Compare two new methods with the traditional end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Rats were divided into four groups. In A-L group the peroneal nerve was sectioned and the distal stump was connected to the lateral of the tibial nerve (donor) with two 10-0 nylon points. In A-R group two perineurium flaps embraced the ...

This report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a traumatic avulsion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in a three-and-a-half-year-old male neutered Domestic Shorthaired cat. Surgical repair was achieved using a modified three-loop pulley suture pattern passed through a suture anchor inserted at the point of origin of ...

PURPOSE: Epineural suturing is the most common technique used for peripheral nerve anastomosis. In addition to the foreign body reaction to the suture material, the surgical duration and difficulty of suturing in confined anatomic locations are major problems. We evaluated the effectiveness of fibrin glue as an acceptable alternative for ...

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) has been ascribed multiple beneficial biological effects but the influence of resveratrol on glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy is not known. We examined the effects of resveratrol on dexamethasone-induced atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression, FOXO1 acetylation, protein degradation and atrophy in cultured L6 myotubes. In addition, the role of the deacetylase ...

Glucocorticoids are frequently prescribed drugs with important side-effects such as glucose intolerance and tissue remodelling. The goal was to explore the molecular basis of the response of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during a short term dexamethasone treatment to better understand the induction of side-effects of glucocorticoids on these metabolic ...

Muscle strains are among the most prevalent causes for athletes' absence from sport activities. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has recently emerged as a potential contender to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in muscle strain treatment. In this work we investigated effects of LLLT, diclofenac and dexamethasone on functional outcomes in the acute ...

We investigated the effect of various doses of vertical oscillation (vibration) on soleus H-reflex amplitude and post-activation depression in individuals with and without SCI. We also explored the acute effect of short-term limb vibration on skeletal muscle mRNA expression of genes associated with spinal plasticity. Six healthy adults and five ...

Muscle atrophy is caused by accelerated protein degradation and occurs in many pathological states. Two muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1/MAFbx and muscle RING-finger 1 (MuRF1), are prominently induced during muscle atrophy and mediate atrophy-associated protein degradation. Blocking the expression of these two ubiquitin ligases provides protection against muscle atrophy. Here we ...

Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs under a variety of conditions and can result from alterations in both protein synthesis and protein degradation. The muscle specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1 and MAFbx, are excellent markers of muscle atrophy and increase under divergent atrophy-inducing conditions such as denervation and glucocorticoid treatment. While deletion ...

Effects of synthesized glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX, dose = 1.0 mg/kg body weight/day for 10 days) on the expressions of β₂-adrenoceptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were studied in fast-twitch (extensor digitorum longus (EDL)) and slow-twitch fiber-rich (soleus(SOL)) muscles of rats. DEX decreased the expression of β₂-AR mRNA in SOL muscle ...

A lower than expected tetanic force (the tetanic depression) is regularly observed in fast motor units (MUs) when a higher stimulation frequency immediately follows a lower one. The aim of the present study was to determine whether prolongation of only the first interpulse interval (IPI) resulted in tetanic depression. The ...

Long-term disuse results in atrophy in skeletal muscle, which is characterized by reduced functional capability, impaired locomotor condition and reduced resistance to fatigue. Here we show how long-term disuse affects contractility and fatigue resistance in single fibers of soleus muscle taken from the hindlimb immobilization model of the rat. We ...

AIM: To investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on functional capacity and balance, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnea, fatigue, depression, and quality of life in heart failure patients. METHODS: A prospective, randomized controlled, double-blinded study. Thirty patients with heart failure (NYHA II-III, LVEF<40%) were included. ...

Summary  The present investigation attempts to describe the correlation between sleep-time masticatory muscle activity (MMA) and psychological symptoms by the use of a four-channel electromyography (EMG) home-recording device in a group of 15 healthy volunteers completing a battery of psychometric questionnaires for the assessment of anxiety, depression and anger. The ...

Aim:  The molecular mechanism that contributes to the pathogenesis of deep pressure ulcer remains to be elucidated. This study tested the hypotheses that: (1) apoptosis and autophagy are activated in compression-induced muscle pathology and (2) apoptotic and autophagic changes precede pathohistological changes in skeletal muscle in response to prolonged moderate ...

Depressed scars in the neck pose a cosmetic problem. There is a need to fill the lost tissue volume defect between the surface and deeper tissues. It is preferable that the filling is done by autologous tissue which is available in substantial amount in the adjoining area. There should be ...

