Leiomyosarcoma of the tongue is an extremely rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm and only 25 cases have been described in the English-language literature, 22 of which were primary lesions. A case is presented of a 54-year-old female patient diagnosed with primary leiomyosarcoma of the tongue with lung and multiple soft tissue ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Effects of androgens on follicle maturation have been controversial for some time. Here, we review the potential of their applications in improving human ovulation induction, based on human and animal data, reported in the literature. METHODS: We reviewed the published literature for the years 2005-2011, using relevant key ...

Background/Aims: Levamisole is an anthelminthic drug with immunomodulatory properties that has been found to be an adulterant of cocaine in the last 2 years. It was present at least in 70% of tainted cocaine in the USA in 2009. Methods: We present the case of a 40-year-old patient with a ...

Teucrium chamaedrys L. is a herbaceous plant common in European woods that has been used for many purposes for centuries. Recently, Teucrium chamaedrys L. has become popular as a slimming decoction without any scientific proof of efficacy notwithstanding its well-known hepatotoxicity. Hydroalcoholic extracts are currently used as flavourings in the ...

Covering: January 2007 to December 2009. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2008, 25, 555-611.

To review the controversial aspects of the enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. Contemporary review. A literature search using the terms "enlarged vestibular aqueduct and large vestibular aqueduct" were used to generate the articles for review in this article. The enlarged vestibular aqueduct is a condition causing variable auditory and vestibular dysfunction. ...

Enlargement of the jaws is an infrequently reported complication of chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Two cases of localized mandibular swellings in young patients with histories of end-stage renal disease are discussed with a review of the literature. Although 17 of the first 19 cases that were ...

ABSTRACT: MEN2A is a hereditary syndrome characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, hyperparathyroidism, and pheochromocytoma. Classically patients with a pheochromocytoma initially present with the triad of paroxysmal headaches, palpitations, and diaphoresis accompanied by marked hypertension. However, although reported as a rare presentation, spontaneous hemorrhage within a pheochromocytoma can present as an ...

This article discusses brain trauma and impaired consciousness. It reviews the various states of impaired consciousness related to trauma, with an historical and current literature viewpoint. The causes and pathophysiology of impaired consciousness in concussion, diffuse axonal injury, and focal brain lesions are discussed and management options evaluated.

BACKGROUND: Sclerotherapy has been shown to be an effective and increasingly popular therapeutic strategy for the treatment of varicose veins. However, recent reports of serious side effects, including cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA), as well as speech and visual disturbances, have caused serious concern regarding its use. ...

Xanthomas are benign slow-growing dysmetabolism tumours consisting of histiocytes laden with lipid droplets of cholesteryl ester and, sometimes, triglycerides. Two forms of appearance have been identified: as dyslipidemic xanthomatosis with coexisting alteration of lipids, or as normolipidemic xanthomatosis without any lipid level alterations. Involvement of the upper area of aerodigestive ...

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcomas of the nasopharynx are rare tumours; only seven cases have been reported in the English language medical literature. The authors present an eighth case, which occurred in a 70-year-old woman whose main complaint was nasal obstruction. It has been more than 10 years since FDC ...

BACKGROUND: Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL), a rare and rapidly progressive subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, has been reported following TNF-α-blocker therapy. To better understand this relationship, we conducted an epidemiologic study in the Kaiser Permanente membership. METHODS: The retrospective cohort study was conducted among Northern California members of all ages. ...

Among unvaccinated populations, primary varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection results in a minor childhood illness for the majority of individuals. Mortality is rare, and fatalities associated with cardiac complications are exceptional. In a population where routine VZV vaccination is not practised, we report a death in a previously healthy child ...

Intraparenchymal schwannomas are very rare tumours. We present two young adult patients operated for this type of lesion who show no signs of recurrence 2 years after surgery. These tumours have a bimodal peak of presentation: most occur in young patients under 25 years, and the rest present in the ...

Abstract The presence of retroperitoneal, mediastinal, and subcutaneous emphysema due to rectal diverticular perforation during diagnostic colonoscopy has not been reported. Further, the management of colonoscopic perforation remains a controversial issue. In this case report, the authors discuss the importance of recognizing this rare complication after colonoscopy and its response ...

Mucormycosis, also known as zygomycosis, is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by a series of fungi in the Mucorales family in people with immune disorders. It is harmless to a healthy person, but when it has invaded the internal organs, it is frequently fatal in immunocompromised patients. It is known ...

