OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop and pilot a process for joint working between Cochrane Review Groups (specialist-area groups responsible for producing Cochrane reviews) and Cochrane Fields (broad-spectrum interest groups), for identifying high priority review topics and enhancing quality and dissemination of priority reviews. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We developed and ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the presence and effectiveness of existing systems of prioritization for Cochrane review topics and to explore methods of improving those systems. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We surveyed groups of Cochrane review authors and recorded any evidence of their use of priority-setting ...

Rhabdomyomas are the most common benign cardiac tumours. They are often associated with tuberous sclerosis and can be diagnosed antenatally and postnatally by echocardiography. Rhabdomyomas tend to regress spontaneously and are not usually operated upon, unless they become obstructive or cause severe arrhythmias. We describe the case of a child ...

Benign vascular tumours and haemangiomas in particular are rarely found in uterine cervix. Most of the lesions are asymptomatic incidental findings but sometimes they may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding. A case of cavernous haemangioma of cervix in a 28-year-old woman is described with review of literature.

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-hexylidene cyclopentanone when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2-Hexylidene cyclopentanone is a member of the fragrance structural group Ketones Alkyl Cyclic. The common characteristic structural element of the group members is a cyclopentanone or cyclopentenone ring with a straight or branched chain ...

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of isojasmone when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Isojasmone is a member of the fragrance structural group Ketones Cyclopentanones and Cyclopentenones. The common characteristic structural element of the group members is a cyclopentanone or cyclopentenone ring with a straight or branched chain alkane ...

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2,2,5-trimethyl-5-pentylcyclopentanone when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2,2,5-trimethyl-5-pentylcyclopentanone is a member of the fragrance structural group Ketones Cyclopentanones and Cyclopentenones. The common characteristic structural element of the group members is a cyclopentanone or cyclopentenone ring with a straight or branched chain alkane ...

Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a global bacterial pathogen. It is a rare cause of central nervous system infections and accounts for about 1% of all childhood meningitis. Otitis media or sinusitis has been reported as a risk factor for brain abscess in invasive GAS diseases. We present the case ...

BACKGROUND: The peer review process is the gold standard by which academic manuscripts are vetted for publication. However, some investigators have raised concerns regarding its unopposed supremacy, including lack of expediency, susceptibility to editorial bias and statistical limitation due to the small number of reviewers used. Post-publication review-in which the ...

Objectives: Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome (TETAPV) is reported to have an extremely poor prognosis in the obstetric literature. Therefore, we sought to determine the clinical outcomes associated with TETAPV and to find out if prenatal diagnosis conferred a poorer prognosis. Methods: All cases of TETAPV diagnosed ...

Hidradenoma papilliferum of the anogenital region was previously believed to originate from apocrine glands but has recently been accepted as originating from anogenital mammary-like glands. We describe a case of hidradenoma papilliferum with mixed features of syringocystadenoma papilliferum and mammary-like glands from the left labia majora of a 25-year-old woman. ...

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is pushing its auditors to be more aggressive in reviewing hospital claims. CMS has set targets for how many claims the auditors should review. Auditors are encouraged to use extrapolation for denials when they find a pattern of erroneous claims. CMS has ...

Sciatica is commonly caused by lumbar prolapsed intervertebral disc (PID) and other spinal lesions. Uncommon causes like nerve root schwannoma are rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of sciatica. Spinal schwannomas occur both sporadically and in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1; von Recklinghausen's disease). This case report describes lumbar ...

Osteoblastoma is a very rare primary bone tumour in the maxillofacial region. We report 2 cases of osteoblastoma in the maxilla and mandible, respectively. Histologically, the tumour is composed of small, irregular bony trabeculae and osteoids that are separated by a vascular stroma, and it should be considered in the ...

A solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare tumour that originates from the mesenchyme and arises mainly in the pleura. In this report, we present a rare case of a 77-year-old man with a SFT in the left nasal cavity. On CT and MRI, a large mass is seen in ...

Lipoblastoma is a rare benign tumour arising from embryonic white fat. The tumours occur primarily in infancy and early childhood and usually arise from the limbs and the trunk, but neck involvement is rare. We report three cases of head and neck lipoblastoma. In all cases, imaging showed a well-delineated, ...

Primary spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs) are a rare entity. Most of them occur in children and young adults. To date, 47 cases of primary spinal PNET have been reported in the literature. We present two cases of primary spinal PNET. In both cases, the tumours were thoracic extradural ones ...