To develop an easily reproducible model of acute lung injury due to experimental muscle trauma in healthy rats. Eighteen adult Wistar rats were randomized in 3 groups (n=6): G-1- control, G-2 - saline+trauma and G-3 - dexamethasone+trauma. Groups G-1 and G-2 were treated with saline 2,0ml i.p; G-3 rats were ...

Contralateral C7 transfer is used rarely in infants with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). We aimed to determine the efficacy of contralateral C7 transfer to two different recipient nerves in infants with OBPP. Between 2001 and 2005, 9 infants with brachial plexus root avulsions underwent nerve reconstruction using a modified ...

Several entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremity can cause hypoechoic swelling and nerve compression as seen at ultrasound. The ulnar nerve can be compressed at the cubital tunnel of the elbow and Guyon's canal at the wrist. The deep branch of the radial nerve can be compressed at the supinator ...

The aim of the current study was to identify whether hyperexcitability of the central nervous system is a prognostic factor for individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) likely to experience rapid and clinical self-reported improvement following a physical therapy program including soft tissue mobilization and nerve slider neurodynamic interventions. Women ...

Radial nerve compression caused by crossing branches of the recurrent radial artery - so called hypertrophic "leash(es) of Henry" (LoH) - is rare. Nevertheless it is important to diagnose the type of compression neuropathy in the forearm. We report 2 subjects with unclear neuropathy of the deep branch of the ...

The ulnar, radial, median, medial antebrachial cutaneous, and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves are subject to traction and compression in athletes who place forceful, repetitive stresses across their elbow joint. Throwing athletes are at greatest risk, and cubital tunnel syndrome (involving the ulnar nerve) is clearly the most common neuropathy about ...

OBJECT: Occasionally, the internal carotid artery (ICA) may be symptomatically compressed in the neck by an elongated styloid process. The authors are unaware, however, of any study to date in which the aim was to describe the compression of this part of the ICA by surrounding muscles extending from the ...

To report an electrophysiological study on thenar motor neuropathy of the median nerve. Twenty-eight consecutive patients (mean age, 48.8 years; 17 men) with dominant hand thenar muscle weakness without sensory symptoms were enrolled in this study. Electromyography of hand and forearm muscles and neurography of median, ulnar, radial, and palmar ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the deformation and displacement of the normal median nerve in the carpal tunnel during index finger and thumb motion, using ultrasound. Thirty wrists from 15 asymptomatic volunteers were evaluated. Cross-sectional images during motion from full extension to flexion of the index finger ...

Study design:Case report.Objective:To describe a case of radial nerve compression neuropathy caused by a common wheelchair technique (hooking manoeuvre) used by a tetraplegic person to maintain truncal stability on a wheelchair.Setting:Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Method and results:A 45-year-old man with American Spinal Injury ...

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) defines an entrapment neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve or one of its branches, within the tarsal tunnel. Numerous etiologies have been described explaining this entrapment, including trauma, space-occupying lesions, foot deformities, etc. We present an unreported cause of a space-occupying lesion in the etiology of ...

Alcock canal syndrome is a rare entrapment neuropathy of the pudendal nerve. We report a case of perineal neuralgia where pudendal nerve compression was due to fibrosis of the obturator internus muscle following an injury of the muscle. After being misdiagnosed for 2 years, the patient was diagnosed only after ...

In Oberlin's nerve transfer, a fascicle of the ulnar nerve is sutured end-to-end to the branch of musculocutaneous nerve to the biceps muscle in the arm. This transfer is commonly used in adult traumatic C5-C6 avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus. We report the successful use of Oberlin nerve transfer ...

Primary lymphomas of peripheral nerves are extremely rare, with the bulk of the literature being case reports. The nerve most commonly affected is the sciatic nerve, with 9 cases reported. To date, there are no reports in the English literature of isolated involvement of the radial nerve by a primary ...

Nerve compression and entrapment syndromes are classic examples of the integrated role of radiologists and clinicians in achieving difficult but accurate diagnoses. The pathology of nerves can only be understood after evaluating the normal architecture and imaging characteristics of nerves. Understanding the correlation of the pathophysiology of nerve compromise with ...

The authors have observed that carpal tunnel surgery nerve blocks consisting of subfascial distal volar forearm injection of 10 cc of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine result in fingers that appear hyperemic, warm, and numb in both median and ulnar nerve distributions. The purposes of this study were to (1) determine ...

Leprosy neuropathy, despite being primarily demyelinating, frequently leads to axonal loss. Neurophysiological examination of the nerves during Type 1 (T1R) and Type 2 reactions (T2R) may give some insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms. Neurophysiological examinations were performed in 28 ulnar nerves during a clinical trial of steroid treatment effectiveness, 19 ...

