DXplain is a computer-based decision support system which generates a differential diagnosis (ddx) from a given list of clinical manifestations (Barnett et al., J. Am. Med. Assoc. 258 (1987) 67-74). An approach was developed to evaluate the accuracy of the ddx's produced by DXplain. The first step involves the collection ...

The first meeting of the European Neuropeptide Club was held in Igls (Austria) from Thursday to Saturday, January 23 to 26, 1991. Four sessions dealt with functional aspects of neuropeptides in the sensory, peripheral autonomic, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. Recent results on drug developments towards peptide systems were also ...

Rare cases are a central problem when an expert system is constructed from example cases with machine learning techniques. It is difficult to make a decision support system (DSS) to cover all possible clinical cases. An inductive learning program can be used to construct an expert system for detecting cases ...

Ifosfamide-associated central nervous system toxicity has been reported in 5% to 30% of patients treated with ifosfamide. Its pattern is characterized by metabolic encephalopathy with confusion, blurred vision, mutism, auditory or visual paranoid hallucinations, seizures, and rarely coma. The biochemical cause of the neurotoxicity is not understood completely, but it ...

Wegener granulomatosis is a systemic vasculitis with distinct clinical and histologic features often characterized with involvement of the upper airway, lung, and kidneys. The reported incidence of gastrointestinal involvement is relatively rare, with histologic confirmation often lacking. We report a case in which gastrointestinal involvement was the principal feature, with ...

Three cases of splenic involvement in three different types of generalized mastocytosis (systemic mast cell disease) are reported. The macroscopic, histological and ultrastructural modifications of the spleen are described. Each case exhibited a different morphological pattern. Giemsa staining, fluorescence after acridine orange staining and naphthol ASD chloracetate esterase reaction are ...

Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection that affects chiefly the cervico-oro-facial area, the abdomen and lungs. From these sites it may sometimes spread to the central nervous system. Extremely rare, and controversial, is the possibility of a primary infection of the central nervous system. We report an odd case of apparently ...

106 paternity cases with a total of 114 putative fathers were examined in the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) system. Analysis was performed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) of untreated sera on polyacrylamide gels. From 39 paternity exclusions, determined in other genetic systems, 7 were confirmed in the ITI system. In 75 expertises ...

The spread of primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms beyond the confines of the neuraxis is a relatively uncommon observation. Extraneural metastases involving bone are quite rare, and have been observed almost exclusively in cases of medulloblastoma, high-grade (III-IV) astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme. To date there has been only one ...

Aspergillus infection involving the central nervous system are unusual, but should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and neurologic signs and symptoms. Of the few reported AIDS cases with central nervous system aspergillosis, the majority have had focal brain abscesses. We report an ...

The literature on psychosocial factors affecting the immune system is reviewed. The literature is summarized in terms of a provisional model accounting for immunosuppression in terms of four mutually influential explanatory constructs (dysphoric responses; immunosuppressive behaviors; adverse life experiences; and vulnerability) and the relationships among the diverse manifestations of the ...

Showcase is an instructional authoring and case presentation system for veterinary medicine. It is intended to permit instructors and students to deal with clinical case information in a dynamic and interactive way. The programs are distributed as "adware;" and, it is hoped, the case files will be freely shared and ...

Even postnatally, the female peritoneum (mesothelium and submesothelial mesenchyme) has a potential for differentiation (secondary Müllerian system) similar to that of the embryonic coelom epithelium. This potential is manifested in some cases under an evident hormonal stimulus, and in other cases without an apparent cause. The functional similarity of the ...

Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is a disorder of the spinal region of the central nervous system. In the present case, the clinical course showed ATM associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and little recovery; the girl was left with a flaccid paraplegia, and thus differed from other cases in the literature ...

We reviewed studies concerning immunomodulating therapy in systemic sclerosis. These comprise mostly uncontrolled trials and case reports. Some of these studies hint at a possible beneficial effect of antimetabolites (azathioprine, 5-fluoro-uracil and methotrexate), cyclosporine and interferon-gamma. However, to give a clearcut answer on the efficacy of these drugs in systemic ...

A total of 61 VASs developed in Tokyo University were evaluated at 21 institutions in the period 1985-1989 for determination of its reliability and effectiveness. The system is comprised of a pneumatic sack-type pump (Nippon Zeon Co.), and its driving console (Aishin Seiki Co.). The stroke volume of the pump ...