We describe a 55-year-old man presenting to our institution with a gastrointestinal bleed. He was found to have a 5 cm pancreatic extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumours (EGISTs) eroding into the duodenum and ampulla of Vater. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed and the tumour was noted to be positive for CD117 and CD34 with six ...

Schwannomas are rare tumours arising from the peripheral nerve sheath. Nearly half of all schwannomas occur in the head and neck region, but the sinonasal tract is rarely involved. We report on an extremely rare case of vidian nerve schwannoma accompanied by mucopyocele with symptoms of oculomotor palsy and CSF ...

Only 22 cases of primary pulmonary paraganglioma have been reported previously. This report presents a case of paraganglioma that arose in the lung of a 38-year-old woman who presented with chest pain and paroxysmal cough with little sputum. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan demonstrated two homogeneous masses in the left ...

Angioleiomyomas are benign mesenchymal tumours commonly occurring in the subcutis of extremities. They are typically composed of interlacing fascicles of smooth muscle cells with intersecting vascular channels. Angioleiomyomas of the uterus are rare with only very few case reports available in literature. Herein, we report a case of this rare ...

Inflammatory pseudotumour (IPT) is a rare benign pseudoneoplastic proliferation of unknown etiology, often showing locally aggressive behaviour. Conflicting theories about exaggerated response to injury versus true neoplastic origin have been suggested. We report a case of laryngeal pseudotumour in a 73-year-old man presenting with hoarseness and slowly progressive dyspnea and ...

Cavernous angioma is an uncommon vascular malformation of the central nervous system with a tumoural aspect. Spinal cavernous angioma mainly occurs within vertebral bodies; only 3 - 5% of tumours are located entirely in the vertebral canal. This case report describes a case of cavernous angioma, originating from the nerve ...

GIST is the commonest mesenchymal tumour of the gastrointestinal tract. Jejunal GIST is rare and spontaneous perforation of asymptomatic jejunal GIST is unique. A review of the English literature reveals only fifteen cases of perforated GIST till date. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult. Diagnosis is confirmed on histopathology and immuno-histochemistry. Complete ...

Spermatocytic Seminoma is an unusual germ cell tumour known to arise from testis only. It is associated with good prognosis. Testicular tumours as such are uncommon in Asia as compared to western countries. In the literature only five cases of bilateral synchronous Spermatocytic Seminoma have been reported. Fifty years male ...

This author comprehensively reviewed the literature on asbestos carcinogenicity up to the Report and Recommendations by Union Internationale Contra Cancrum (UICC) Working Group on asbestos and cancer in 1964. The first cases of mesothelioma and lung cancer in necropsied patients with asbestosis were reported in 1933 and 1934, respectively. After ...

Bone metastasis secondary to vulvar carcinoma is an infrequent clinical entity. Only ten cases have been published in the literature. We describe a case of squamous vulvar carcinoma, that presented with cervical vertebral involvement, as a part of distant spread. A 69-year-old woman presented with radicular pain and a painful ...

In most German medical faculties, credits in general practice can be earned via exams using multiple-choice questions (MCQ). Measures such as peer-reviews may help assure the quality of these exams. In order to use time and personnel intensive peer reviews effectively and efficiently, the procedures used are key. Therefore, we ...

Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) of the sinonasal tracts are rarely reported. We present a case of an LMS of the left inferior nasal concha, and discuss the management options with review of the literature. A 72-year-old female patient presented with epistaxis. Clinical examination and medical imaging showed a tumour arising from the ...

Odontomas are the most common benign tumours of odontogenic origin. Due to their hamartomatous nature, they are usually asymptomatic but can cause impaction of one or more teeth. They consist microscopically of all the tissue types found in a developed tooth. We present a case of a large sequestrating complex ...

Primary Osteosarcoma of the breast is an aggressive and relatively rare tumour whose prognosis is very poor.It is often a diagnostic dilemma to the pathologists and the surgeons are perplexed due to its aggressive behaviour as its pathology and prognostic factors are unclear. Due to its rarity we suggest pooling ...

Hemiarthroplasty involves replacement of the distal portion of the humerus without replacement of the ulna. This article reviews the literature on hemiarthroplasty of the ulnohumeral and radiocapitellar joints. It discusses the indications and outcomes of the technique and summarizes the author's experiences and results.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is defined as bony or fibrous adhesion of the anatomic joint components accompanied by a limitation in opening the mouth, causing difficulties with mastication, speaking and oral hygiene as well as inadvertently influencing mandibular growth. Surgical treatment procedures include arthroplasty of the joint cavity with or without ...