Nerve conduction study is the most sensitive test for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This test is normal in some patients with mild CTS. Median nerve conduction study evaluation after a provocative test (e.g. wrist flexion) may be helpful for diagnosis of mild CTS. This study aimed to determine ...

OBJECTIVE: Nerve entrapment syndromes usually have typical clinical presentations and findings on physical examination. Imaging can be used to evaluate a structural cause of the entrapment, such as a mass or enlarged muscle or to show secondary findings that confirm the diagnosis, such as nerve swelling or muscle edema or ...

This experiment intended to authenticate the compensation and amplification effect of regenerated nerve fibers after nerve injury in primate. The Rhesus Monkeys right ulnar nerves and musculocutaneous nerves were chosed. The proximal impaired ulnar nerve as the proximal end and the distal impaired ulnar nerve musculocutaneous nerve as the distal ...

Restoring active elbow flexion is essential in the surgical management of C5-C6 +/- C7 brachial plexus palsies. This study compares the clinical results of 2 techniques to restore elbow flexion: the partial ulnar nerve transfer and the intercostal nerve transfer. Partial ulnar nerve transfer was performed in 23 patients, and ...

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can provide valuable structural information about tissues that may be useful for clinical applications in evaluating lumbar foraminal nerve root entrapment. Our purpose was to visualize the lumbar nerve root and to analyze its morphology, and to measure its apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in healthy volunteers and ...

The presence of wrist proprioceptive reflexes after stimulation of the dorsal scapholunate interosseous ligament has previously been described. Because this ligament is primarily innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) we hypothesized altered ligamento-muscular reflex patterns following desensitization of the PIN. Eight volunteers (3 women, 5 men; mean age, 26 ...

Entrapment neuropathies of the knee, leg, ankle, and foot are often underdiagnosed, as the results of clinical examination and electrophysiologic evaluation are not always reliable. The causes of most entrapment neuropathies in the lower extremity may be divided into two major categories: (a) mechanical causes, which occur at fibrous or ...

OBJECT: The sublime bridge is a potential site of entrapment of the median nerve in the forearm. To the authors' knowledge, this structure and its relationship to the median nerve have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to quantitate this structure and elucidate its relationship to ...

To assess whether there are differences in nerve excitability properties between proximal and distal stimulation sites in the ulnar nerve in healthy controls, which may provide information on whether alteration in ion channel function predisposes to the development of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Nerve excitability studies were undertaken in ...

To determine whether frequency-dependent conduction block (FDB) occurs in acute ulnar neuropathies localized to the elbow. High-frequency nerve stimulation (30Hz, 20 stimuli) was applied to the ulnar motor nerve above and below the elbow in controls (15) and in patients with short duration (between 2 and 16 weeks) ulnar neuropathy ...

The purpose of this study was to document management strategies and complications relating to the use of anteromedial portals for elbow arthroscopy in a series of patients with subluxating or previously transposed ulnar nerves. A review of 913 elbow arthroscopies showed that 59 elbows with a subluxating or previously transposed ...

Neuropathies about the ankle and foot may be the cause of chronic pain and disability. In most cases, these conditions derive from mechanical or dynamic compression of a segment of a nerve within a narrow osteofibrous tunnel, an opening in a fibrous structure, or a passageway close to a ligament ...

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a commonly encountered entrapment disorder resulting from mechanical insult to the median nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based investigations have documented typical locations of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel; however, it is unclear whether those locations are consistent within an individual on different days. To ...

It is important to know the effects of prolonged repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) when it is used in neurophysiological studies. RNS with up to 100 supramaximal stimuli was given to the median, ulnar, and peroneal nerves of normal subjects and the ulnar nerves of subjects with early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ...

We investigate an innovative and efficacious procedure for restoring wrist flexion, finger flexion, and hand sensation by passing the contralateral C7 through a subcutaneous tunnel across the anterior surface of the chest and neck. Four patients (3 men, 1 woman) with total brachial plexus avulsion were treated from November 2005 ...

In this study we investigated the reliability of ultrasound in measuring median nerve characteristics including cross-sectional area (CSA), flattening ratio (FR), swelling ratio (SR), and mean grayscale. Generalizability theory was used to assess inter- and intrarater reliability using the dependability coefficient (phi), normalized standard error of measurement, and normalized minimum ...

The hypothenar fat pad flap receives segmental blood supply from the ulnar artery in Guyon's canal. It is easy to elevate and mobilize and can provide protective covering and a gliding surface for the median nerve during secondary nerve surgery in the distal forearm and carpal tunnel. It is locally ...