We present 3 new cases of psychotic symptoms in patients with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder while regularly treated with a stimulant therapy with methylphenidate. Existing literature about this theme is reviewed, and potential mechanisms are discussed. Medication with methylphenidate should be avoided in patients with vulnerability to schizophrenia and in drug ...

Failure to visualize prenatally the gallbladder at ultrasound scan may indicate different fetal malformations with a highly variable prognosis, but also a simple anatomic variable. An adequate prenatal management could help in defining diagnosis and prognosis.

This review examines the nature and effectiveness of interventions to reduce the use of mechanical restraint and seclusion among adult psychiatric inpatients. Thirty-six post-1960 empirical studies were identified. The interventions were diverse, but commonly included new restraint or seclusion policies, staffing changes, staff training, case review procedures, or crisis management ...

Patients with a psychiatric diagnosis have a higher prevalence of smoking compared to the general population. Varenicline is a first-line pharmacotherapy option to assist in smoking cessation. Clinical trials during drug development excluded patients with active psychiatric illnesses leaving the risks associated with varenicline use in this patient population unknown. ...

Dopamine agonists (DAs), long used in treating Parkinson's disease and effective in relieving symptoms of restless legs syndrome, have frequently been reported to induce problematic compulsive behaviors (e.g., obsessive gambling, hypersexuality) in individuals who had never had difficulties with such behaviors before. The authors report two cases that add to ...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in Poland. Annually approximately 11 000 new cases of CRC are diagnosed, while the number of deaths caused by CRC approaches 8 000. Five-year survival does not exceed 20%. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is responsible for about 1% of ...

Trichobezoars (hair ball) are usually located in the stomach, but may extend through the pylorus into the duodenum and small bowel (Rapunzel syndrome). They are almost always associated with trichotillomania and trichophagia or other psychiatric disorders. In the literature several treatment options are proposed, including removal by conventional laparotomy, laparoscopy ...

The clinical care of asylum-seekers may bring clinicians in contact with the immigration authorities. A request for a medicolegal report usually requires the responsible clinician to state their opinion on the risks involved in returning an applicant to their country of origin, taking into account their current condition, the treatments ...

The article by Dr. Mendez is a timely contribution to the literature on the study of antisocial behavior associated with frontotemporal dementia. My commentary is focused on the need to take into account the neuroscientific advances involving frontotemporal dementia and the way in which such information may be conceptually helpful ...

AIM: To review the literature on pharmacological and psychosocial treatment approaches for people with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder(s) (SUD). Method: Selective literature review. RESULTS: Despite the high prevalence of comorbid SUD among people with schizophrenia, there is a considerable paucity of rigorously conducted randomized controlled treatment trials. While ...

Illicit methamphetamine abuse represents a major problem in many countries worldwide, including the United States. Prolonged regular smoking or injection of methamphetamine can cause a psychosis, typically characterized by paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations and often associated with disturbances in mood. These symptoms may persist long after methamphetamine is discontinued ...

Angiodysplasia or vascular ectasia of the colon is a rare but important cause of recurrent lower gastro-intestinal bleeding in children and should be kept in mind as a diagnostic possibility. This case reports of intermittent rectal bleeding with early presentation caused by angiodysplasia. Therefore, early diagnosis of this rare lesion ...

adrenal gland, parotid gland, pharynx, eye and bladder are rare localizations of metastases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report a case of metachronous RCC metastases to the bladder in a patient with a medical history of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. a case study and review of ...

Cartilaginous symphysis pubis cysts are rare. There are 7 cases previously reported in the literature. Patients are commonly asymptomatic or may present with a slow-growing, painless vulvar mass, voiding difficulty, and/or dyspareunia. Two cases were managed at our center over 5 years. We present these 2 cases, a surgical technique ...

Metallosis and metal-induced synovitis are well-recognized complications of metal-backed polyethylene joint prostheses and have been frequently described in the orthopedic surgery literature; however, relatively fewer articles discussing the radiologic aspects of this complication have been published. To illustrate the importance of radiologic findings in the diagnosis and management of these ...

Behavior analysts are obligated by the conventions of the academic discipline and guidelines of professional conduct to stay in close contact with the scholarly literature. However, a number of variables can interfere with this obligation. We discuss several barriers to searching the literature, accessing journal content, and making contact with ...