The CASE (Computer Automated Structure Evaluation) program, with the aid of a geometry index for discriminating cis and trans isomers, has been used to study a set of retinoids tested for teratogenicity in hamsters. CASE identified 8 fragments, the most important representing the non-polar terminus of a retinoid with an ...

Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system, a rare inflammatory condition of the nervous system, characterized by vasculitis of the small vessels, has not, to the best of our knowledge, been described in childhood. It usually presents with a diversity of neurological symptoms in the fifth to eighth decades of ...

A case of neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease (NIHID) is described. The patient was a 26-year-old man who died of a progressive neurologic disorder, the onset of which occurred at the age of 11 years. Clinically, the disease presented as juvenile parkinsonism, and pathologically it was characterized by multiple-system degeneration ...

Based on the biomechanical principles of anterior distractive forces combined with instrumentation to decrease sagittal bending moments, an anterior system using a modification of Harrington instrumentation has been developed for the correction of kyphotic deformities. It has been used in the treatment of acute burst fractures in 100 cases, posttraumatic ...

During the periodic medical examination of workers of the only asbestos-cement pipe factory in Kuwait, an early case of asbestosis was diagnosed. It was the first case of asbestosis to be reported and compensated in Kuwait. According to available information, it is also the first reported case to be confirmed ...

A case of dermatomyositis-like syndrome is described in a 19-year-old man with a history of Bruton's hypogammaglobulinemia. Although the patient had central-nervous-system manifestations (seizures), no echovirus was isolated in the cerebrospinal fluid, in contrast to previously reported cases. Data for our case and the 15 cases previously reported in the ...

In this paper, we present available central nervous system data from our series of patients with the Apert syndrome. Combining our own data with that available in the literature, 30 patients had malformations of the corpus callosum, the limbic structures, or both. Other frequent findings included megalencephaly (7 cases), gyral ...

A case of acute primidone intoxication, due to overdose, was evaluated at National Taiwan University Hospital. Serial assessment of the clinical manifestations, electroencephalograms and serum levels of primidone and phenobarbital were made. From these data, we conclude that the toxic effects, such as depression of the central nervous system and ...

A major problem confronting both the requirements formulators and the designers of aircrew escape systems is defining the systems' operational emergency conditions. For years the community has relied on computerized compilations of such data. However, increasingly, examination of original records reveals that the report originators are not sufficiently thorough in ...

Medullomyoblastoma is a rare childhood tumor of the central nervous system and there have been only seventeen cases reported in the English literature. A case of medullomyoblastoma arising from the cerebellar vermis was reported. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse leptomeningeal dissemination and supratentorial metastasis. In addition to classical histologic examination, the ...

The coincidence of systemic amyloidosis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis has been reported previously only once. Clinical findings, such as the nephrotic syndrome, cardiac and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and adrenal insufficiency, are suggestive and a thorough investigation to rule out other causes of secondary amyloidosis is warranted. We report a case ...

Since their introduction in 1973, the use of palladium-silver alloys has increased significantly and they now comprise a substantial part of the noble metal ceramic alloy sales in North America. Literature regarding various properties of this alloy system is presented with particular emphasis on castability, fit, and porcelain discoloration.

The known African cases of blastomycosis to 1987 are presented, including thirteen previously undescribed cases. This brings to 81 the total number of cases known to have occurred in Africa. The question of whether the disease in Africa is the same in all respects as that in North America is ...

Developmental anomalies of the internal jugular system are rare. Phlebectasia of the jugular system is an abnormal fusiform dilatation which is seldom described in the literature. We present five cases of jugular phlebectasia in the neck. It is of interest to note the symptomatology which was different in each of ...

Two cases of young patients with an acute abdomen caused by a necrotizing angiitis of the cecum and ascending colon are reported. The absence of any systemic disease and a history of medical treatment in both cases led to the diagnosis of hypersensitivity vasculitis by a serum sickness-like reaction. An ...

Pathophysiological theories of tardive dyskinesia (TD) suggest the possibility of structural changes in the central nervous system of patients with TD. This report describes a case of choreoathetoid dyskinesia and spastic dysphonia associated with clinical and electromyographic signs of muscle denervation. The findings of this case suggest that the neurological ...

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder of the nervous system. The appearance of ADEM on cranial CT scans has rarely been reported. The author reports seven cases in two institutions during a period of seven years. Only four of the seven patients had hypodense lesions in the ...

First reported in 1972 by Berg & colleagues, giant axonal neuropathy is a generalized disorder of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments affecting the nervous system particularly. The condition was originally thought to be a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, but clinical and pathological evidence has now accumulated which indicates that the ...