Haemangiomas account for approximately 1% of all bone tumours and commonly involve the skull and the vertebrae Dorfman et al. (Human Pathol 2:349-376, 1971). Rare costal originated haemangiomas have been reported as a case report in literature Clements et al. (Am Surgeon 64:1027-1029, 1998), Filosso et al. (J Cardiovasc Surg ...

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is an uncommon benign proliferative disorder of synovium that may involve joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae. It most often affects the knees, and less frequently involves other joints. It presents in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) extremely rarely. The authors report an elderly female patient with PVNS ...

Teratomas of the head and neck due to their obscure origin, bizarre microscopic appearance, unpredictable behaviour and often dramatic clinical presentation are a clinical surprise. This article focuses on pediatric head and neck teratomas and on their diversity and rarity and also reviews the recent terminology of this group of ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the means of optimizing methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis in daily clinical practice, based on a systematic literature review. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the literature by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and reviewing communications to ACR and EULAR meetings for studies on methotrexate starting dosages, ...

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation can be classified into four groups (anterior, posterior, lateral, and superior) depending on the direction of displacement and the location of the condylar head. All the groups are rare except for anterior dislocation. 'Inverse' TMJ dislocation is a bilateral anterior and superior dislocation with impaction of ...

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is an aggressive proliferative lesion that usually involves the synovial tissues of big joints. To date, there are ∼52 cases of PVNS affecting the temporomandibular joint reported in the English-language literature, about one-third of them exhibiting intracranial involvement. We herein describe an additional case of PVNS ...

Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the diagnostic and prognostic value of synovial biopsy in undifferentiated peripheral inflammatory arthritis (UPIA) as an evidence base for generating clinical practice recommendations. The results lead to multinational recommendations in the 3e Initiative in Rheumatology. We performed a systematic literature review ...

Study Design. Case report.Objective. Here we present a rare case of chronic C1-2 dislocation with absence of odontoid process that underwent posterior C1-2 arthrodesis using C1 hooks and C2 pedicle screws.Summary of Background Data. C1-2 dislocation is a rare but fatal upper cervical injury. To date, there have been many ...

Abstract -  Superolateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle (SDIMC) is rare. This case report focuses on a 15-year-old teenager who was involved in a motor vehicle accident as well a literature review regarding the SDIMC. Clinical examination demonstrated a diffuse edema in the midfacial area and a left lateral deflection ...

Although calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) deposition disease, including pseudogout, is a relatively common disease affecting the major joints, especially the knee, pseudogout in the acromioclavicular (AC) joint is very uncommon. We describe two cases of acute pseudogout attacks of the AC joint in elderly patients. Radiological findings showed chondrocalcinosis in ...

A case of septic arthritis post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction secondary to Clostridium sporogenes is described in a 19-year-old man. C sporogenes is a rare clinical pathogen and this is believed to be the first case of septic arthritis due to the organism. The patient responded to arthroscopic washout, synovectomy ...

Intra-articular corticosteroid injections are frequently used in the management of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, with most evidence and articles confined to the knee joint. There are few articles that deal with intra-articular corticosteroid injections in the foot and ankle. The aim of this critical literature review is to find ...

The purpose of this is case-based review is to report a series of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed stridor and highlight this potentially life-threatening manifestation of the disease. We report three cases from the Rheumatology Department of University College Hospital, London and review the literature on the prevalence, clinical ...

A congenital granular cell tumour is rare, and presents in newborns as a mass arising from the alveolus. While its pathogenesis is unclear, it has no malignant potential and may, occasionally, spontaneously regress postpartum. Successful treatment usually consists of conservative simple excision.

We describe here an unusual case of volar dislocation of the radiocarpal joint due to a complete tear of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament. Plain radiographs taken at initial presentation did not reveal any obvious abnormality. There was no associated bony lesion or intrinsic wrist ligament injury. Radiocarpal dislocations should be ...

To discuss the incidence, diagnosis, laryngeal findings, and management of arytenoid dislocation as a separate entity from vocal fold paralysis. Literature review. A contemporary review of the literature was performed by searching the terms arytenoid cartilage dislocation and subluxation in various combinations. Articles were analyzed and selected based on relevance ...

Pelvic dislocations are rare during labor, and the treatment is controversial. We report two cases of young women who sustained postpartum disruption of the pelvic ring: one case is an 8.8 cm wide separation of the pubic symphysis with sacroiliac joint disruption underwent surgical stabilization and the second case with ...