All medico-legal cases investigated by the Nebraska Institute of Forensic Sciences, Inc. in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA, between 2003 and 2009, were reviewed for deaths which occurred in custody (n = 38). The causes of death, in ranked order, were natural causes 37% (14/38), followed by homicide 21% (8/38), accident 21% (8/38), and ...

Paraphimosis is a urologic emergency that has the potential for serious penile injury, including gangrene and tissue necrosis, if left unattended for a period of time. Multiple different techniques for reduction of paraphimosis have been proposed. We present a novel approach to paraphimosis reduction that utilizes CoFlex(®), a flexible self-adhering ...

Smoke inhalation is a common cause of cyanide poisoning during fires, resulting in injury and even death. In many cases of smoke inhalation, cyanide has increasingly been recognized as a significant toxicant. The diagnosis of cyanide poisoning remains very difficult, and failure to recognize it may result in inadequate or ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Unlike other autoimmune liver diseases, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has never been reported in early childhood, while type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is eminently a paediatric disease. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of type 2 AIH with serological positivity for PBC-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in a 3-year ...

Intracranial clear cell meningioma (CCM) is very rare and often has an aggressive clinical course. The predilection site of intracranial CCM in children was cerebellopontine angle where represents challenging tumor resection because of the vicinity of brainstem, vertebral artery, and lower cranial nerve. Therefore, special consideration is required for this ...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) has been used for centuries in many cultures for the prevention and treatment of a wide number of health disorders such as inflammation, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, dental plaque and to combat intestinal infections and malarial parasites. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review aims at ...

We report a case of polymicrobial bacteremia and ascending cholangitis involving Raoultella planticola (formerly Klebsiella planticola) as described below. The case prompted a comprehensive literature search of English language articles indexed in Medline, Embase and Google Scholar databases. A review article (Yokota et al., 2012) summarizing six cases of human ...

OBJECTIVE: Invasive rhinocerebral fungal infections are a difficult and often fatal problem in children with hematologic malignancies, with increasing reports of rare pathogens. We describe a case of congenital acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and invasive fungal rhinosinusitis involving Acremonium and Phoma species, not previously reported in invasive pediatric fungal rhinosinusitis, ...

BACKGROUND: Alteplase (tPA) is a United States (US) Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke, though there are significant barriers to thrombolytic use, including Emergency Physicians' (EPs') concern for level of supporting evidence. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To review the medical literature on the topic of acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ...

A review of the literature pertaining to the production and separation of (67)Cu. This isotope is useful from both therapeutic and diagnostic standpoints due to its medium energy beta particle, gamma emissions, and 2.6-day half-life. It has been produced via proton, neutron, and gamma irradiations on zinc followed by solvent ...

Eponyms are widely used in medicine and their use has been the subject of much debate recently. Advocates stress their historical significance, their ability to simplify complex terminology and their addition of character to science. Opponents cite the controversy among those eponyms and highlight the lack of both scientific and ...

Oxaliplatin in combination with a fluoropyrimide is a treatment option for colorectal cancer patients in the adjuvant and metastatic settings. Very few hematological emergencies have been reported associated with Oxaliplatin. These include autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia. We present a case report of a patient who developed hematuria and ...

Smooth muscle tumours of the round ligament of the uterus are rare and can mimic an inguinal hernia. Preoperative diagnosis can be established by a computed tomography scan of the abdomen or an exploration of the inguinal canal. Surgical excision is the curative treatment.

Meningeal melanocytomas are rare tumours of the central nervous system, most commonly found in the intracranial compartment (posterior cranial fossa). Spinal lesions are uncommon, with the majority being intradural, extramedullary lesions. Intramedullary melanocytomas are extremely rare and are most commonly found in the thoracic region. We report a patient with ...

We present an unusual case of a lingual leiomyomatous hamartoma, along with a current literature review of this previously under reported lesion. Described is a case of a 5 month-old male presenting with a posterior midline tongue mass and surgical excision yielded pathology consistent with a leiomyomatous hamartoma. A comprehensive ...

A previous review concluded that postural sway is increased in patients with low back pain (LBP). However, more detailed analysis of the literature shows that postural deficit may be dependent on experimental conditions in which patients with LBP have been assessed. The research question to be answered in this review ...

