In an attempt to reduce iatrogenic ureteral injury, urologists are frequently called upon for placement of prophylactic ureteral catheters in difficult pelvic surgeries. Reflux anuria, which may be more appropriately termed catheter-induced obstructive anuria, has been reported as a complication of ureteral catheter placement and is characterized by the absence ...

We describe a technique that allows repositioning of malfunctioning peritoneovenous shunt (PVS) catheters. We report a 67-year-old female with refractory ascites, who presented with malfunctioning PVS. The catheter tip was outside the superior vena cava (SVC), possibly in a small mediastinal vein, which makes its tip inaccessible to regular snares ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Rates of labour induction are increasing. We conducted this systematic review to assess the evidence supporting use of each method of labour induction. METHODS: We listed methods of labour induction then reviewed the evidence supporting each. We searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library between 1980 and November 2010 ...

Nocardia is a rare pathogen of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis despite its universal presence in soil, organic matter, and water. Human infections are seen mostly in immunocompromized hosts. The usual primary site of lesions is lung. Nocardia can enter the peritoneal cavity through the Tenckhoff catheter. We describe the first case ...

OBJECTIVE: To report a case seen at the Urology Department and comment on the literature. METHODS: We present the case of 46 year-old male who presented left flank pain. Intravenous pyelography was performed. The study showed evidence of contrast extravasation at the level of the left renal pelvis and a ...

A case of cervical spinal misplacement of a central venous line via the right jugular vein is reported. A review of the literature resulted in eight similar cases. Only two further adults are described. Children and patients suffering from malnutrition seem to have a higher risk for intraspinal malpositioning of ...

ABSTRACT: Kocuria species are unusual human pathogens isolated most commonly from immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant recipients and cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, or from patients with chronic medical conditions. A case of catheter-related bacteremia with pulmonary septic emboli in a pregnant adult female without chronic medical conditions is described. A ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe the advancement of Intraosseous (IO) infusion in the spectrum of resuscitative protocols and to provide a systematic review on currently used semi-automatic IO infusion devices. The specific question addressed was: "In patients undergoing resuscitation, does the use of semi-automatic IO infusion devices compared to manual needles influence ...

BACKGROUND: Many hospitals are increasing surveillance for catheter-associated urinary tract infections, which requires documentation of urinary catheter device-days. However, device-days are usually obtained by chart review or nursing reports. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that chart review can provide accurate urinary catheter data compared with physical inspection ...

One of the uncommon gram negative organisms causing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients is Citrobacter. Because of this organism's resistant nature, treatment for Citrobacter peritonitis may be difficult, and removal of the catheter may be necessary in refractory cases. Here we present 2 cases of peritonitis caused by this organism ...

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) that originates from the uterine cervix is extremely rare, with only thirteen cases reported. The participation of the ASPL-TFE3 chimeric gene, translocation (X; 17) (p11; q25), has been demonstrated in ASPS. Here, we report a case of cervical ASPS, along with a review of the ...

Liposarcomas are the second most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults. They occur predominantly in the lower limbs and retroperitoneum, whereas primary mediastinal liposarcomas are extremely rare. Liposarcomas are often asymptomatic and may reach a considerable size before causing any symptoms related to direct invasion or compression of other thoracic ...

This study reports a case of promyelocytic sarcoma that developed as a solitary sternal mass without any clinical evidence of acute promyelocytic leukemia. The case presented the diagnostic difficulties common to all aleukemic granulocytic sarcomas, and diagnosis was made possible by local identification of the PML/RARα fusion gene by fluorescent ...

Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of youth with no benign counterpart. This cancer typically occurs about the knee and ankle joints. The involvement of the head and neck region is rare, and the laryngeal location is exceptional, which make the correct diagnosis challenging for the surgical pathologist ...

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare sarcoma with distinct morphologic and genetic features, which, despite its name, does not arise from synovium. While most SSs (>80%) arise in the deep soft tissue of the extremities, up to 5% of these tumors are encountered in the body axis including the spine, ...

Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma represents about 5% of the Ewing family of tumours. Two cases in adult patients are presented, emphasizing the complexity of a multi-modality treatment approach of this tumour. Clinical presentation, chemotherapeutical, surgical and radiotherapeutical approaches are discussed. A thorough literature search was done to correlate our therapeutic attitude ...