Authors report 3 cases of acute promyelocytic leukaemia, in which the central nervous system was involved in the first period of relapse. The clinical features of these patients are discussed. Authors conclude that central nervous system involvement in acute promyelocytic leukaemia must be considered a very bad prognostic sign, because ...

Elevation and intorsion of one eye and synchronous depression and extorsion of the other eye characterize a half cycle of seesaw nystagmus. Reversal of these movements constitutes the second half cycle, forming the "seesaw"-like movements. Based on analysis of the ocular oscillation characteristics of the cases of seesaw nystagmus reported ...

We describe three cases of Giant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN) with clinical signs of central nervous system involvement and an abnormal CT in one case. Two of these cases are sibs, pointing to an autosomal recessive inheritance as two other families previously reported. The review of the literature shows that most ...

Pseudologia fantastica has not been reviewed in the English literature in over 50 years, but the term is still used, for example, among the diagnostic criteria for the Munchausen syndrome. Based upon a review of 72 cases of pseudologia fantastica collected from 26 reports since its initial description in 1891, ...

We report a case of a 67-year-old man with digital gangrene and no other cutaneous evidence of scleroderma. The presence of anticentromere antibody, scleroderma pattern capillary abnormalities, and the histology of the digital artery all supported a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Newer diagnostic tools may identify patients who do not ...

A case of a new hereditary neurological condition with extensive calcifications of the central nervous system is described. The calcium deposits were especially localized to the leptomeninges, the first layer of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, and along the ventricular wall. The neuropathological findings were in accordance with the clinic. ...

Rigid fixation has been given considerable attention in the current literature. The concepts of treatment and the philosophies of the different systems vary, as do the results reported by different authors. This article reviews the basic tenets of rigid fixation and points out where systems are similar or diverge. Advantages ...

Hemoptysis is considered a rare event in scleroderma and to date only two previous cases could be identified. The occurrence of hemoptysis with bleeding and friable telangiectasias is reported in a patient with rapidly progressing systemic sclerosis. This represents the first report of this association, although bleeding telangiectasias have been ...

In 58 cases with central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and/or extrapontine myelinolysis, systematic examination of the central nervous system was performed. The demyelinating disease occurred in three subtypes: (1) CPM, in which the lesion was confined to the pons, (2) CPM combined with extrapontine myelinolysis and (3) exclusively extrapontine myelinolysis. Type ...

At least 100 of the approximately 9,000 species of coelenterates are dangerous to humans. The most common syndrome following an envenomation is an immediate intense dermatitis, with characteristic skin discoloration, local pain, and systemic symptoms. In this case report, we describe a case of erythema nodosum with articular manifestations following ...

Retrobulbar bupivacaine (0.75%) administration has been implicated as a causative factor in respiratory distress, cardiovascular dysfunction, and various central nervous system disturbances. The three cases here demonstrate two separate occurrences of respiratory and central nervous system (CNS) complications following retrobulbar bupivacaine (Marcaine) injection. It is thought that the immediate and ...

This is a case report of a thirty-seven-year-old man with systemic noninflammatory vasculopathy who developed a slowly progressive dementia with multiple sites of stroke. Cerebral angiography revealed abnormal terminal vasculature with beading and occlusions. Brain biopsy confirmed a noninflammatory vascular pathology. We have also reviewed the world literature relevant to ...

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with histiocytosis-X manifesting secondary hormonal change is well known clinically. Proof of involvement of the most common CNS focus, the hypothalamus, is also seen in autopsy cases on occasion. However, premortem radiographic evidence of hypothalamic infiltration is unusual. Presented is a ...

The clinical features of 55 naturally occurring cases of neural angiostrongylosis caused by the parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis are described. The principal clinical feature is an ascending paresis of varying severity, mainly effecting the limbs and bladder. In severely affected animals the cranial nerves and central nervous system are affected. A ...

Involvement of the peripheral nervous system is very uncommon in the temporal arteritis-polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome. Three different presentations of the involvement can be recognized: mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy and brachial neuropathy--C-5 radiculopathy. We report 3 patients in whom peripheral nerve symptomatology dominated the clinical picture of the disease, and review 20 previously ...

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting large and medium sized vessels. While the disease may present with blindness or other signs of extracranial vasculitis, symptoms referable to the peripheral nervous system are uncommon. We describe 2 patients with biopsy proven GCA who simultaneously developed peripheral neurologic ...