Chordoid meningioma is an uncommon variant of meningioma, and is very rarely found in the pineal region. We report a case of pineal region chordoid meningioma occurring in a young woman complicated by repetitive hemorrhages in the setting of pregnancy. A 23-year-old woman, 28 weeks pregnant, was transferred to our ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe a unique case of secondary gliosarcoma (SGS) with widespread extra-cranial metastases that developed more than 5 years after the initial diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This interval is the longest among the cases reported to date. METHODS: A PUBMED search using the key words "secondary gliosarcoma" and ...

Treatment success measured by treatment outcome monitoring (TOM) is a key programmatic output of tuberculosis (TB) control programmes. We performed a systematic literature review on national level TOM in the 30 European Union/European Economic Areas (EU/EEA) countries to summarise methods used to collect and report data on TOM.Online reference bibliographic ...

Mid-dermal elastolysis is a rare disorder characterised by focal loss of elastic tissue in the mid-dermis. Most patients present with lesions of fine wrinkling (type I) or perifollicular papules (type II). The reticular variant (type III) has been described less often in the literature. We report a case of a ...

Multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are a significant cause of morbidity and disfigurement in patients with naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). Chemopreventive strategies are needed to reduce the formation of new BCC in these patients. Appropriate evidence-based guidelines for photodynamic therapy chemoprevention in NBCCS do not exist. We herein ...

Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare skin pathology that may present to the gynaecologist, general surgeon, dermatologist, or plastic surgeon. It is often misdiagnosed due to its rarity and variable appearance. In the current literature recommendations for its management vary greatly. We present a case of cutaneous endometriosis presenting to a ...

Objective: We describe a case of bilateral congenital choanal atresia in the oldest patient reported with this condition in the recent English language literature. Method: Case report and a review of the relevant English language literature, presenting the embryopathogenesis, diagnostic methods and treatment options for this condition. Results: A 53-year-old ...

OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the literature related to the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) using bisphosphonates (BP) in the treatment of osteoporosis (OP). METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to July 2010, including terms relating ...

Despite the progress made during the past several decades in forensic pathology, the possibilities for the postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia remains relatively limited. Aside from histology and immunohistochemistry, numerous authors have investigated the postmortem biochemistry of hypothermia fatalities. Several biochemical markers (e.g., glucose, electrolytes, hormones, ketone bodies, and neurotransmitters) and ...

Literature reviews are an essential step in the research process and are included in all empirical and review articles. Electronic databases are commonly used to gather this literature. However, several factors can affect the extent to which relevant articles are retrieved, influencing future research and conclusions drawn. The current project ...

ABSTRACT: Avulsion of the eye globe is a rare condition that is unexpected in maxillofacial trauma and results from severe trauma to the orbit and face. A search of the literature reveals very few reported cases. The present article reports a case of this singular, challenging condition and comments on ...

We reported one case of penile angiosarcoma in a 49-year-old patient who had been misdiagnosed as syphilis. Based on our experience, we suggest that if sexually transmitted diseases and Peyronie's disease can be ruled out, diagnosis of the penile angiosarcoma be warranted if unexplained rash, ulceration on the penis, and ...

The spinal cord is an extremely rare site for primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (< 1%). Very few cases of primary cauda equina (including conus) lymphoma were previously reported. We report such a case, and with literature review, discuss their clinical features, operative and histopathological findings. Although rare, with an ...

Tirofiban is a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Thrombocytopenia is a well-known complication of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors. Life-threatening complications such as alveolar and gastrointestinal system hemorrhages may occur in the course of thrombocytopenia. Platelet count should be monitored closely, including during the ...

Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis is a rare clinical entity that is generally characterized by acute onset, the presence of large vegetations, rapid valvular destruction and frequent complications, particularly embolization. Mortality is high with medical therapy alone. The authors present a case report of Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis in a young patient treated ...

Primary perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) of bone are rare mesenchymal tumors. Histologically, they are composed predominantly of perivascular epithelioid cells and have the capacity to metastasize. PEComas have been reported within intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic organs. To the best of our knowledge, only seven primary PEComas of bone have been ...

RATIONALE AND AIM: The aims of the Cochrane systematic reviews are to make readily available and up-to-date information for clinical practice, offering consistent evidence and straightforward recommendations. In 2004, we evaluated the conclusions from Cochrane systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in terms of their recommendations for clinical practice and ...

Rib osteomyelitis is a very rare form of childhood osteomyelitis. We describe a case of a 9-year-old child with an osteomyelitis of the rib due to Staphylococcus aureus and review 57 cases reported in the literature. This case demonstrates that the diagnosis of this uncommon disease requires a high index ...