Review of the literature with analysis of pooled data. To assess common intraoperative neuromonitoring (IOM) changes that occur during the course of spinal surgery, potential causes of change, and determine appropriate responses. Further, there will be discussion of appropriate application of IOM, and medical legal aspects. The structured literature review ...

Amniotic band syndrome consists of a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations attributed to entanglement and disruption of different developing parts of the embryo. Multiple asymmetric encephalocele and anencephaly have previously been reported with amniotic band syndrome. Tethering of the spinal cord secondary to amniotic band constriction is exceedingly rare, and ...

Case report and review of the literature. To report on 2 rare cases of association of diastematomyelia with dysembryogenetic tumors and revision of the literature. Diastematomyelia is an occult spinal diastrophism pathologically characterized by a clefting of the spinal cord with/without its overlying structures. It is often associated with vertebral ...

Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (ESS) is a rare uterine malignancy which often metastasizes several years after initial diagnosis. Thoracic spine is a rare ESS metastatic site and its proper management is still not a consensus. We discuss the histopathological features and the management strategies through an illustrative case of a 77 ...

A case report and review of previous literature are presented. The objective of this manuscript was to report a case of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) 1a simulating diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and resulting in spinal cord compression, and discuss the pathogenesis of this disease. Spinal cord compression due to PHP is not ...

The presence of air within the spinal canal secondary to trauma is a rare condition. These rare cases are generally asymptomatic. We report our first case of closed thoracic trauma with pneumorachis associated with neurological disorders. According to a review of the literature and after personal record analysis, neurologic symptoms ...

This article provides information regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, and skeletal manifestation of spina bifida or spinal dysraphisms. On the basis of a review of the medical literature, it addresses discrepancies in documentation and interpretation of spina bifida in paleopathology. Furthermore, it offers suggestions for use of universal terminology and highlights ...

We report a case of biphasic synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum, a very rare tumor, in a 12-year-old boy with left-sided chest pain of 3 years duration at presentation. Chest X-ray showed left-sided opacity with loss of cardiac silhouette and the mediastinum deviated to the opposite side. Computed tomography (CT) ...

Pseudomeningoceles are noted within the neural foramen after avulsion plexus injuries. We present the case of a cervicothoracic epidural pseudomeningocele with spinal cord compression 18 years after a brachial plexus injury. To present a case report of a patient and literature review on cases with epidural pseudomeningoceles. Case report and ...

Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of cutaneous malignant T cell lymphoma which primarily affects skin. However, extracutaneous manifestation may occur in advanced stages, mostly observed in postmortem studies. We present a case of mycosis fungoides that disseminated to the true vocal cord of a 48-year-old African American man ...

Although originally the subject of rare case reports, intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations (CMs) have recently surfaced in an increasing number of case series and natural history reports in the literature. The authors reviewed 27 publications with 352 patients to consolidate modern epidemiological, natural history, and clinical and surgical data ...

The occurrence of neurological symptoms after spinal anaesthesia has been reported with several local anaesthetics including lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine, tetracaine and bupivacaine. Although hyperbaric bupivacaine is known to induce neurological symptoms less frequently than lidocaine, a few cases of cauda equina syndrome (CES) following the intraspinal injection of bupivacaine have ...

Ricochet of a bullet in the spinal canal is well known by neurosurgeons but relatively not a common event in usual medico-legal autopsy practice. This article presents a homicide case of a penetrating gunshot injury of the lumbar spine through the T12-L1 intervertebral foramen with active movement of the projectile ...

An expert comment is provided for the case of an 18-year-old male achondroplastic patient with a severe thoracolumbar kyphosis and spinal stenosis managed with a five level hemilaminotomy, a decancellation osteotomy of the three apical vertebrae and circumferential fusion. A review incidence, presenting symptoms and treatment options for thoracolumbar kyphosis ...

This study is a case report and review of the literature. Spinal cord herniation is a rare, although increasingly recognized, cause of spinal cord dysfunction. It is due to an anterior dural defect, through which the spinal cord herniates. The purpose of this article is to report the authors' experience ...

This short review summarizes developments and achievements made during the last few years in spinal neurology and includes all relevant papers published in the Journal of Neurology during this time. A focus of the review concerns the debate about the significance of translational medicine in spinal cord injury with the ...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Recurrent tethering of the spinal cord is a rare late complication after sectioning of a fibrolipomatous filum terminale that has only been reported in two pediatric cases. PURPOSE: To report adult-onset recurrent tethering of the spinal cord after surgical sectioning of a fibrolipomatous filum terminale and review the ...