Background: Although anesthesiologists are leaders in patient safety, there has been little research on factors affecting their reporting of adverse events and errors. First, we explored the attitudinal/emotional factors influencing reporting of an unspecified adverse event caused by error. Second, we used a between-groups study design to ask whether there ...

Introduction: In 2005, the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine set out to refine the selection, training and development of examiners. Part of this included development of an examiner peer review process. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to observe examiners and seek their opinions on optimal oral examiner ...

Objective:The chorda tympani is at risk of iatrogenic injury throughout its course. This paper reviews the clinical anatomy of the nerve in adults.Design:Systematic literature review.Method:Relevant English-language articles were identified using five electronic databases and one search engine. Data from approximately 70 scientific papers were supplemented with information from selected reference ...

OBJECTIVE:: To review the literature on inverting papilloma of the middle ear and mastoid with a focus on familiarizing clinicians with its presentation and cause and to discuss its epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic issues. STUDY DESIGN:: Search of the English literature for cases of inverted papilloma of temporal bone in ...

Background: TNF alpha inhibitor (TNFAI) therapy has been associated with inflammatory neurological syndromes. Objectives: To present 10 new cases of TNFAI associated neurological disease and a review of the literature. Methods: The design and methods were based on case series collected from Oregon Health & Sciences University and the Department ...

Objectives:To present a case of, and to review the literature concerning, osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity, and to demonstrate the importance of considering this rare entity when assessing patients presenting with a nasal septum lesion.Case report:Benign osteoblastoma is a rare tumour, constituting 1 per cent of all bone tumours. Most ...

PURPOSE.: To investigate the incidence and outcome of antenatally diagnosed isolated transverse limb defects at a major tertiary center and to review the literature relevant to this rare condition. METHODS.: This was a retrospective review of all cases (2000-2009) diagnosed with an isolated transverse limb defect referred to a tertiary ...

Based on the recent literature and collective experience, an international consortium developed revised guidelines for the diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. The validation process retrospectively reviewed clinical records and compared the sensitivity of proposed and earlier criteria in a multi-site sample of patients with pathologically verified frontotemporal lobar degeneration. ...

Morgellons disease is a psycho-dermatologic condition in which patients report fibers or filaments "growing" out of their skin. This case report highlights an oral ulceration in a young woman associated with Morgellons disease, a condition that has not been previously described in the dental literature. An increasing number of individuals ...

Covering: January 2010 to December 2010. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep. 2010, 27, 1681.

We present an 80-year-old man with multiple medical problems, and acute abdominal pain with feculent emesis. An unenhanced CT examination of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated jejunal diverticulitis and findings of high-grade small bowel obstruction caused by a large enterolith. Enterolith ileus has rarely been reported in the radiology literature. ...

Background. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon tumor of the skin with high rates of local recurrence. Several reports describe a frequent history of local trauma. In one prior case, a DFSP arising in a tattoo site has been reported. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has been used successfully for treatment. ...

Immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is widely used for treatment and prophylaxis of superficial urothelial cancer. Complications associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment are common. The authors describe a case of granulomatous inflammation of the penis associated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy, presenting with multiple erythematous and painless nodules located on the ...

AIM: To provide guidance on reviewing scientific manuscripts for publication. REVIEW: Scientific peer review is possibly one of the most important tasks a scientist is asked to do. It carries a great responsibility and needs to be conscientiously and thoroughly carried out. It is most important that a reviewer decides ...

Purpose: To report an immunocompetent patient with Nocardia exalbida endogenous endophthalmitis. Design: Case report. Methods: Clinical-pathologic correlation and microbiologic evaluation were performed on an enucleated eye. Results: A 56-year-old man presented with rapidly progressive vision loss associated with a posterior choroidal mass and serous retinal detachment. Pathologic evaluation of the ...

Objective: To investigate extent and quality of current systematic review evidence regarding: powered toothbrushes, triclosan toothpaste, essential oil mouthwashes, xylitol chewing gum. Methods: Five databases were searched for systematic reviews until 13 November 2010. Inclusion criteria: relevant to topic, systematic review according to title and/or abstract, published in English. Article ...