Peer review in science was established in the 17(th) Century and while not without detractors and some controversy, has been a mainstay of high-quality scientific publications ever since. Most believe peer review adds substantially to the value of papers that achieve publication. However, in practice, peer review can be practiced ...

Systematic reviews are used to inform practice, and develop guidelines and protocols. A questionnaire to quantify the risk of bias in systematic reviews, the review paper assessment (RPA) tool, was developed and tested. A search of electronic databases provided a data set of review articles that were then independently reviewed ...

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEC-oma) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm. Literature reports more than 100 cases of PEC-oma, a third of which is of uterine or uterine retroperitoneum origin. The case of a 59-year-old woman presented here is, to the best of our knowledge, the first described fast uterine PEC-oma ...

To compare the usefulness for surveillance of the peer-reviewed literature on the prevalence of hypertension in Latin America and the Caribbean published from 2001 to 2010 with a previous study of the published literature from 1962 to 2000. A bibliographic search was conducted of publications from 2001 to 2010 that ...

Penile abnormalities such as epispadias, diphallia, asymmetry, and aphallia have been reported with cloacal exstrophy. The presence of intravesical phallus with cloacal exstrophy is presented with a review of literature.

To review the literature on the occurrences of aural polyps in patients with Samter's triad with a focus on familiarizing clinicians with the clinical presentation and the etiologic and therapeutic issues of this entity. Published reports of otologic manifestations of Samter's triad were reviewed in conjunction with 1 case presenting ...

Tetanus is an infection that can be associated with a high mortality especially in developing countries. Critical care which may include artificial control of respiration is crucial in survival, but cardiovascular complications from autonomic instability remains an important cause of death. The objective of this report is to highlight this ...

Carcinosarcoma of the colon is rare. Seventeen cases have been reported in the English literature. Most cases occurred in the left side of the colon. Indeed, there is only one reported case of cecal carcinosarcoma. Carcinosarcoma has a tendency to distantly metastasize and shows dismal prognosis. We report a case ...

A review of systematic reviews of the effectiveness and feasibility of videoconference-based telepsychiatry services for resource constrained environments was conducted. Specifically with the aim of producing an evidence-based review of the effectiveness and feasibility of videoconference-based telepsychiatry services in resource constrained countries like South Africa. Eight key questions on telepsychiatry ...

Background:Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare condition characterized by an accumulation of histiocytes within lymph nodes and tissue. Treatment is indicated when the condition is highly symptomatic and when widespread involvement causes vital organ compression.Objective:To review the classic physical and histologic findings in Rosai-Dorfman disease and summarize the literature supporting the ...

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant clinical and public health problem. Recently, attention has been paid to the potential for procalcitonin (PCT) both to differentiate the diagnosis and to indicate the prognosis of pneumonia. The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the eligibility of PCT for defining typical ...

Disseminated cysticercosis is an uncommon presentation of a common disease. Asymptomatic disseminated cysticercosis is rarely reported in literature. Here, we are reporting a case of asymptomatic disseminated cysticercosis incidentally diagnosed in a patient of low backache. Magnetic resonance imaging of lumbosacral spine and neuroimaging done subsequently during the course of ...

Osteonecrosis of the mandible and the maxilla is known; however, aseptic necrosis of the maxilla after traumatic fracture is hardly reported. This case aims to help clinicians realize the need to closely follow up and treat such patients with trauma as it can lead to osteonecrosis of the bone and ...

Members of the genus Myroides are aerobic Gram-negative bacteria that are common in environmental sources, but are not components of the normal human microflora. Myroides organisms behave as low-grade opportunistic pathogens, causing infections in severely immunocompromised patients and rarely, in immunocompetent hosts. A case of Myroides odoratimimus cellulitis following a ...

Cardiac myxomas are difficult to diagnose, not only because of a lack of specific systemic symptoms but also because, even in those cases presenting with embolic disease, emboli are exceptional. The skin is one of the organs most frequently involved by myxomatous emboli. We report an extraordinary case in which ...

Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic-like reactions in the perioperative period are a significant concern for anesthesiologists and surgeons. With an incidence as high as one in 3500 and a mortality rate of 3 to 6 percent, proper management of these reactions is essential. The available surgical literature provides varied and unclear guidelines ...