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To report on a case of traumatic pneumorachis in a child and to review the existing literature. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Pneumorachis, the presence of air in the spinal canal, is an extremely rare finding. It may be caused by diverse pathologies such as incidental ...

A diagnosis of 'cerebral palsy' in childhood is relatively common. Abnormalities of the upper cervical spine causing spinal cord compression are rare, but can be a cause of symptoms and signs that may otherwise be attributed to brain injury acquired during development. We present an interesting case of a congenital ...

Reports of primary intraabdominal synovial sarcomas are extremely rare. A literature review using PubMed was performed. A retrospective review of the one known case at our institution was completed. Even the most experienced pathologists report that synovial sarcomas can be very difficult to diagnose correctly. One cytogenic abnormality that is ...

Intravascular epidural catheters may result in insufficient labour analgesia or can produce potentially lethal complications following an epidural top-up. We report a case of a previously well functioning epidural catheter positioned epidurally using a combined spinal epidural anaesthesia technique, which subsequently was found to be intravascular. The literature is reviewed.

Splenic tumors are rare. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spleen is one of the least common primary splenic tumors. Review of the literature shows that a laparoscopic resection has never been tried. We discuss the case of a 76-year-old man with a 7-cm MFH in the spleen and present ...

Abstract An increasing number of therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are emerging from the laboratory and seeking translation into human clinical trials. Many of these are administered as soon as possible after injury with the hope of attenuating secondary damage and maximizing the extent of spared neurologic tissue. In ...

To review the epidemiology, dissemination, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, survival and functional outcome of intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM). Literature review of all surgically treated cases of ISCM and all described cases of ISCM of breast carcinoma. 42 references to 87 surgically treated cases of ISCM were found, 13 references ...

OBJECTIVES: In current medical literature, most of the reported complications of spinal cord stimulation concern technical problems, such as lead malfunction, migration, breakage, or internal pulse generator dysfunction, whereas reports about the side effects on internal organ function caused by spinal cord stimulation are rare. METHODS: In this clinical report, ...

STUDY DESIGN: Case report and review of literature. OBJECTIVE: Review the common side-effects of interlaminar cervical epidural injection (CEI) and to report a novel complication of this procedure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND AND DATA: CEIs are commonly used to treat chronic radicular neck pain. Several minor and major complications have been ...

Similarities between the clinical presentation of individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI) and astronauts are remarkable, and may be of great interest to clinicians and scientists alike. The primary purpose of this review is to outline the manner in which cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, renal, immune and sensory motor systems are ...

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently described glial tumor with similarities to pilocytic astrocytomas, yet with distinct histopathological characteristics and a more aggressive behavior. It occurs predominantly in the hypothalamic/chiasmatic region. Only four patients with spinal cord PMA have been reported in the pediatric population. The 2007 WHO Working Group ...

Two new cases of extraventricular neurocytoma are reported. The first concerns an 18-year-old female with a left frontal lobe lesion and the second occurred in a 54-year-old female in the thoracic spinal cord. The first patient is free of disease after 18 months of follow up. The second patient is ...

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon benign condition that is occasionally associated with air within the spinal canal. We describe a further case in a 14-year-old girl and suggest a classification system based on a detailed review of the previous literature. Forty-eight patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and intraspinal air accumulation (36 ...

We report an extremely rare case of a patient with a large, cervical, and upper thoracic cutaneous hemangioma associated with a separate, underlying mediastinal hemangioma extending to the epidural space causing significant spinal cord compression. A 6-week-old female presented with decreased movement of her right arm and bilateral lower extremity ...

Abstract An increasing number of therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are emerging from the laboratory and seeking translation into human clinical trials. Many of these are administered as soon as possible after injury with the hope of attenuating secondary damage and maximizing the extent of spared neurologic tissue. In ...

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a benign proliferative disease of the synovial structures. This disease is most commonly seen in the extremities, and spinal involvement is extremely rare. In the relevant literature, 53 cases have been reported. We present a 66-year-old female patient with a long history of back pain, which ...

Knowledge of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has recently been improved by studies on pathophysiology, neuroimaging, and genetic data. Nevertheless, the natural history of these lesions remains poorly understood. The authors present the case of an angiographic regression of a nidal-type spinal AVM at T-12 to L-1 in a 46-year-old ...