Acquired melanocytic lesions resembling malignant melanoma have been described in all major categories of Epidermolysis bullosa and referred to as "Epidermolysis bullosa nevi''. They easily induce to diagnostic error, although no malignant transformation has been reported. We report the development of a large acquired melanocytic nevus at a site of ...

Esophageal lung is an extremely rare type of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation where a main stem bronchus anomalously arises from the esophagus instead of the trachea. Less than 20 cases have been reported, and most of these are in association with esophageal atresia. Most cases are treated with detachment of the ...

We report a 9-year-old girl with 3 Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q24 identified by oligonucleotide array comparative hybridization. She is of Chinese ancestry and shared some typical features of previously reported 15q24 deletion cases such as mild dysmorphism with developmental and speech delay. She also had mild hearing loss ...

This article will review the case of a young patient with mental retardation, autistic disorder, and Tourette Syndrome who exhibited a favourable treatment response preferentially to risperidone. His presentation, however, was complicated by an exquisite sensitivity to risperidone displayed in the form of recurrent oculogyric crises. In this article, we ...

Oculomotor nerve schwannomas are extremely rare tumors. There are only 40 cases reported in the literature. There is no standard treatment for these rare tumors. The authors have reported a case of a 41-year-old Thai man presenting with progressive visual loss of the left eye for 6 months without diplopia. ...

We present a case report and comprehensive literature review of pediatric traumatic abdominal wall hernia caused by a blow from a bicycle handlebar. Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is a rare complication of bicycle handlebar injury. An awareness of this entity will help prevent a missed diagnosis. Operative repair is met ...

In this article the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigation, management, and prognosis of hypopituitarism and hypothalamic dysfunction, arising from skull base pathologies and treatment of these conditions, are reviewed and discussed. The clinical question: "What is the consequence of pituitary hypofunction in young patients (ie, craniopharyngioma)?" is answered based on ...

To cite this article: Papageorgiou SN, Papadopoulos MA, Athanasiou AE: Evaluation of methodology and quality characteristics of systematic reviews in orthodontics Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:116-137 ABSTRACT: Authors -  Papageorgiou SN, Papadopoulos MA, Athanasiou AE Systematic reviews (SRs) are published with an increasing rate in many fields of biomedical literature, including orthodontics. ...

This article reviews the current literature and level-1 evidence of the natural history and the medical and surgical treatment of skull base fibrous dysplasia. The high rate of optic nerve (ON) involvement and the potential risk of visual impairment as a result of nerve compression have led many surgeons to ...

Manganese-induced parkinsonism has been recognized since 1837. It has been reported primarily in miners, grinders, and smelters since that time. More recently, isolated case reports involving welders have appeared in the medical literature. Manganism can be distinguished from other forms of parkinsonism by clinical presentation with support from laboratory and ...

In current practice, inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are commonly used in the prevention of pulmonary embolism. Despite their widespread use, periprocedural as well as late complications do occur. Filter penetration of the IVC wall into surrounding structures, including bowel, is a known although rare complication. This complication may manifest ...

This paper reported Capillaria philippinensis in an Egyptian child based on clinical and laboratory diagnosis. The patient was successfullly treated with albendazole.

Considering the complexity of congenital midline abnormalities of the brain, it is mandatory to review and summarize the subject, based on embryologic development, developmental biology, clinical approach, neuroimaging, and molecular genetics. There are still several areas of poor knowledge, confusion, and controversy. Pathogenesis in some cases is not clearly understood, ...

Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of cryptococcosis even among immunocompetent patients. We present a case of multiple subcutaneous swellings later developing into a non-healing ulcer caused by Cryptococcus in a 60 year-old immunocompetent male along with a brief review of clinical presentations of cutaneous cryptococcosis in ...

Gastroduodenal intussusception is not a common clinical condition. It is usually caused by transpyloric prolapse of a benign gastric lesion into the duodenum. In the present report, the authors present an extremely rare case of gastroduodenal intussusception in which gastric carcinoma served as the lending point. Pre-operative diagnosis was made ...

Scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) instability is the most common form of carpal instability. There is a lack of consensus among hand surgeons as to the appropriate treatment of various stages. This article reviews the background and results of thermal treatment of predynamic instability of the SLIL. Case examples are discussed ...

In most instances, initial surgery to untether a tethered spinal cord is successful. But what happens when it is not? The authors describe the case of a now 18-year-old woman with spina bifida in whom surgery for tethered cord was required on two occasions. In both instances, due to the ...