This case report describes the history and hospital course of a 42-year-old devout evangelical Christian woman with a long standing history of anorexia nervosa, binge/purge type, who developed religious delusions, including the conviction that God was prohibiting her from eating. The discussion emphasizes the difficulties of diagnosing and treating psychosis ...

Musical hallucination is the subjective experience of hearing music, or aspects of music, when none is being played, and as such is a disorder of the processing of complex sounds. To determine the extent to which the otological system is responsible for musical hallucination, and to evaluate approaches to clinical ...

Evidence-based healthcare is not an easier approach to patient management, but should provide both clinicians and patients with greater confidence and trust in their mutual relationship. The intellectual embrace of evidence-based methods, coupled with clinical expertise and consideration of the patients individual uniqueness and requirements, is needed for all periodontal ...

Introduction.  Pathologies of the amygdala and the hippocampus have been argued to be critically involved in autism as well as in sadomasochism. In line with Kluver and Bucy syndrome, clinical observations, animal models and a few case reports emphasize that temporal brain changes are important for the etiopathogenesis of sexual ...

In this review of Psychosis and gender we will present the relevant. Treatment principles and consider the foreign and local published data.

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the diagnosis of childhood autism in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register (DPCR) by reviewing medical records from 499 of 504 total children with childhood autism born 1990-1999. Based on review of abstracted behaviors recorded in case records from child ...

Marfan Syndrome (MFS), a disease of microfibril dysfunction, has been associated with schizophrenia in multiple case reports. We present one case and review the literature that suggests these conditions may share a common etiologic pathway. A possible underlying mechanism of both schizophrenia and MFS is the abnormal expression of growth ...

BACKGROUND: Catatonia is a often a complex syndrome. It has been divided into categories of simple and malignant, with the latter being a more severe form involving autonomic instability and/or fever and having a higher mortality rate. OBJECTIVE: There have been only two cases presented in the literature postulating benzodiazepine-withdrawal ...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the relationship between schizophrenia and frontotemporal dementia. AIMS: To investigate this relationship through a clinicopathological investigation of young-onset frontotemporal dementia and a review of the case literature. METHOD: Cases of young-onset frontotemporal dementia were identified within the local brain bank. The clinical course and pathological ...

This study is to review and retrieve data on adult hepatoblastoma (HB) from English literatures in order to gain a better understanding of this disease. We performed Medline, PubMed (from January 1966 to February 2008), and library searches (National Science and Technology Library, Beijing, China, and Wenzhou Medical College Library, ...

President Obama has pledged to review all cases prosecuted through the Guant?namo Military Commissions established under President George N. Bush. Such commissions, however, may have limited independent psychiatric evaluations for Guant?namo defendants. This article explores the legal foundations for evaluating Guant?namo detainees, analyzes the decisions of commissions through discussions with ...

Objectives:To report catatonia in neurosyphilis with elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and to understand the pharmacodynamics of catatonia. Experimental design: Case report. Principal Observations:We encountered catatonia in a man with neurosyphilis after increasing aripiprazole and valproate (drugs reported to improve catatonia) and reducing doxycycline and temazepam dosages, consistent with identified dopamine ...

Gross and histopathological examination of a resected segment of ileum in a 72-year-old man with the preoperative diagnosis of small intestinal perforation peritonitis revealed the first-ever diagnosed case of Crohn Disease (CD) at the B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. In view of the recent reports on ...

Isotretinoin, a synthetic oral retinoid that is used against severe nodulocystic acne, has been associated with various psychiatric side effects such as depression, suicidality and psychotic symptoms. A great number of reports on its effects have been published since its introduction into the market. However, a causal relationship has not ...

Systemic Mastocytosis (SM) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders of mast cell proliferation. Infiltration, including skin and bone, of multiple mast cells may occur as cutaneous and systemic variants. A rare form of osteoporosis has been also described as expression of the skeletal involvement. Here, we describe a case of ...

FDG uptake in the metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a source of significant concern while interpreting FDG-PET studies. It is also of great interest due to its potential implications for obesity research. In this communication, we describe hitherto unreported asymmetric BAT uptake in the abdomen, persisting after diazepam ...

Esophageal Actinomycosis is a rare disease with only two previous reports in the Radiology literature. We present a 27 year-old African American male with a past medical history of a renal transplant for renal disease secondary to lupus who presented with odynophagia. The computed tomography and barium swallow findings are ...

