concludes with recommendations on format and content. The latter includes sections on obligations epidemiologists have to subjects, ...

This paper critically examines the code of ethics that applies to practising psychiatrists. The code performs the functions for which it was designed admirably well. It does not, however, resolve moral dilemmas (i.e., complex situations in which any course of action compromises certain ethical principles). In these cases, the psychiatrist ...

This paper presents important considerations regarding the implementation and maintenance of the newly developed HeSCA Code of Ethics. The author examines four roles (ideological, educational, regulative, and judicial) that the code can serve within HeSCA. A four-phase framework whereby the code might be gradually institutionalized is presented, along with functions ...

In her worldwide search for a code of ethics to provide guidelines for professional practice, Linda Sawyer found that the codes of health care professionals were disappointing, mainly because they did not provide thoughtful and provocative discussion of the bioethical issues faced by the practitioner. Many organizations deal with controversial ...

The importance and effectiveness of any organization is no better than the rules and morals to which its members subscribe. This article calls attention to and reminds all Association of Medical Illustrators (AMI) members of the guidelines for ethical conduct as detailed in the Code of Ethics and Code of ...

This article offers a perspective of health services administration ethics from the point of view of the professional society and includes an historical overview. The principle of due process in the grievance procedure is critical in the processing of complaints against a member. The legal basis for codes of ethics ...

A new generic pacemaker code, derived from and compatible with the Revised ICHD Code, was proposed jointly by the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE) Mode Code Committee and the British Pacing and Electrophysiology Group (BPEG), and has been adopted by the NASPE Board of Trustees. It is ...

More than 50 years after the founding of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons as the Harvey Cushing Society, the delineation of a Code of Ethics constitutes a milestone for neurosurgeons. The reasons for developing the Code, its historical basis, and the continuing need to reinterpret any code in view ...

Ethics is no less of a science than any other. It has its roots in conflicts of interest between human beings, and in their conflicting urges to behave either selfishly or altruistically. Resolving such conflicts leads to the specification of rules of conduct, often expressed in terms of rights and ...

Professionalism and Unionism are defined and compared. Some reasons for professionals electing to become unionised are suggested. In the context of the relationship of therapists with unions in British Columbia, two examples of labour action are described; how were occupational therapists involved in the issues which resulted in strike situations? ...

This article examines the NTRS Code of Ethics and its implications. Many issues and challenges are currently confronting the field of therapeutic recreation. It is the belief of the author that the Code and its broad concern for professionalism provides therapeutic recreation professionals with guidance for resolving the issues and ...

The professions have sought to formulate and maintain their own codes of conduct and ethics, in order to safeguard relationships of trust between client and professional and uphold a commitment to care and service. Recent court decisions reviewed here have asserted the supremacy of competition in professional as well as ...

This paper has reviewed an ethic for the profession of dental medicine, such an ethic being grounded in the classical characteristics of a profession. The Principles and Code of the ADA have been reviewed and critiqued. The following conclusions are drawn: The dental profession and the individual dentist have a ...

The authors review the implication of the term "professional," especially those dealing with the need for an ethic of trustworthiness and those dealing with the expectation of being paid for services. The erosive potential generated by these foci is explored, and circumstances which magnify or might ameliorate the potential described. ...

With one of the oldest codes of ethics in history, the medical profession continues to arouse controversy. This author examines the fifth major revision of the American Medical Association's code of ethics, published in 1957. Within this revision are the basic premises in establishing a medical code of ethics. Subsequent ...

The American Bar Association has three times in this century produced a code of ethics for lawyers. The movement has clearly been from a general, hortatory format to one of a statement of principles of law. In the ABA's latest effort, the problems of client confidentiality loom as the most ...

This essay reviews and situates codes of professional ethics within the general field of ethics and considers the specific characteristics of such codes. In the process, the author argues against the view that one's professional role and code take precedence over other roles or codes. One's personal value system, once ...

The attention paid by the social work profession to ethical issues has waxed and waned since the formal inauguration of the profession in the late 19th century. For the first half century of the profession's life, relatively little attention was devoted to problems of professional ethics, though social work's literature ...

This article explores further ethical considerations for biocommunicators. The focus is on professionalization and the need for professional standards to guide conduct and decisions. What makes formation of an ethical code for the profession of biocommunications desirable? Examples of issues facing the profession and general areas which may need to ...

A justification and foundation to assist the biomedical communicator in forming a professional code of ethics is offered. Included is a discussion and definition from an historical perspective regarding ethical considerations as they specifically relate to the professional biocommunicator. Informed consent is discussed as one example to illustrate some of ...

We live in an era of great change, and it is inevitable that the family physician will be caught up in this process. Many alternative futures are open to us; of these, the conserver society is perhaps the most attractive. Having briefly examined some of the major alternative futures for ...

We are printing in full the text of the Declaration of Hawaii, a Code of Ethics adapted by the World Psychiatric Association at its meeting in Honolulu in August 1977. The text is followed by a brief commentary from Dr Clarence Blomquist, the person responsible for drawing up the draft ...

This paper surveys selected historical foundations of the present American Physical Therapy Association's CODE OF ETHICS, showing the extent to which the present code draws upon oaths, ideas in ethics textbooks, and other sources. The article presenta a basis for understanding the significance of these historical influences and provides one ...

Should innovative surgery be exempt from clinical trials and regulations?

This is the website of the Illinois Institute of Technology's extensive Code of Ethics collection, made available online by its Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions (CSEP). The materials are divided into a number of categories, including those for Agriculture; Travel and Transportation; Management; Education; Business; Mental ...

This website contains the full text of the latest Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct issued by the College of Optometrist which is the professional, scientific and examining body for optometry in the UK. Guidance is provided on a wide range of issues including the following: professional integrity; the conduct ...

IT staff have given strong support to codes of conduct in a survey which shows they believe they have a strong ethical streak - although in practice many put their own interests first.

Acrolein is a dual-purpose chemical effective against both submersed weeds and snails, and it may therefore be of significance in bilharziasis control. During trials in the Egypt-49-project area in 1962, it was effective in clearing heavy mats of the major submersed aquatic weed Potamogeton crispus from irrigation canals. The resurgence ...

In Tanganyika, there are at present few large irrigation systems, and observations so far carried out indicate that impounded waters play an important part in the transmission of bilharziasis. More recent studies suggest that, in the western half of the country, small temporary pools may be the most important habitats ...