Arterial pseudoaneurysm formation of the genicular vessels following orthopaedic surgery to the knee is an extremely rare occurrence. Here we report the successful management of two cases as a complication of total knee arthroplasty and a tibial interlocking nail, utilising coil embolisation by interventional radiological techniques and negating the need ...

The congenital absence of a cervical spine pedicle is a rare clinical condition which is usually picked up as an incidental finding on imaging studies performed on patients complaining of neck pain following trauma. It is important to recognize that the finding is not traumatic in origin as this has ...

A general outcome measure (GOM) can be used to show progress towards a long-term goal. GOMs should sample domains of behavior across ages, be sensitive to change over time, be inexpensive and easy to use, and facilitate decision making. Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior may benefit from the development ...

Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly of the genital tract in which more than two testes are present, usually within the scrotum. Less than 100 cases of polyorchidism have been reported in medical literature till date. The most common form is the presence of three testis referred as triorchidism or ...

OBJECTIVE: Lycanthropy is the belief in the capacity of human metamorphosis into animal form. It has been recorded in many cultures. Apart from historic description of lycanthropy, there has been several case reports described in the medical literature over the past 30 years. METHOD: We identified eight cases of lycanthropy ...

A case of a male patient with schizophrenic illness who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) following treatment with olanzapine is reported. Although typical neuroleptics are more frequently associated with NMS, atypical antipsychotics may also cause NMS. Case reports have been published concerning NMS and clozapine,(1) risperidone(2) and olanzapine.(3-6) This case ...

INTRODUCTION: Few cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms preceding the clinical onset of Huntington Disease (HD) or during later stages of the disease have been reported in the literature, but the nature of this association and its neurobiological mechanisms have not been well-investigated. OBJECTIVES: To review the scientific literature regarding ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of aripiprazole in the treatment of patients with psychotic symptoms in the emergency psychiatric setting. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We considered all patients admitted to a psychiatric intensive care unit of a general hospital in a two year-period, treated with at least one dose of aripiprazole. ...

Delusional parasitosis is an unusual psychiatric disorder characterized by the false and persistent belief of being infested by parasites. Treatments include haloperidol, pimozide, and at present, olanzapine and risperidone. We report a case of delusional parasitosis in an elderly man, in which the treatment with low doses of quetiapine induced ...

BACKGROUND: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a prothrombotic condition characterized by recurrent vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a prominent feature of APS, and many neurological manifestations have been described in published reports. There are limited data on psychiatric ...

Inflammation of the myenteric plexus of the gastrointestinal tract is a very rare pathological condition, with few reports in the medical literature. This pathological condition causes atonic gut motor dysfunction and is principally secondary to other diseases, being reported nearly solely as a paraneoplastic phenomenon in neuroendocrine lung tumors, including ...

Pellagra is associated with low levels of vitamin B3 (niacin) and/or tryptophan and often involves other other B vitamins. Since the time Gasper Casal first described the disease in 1972, it was observed that the patients with pellagra were all poor, subsisted mainly on maize, and rarely ate fresh meat. ...

Major self-mutilation (MSM) is a rare but catastrophic complication of severe mental illness. Most people who inflict MSM have a psychotic disorder, usually a schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. It is not known when in the course of psychotic illness, MSM is most likely to occur. In this study, the proportion of ...

INTRODUCTION: There are altogether four reported cases in the literature about psychotic episodes associated with sibutramine, which has been registered as an appetite suppressant for 10 years. OBJECTIVE: Authors review the case of a patient who, after being on sibutramine for three weeks, passed gradually into a psychotic state. CASE ...

Although several studies have suggested an association between violent crime and Asperger syndrome (AS), few have examined the underlying reasons. The aim of this review is to determine to what extent psychiatric factors contribute to offending behavior in this population. Online databases were used to identify relevant articles which were ...

A case of acquired megacolon in a 62-year-old man with acute abdomen due to sigmoid volvulus is reported. The case was associated with the use of psychiatric medications. The aim in this report was to emphasize the differential diagnosis with Chagas megacolon. Anatomopathological examination did not show any evidence of ...

Chondroid lipoma is a unique, uncommon benign lipomatous tumour. Due to distinct morphological simily, it is important to distinguish it from extraskeletal chondrosarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS). We report such a neoplasm with brief a review of literature.