Diesel or its derivatives could have aneuploidogenic and/or clastogenic activity. Hence, the genotoxicity of diesel gases has been studied, considering exposure to them as potentially carcinogenic. The results obtained by different authors suggest the need to know the effects of direct and chronic exposure to diesel in humans, as in ...

We undertook this study to investigate the neuropathologic relationships among Alzheimer disease (AD), idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD), and the Lewy body variant of AD (AD/LBV). We retrieved 30 autopsy cases in which Lewy bodies (LB) had been identified in the substantia nigra (SN) in routine hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. Twenty-two of the ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine attitudes of veterinarians, animal control directors, and country prosecutors in Michigan toward enforcement of state animal cruelty legislation and to identify factors associated with whether veterinarians would report suspected cases of animal cruelty. DESIGN: Survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: Questionnaires were sent to 1,146 Michigan Veterinary Medical Association member ...

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the physical and psychosocial impact of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) among a population-based cohort of adults who had the disease during childhood, compared with a control cohort of subjects with no history of JRA. METHODS: The Rochester Epidemiology Project database was ...

Holstein cows (n = 555) from four Michigan dairy farms were randomly assigned to receive bovine somatotropin (bST) or to serve as untreated controls. Bovine somatotropin (500 mg) was administered every 14 d beginning at 63 to 69 d of lactation and continuing until approximately 21 d prior to dry-off ...

Self-reports of disease from relatives are generally believed to be more detailed than those received from a family informant, although differential participation may exist among the relatives who provide information. To investigate the potential for differential participation, we requested permission to contact relatives of mothers (informants) who had provided family ...

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that a substantial proportion of cases of hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis are idiopathic. Several studies suggested that stressful life events increase lithogenic urinary constituents (calcium, oxalate and uric acid). OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that there is an association between stressful life events and symptomatic kidney ...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The aim of the study was to compare symptoms of Giardia-positive and -negative patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multi-center questionnaire-based case-control study of 120 Giardia-positive and -negative patients who underwent upper endoscopy. Cases were identified through histological detection of trophozoites of Giardia lamblia ...

A case of occupational asthma in a 41 year old histopathology laboratory technician attributable to a powder preparation of the porcine pancreatic enzyme amylase is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by a double blind, placebo controlled, inhalation challenge study which showed immediate and late asthmatic reactions associated with a significant ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the first degree relatives and to investigate whether the sex of the parent influences the pattern of inheritance. METHODS: An interview based case-control study, with subjects serially matched for age and sex. We analyzed 126 cases (hospital cases) and 94 ...

In this paper, we discuss the theoretical framework upon which observational studies of occupational injuries are based. Following a general description of how causal effects are estimated, the challenges faced by researchers working in this area are outlined, with an emphasis on case-control studies. These challenges include defining the at-risk ...

A case-control study on pleural malignant mesothelioma (MM) was conducted in Casale Monferrato, where the largest Italian asbestos cement (AC) factory had been operating from 1907 to 1985. In a previous study we observed a five to seven-fold increase in the incidence of MM among people living in that city ...

Activated neutrophils take a long time to pass through a narrow lumen like a micropore, and are supposed to play a deteriorating effect on microcirculation. Although the activation of neutrophils has been demonstrated in Behçet's disease, nobody analyzes the clinical activity of the disease by means of the rheological measure ...

A total of 126 cases of primary adenocarcinoma of distal (antrum and/or adjacent body) stomach were reviewed. These cases were collected from the histopathology laboratory of Asir Central Hospital, Southwestern Saudi Arabia over an 8 year period (1987-94). Only gastrectomy specimens with non-neoplastic antral mucosa available for histological examination were ...

"This paper reports the findings of a field survey conducted in Dongguan and Meizhou, two cities in Guangdong Province with contrasting economic characteristics. The data clearly demonstrate that the permanent migrants and the temporary migrants belong to two very different segments of the population. Striking similarities are revealed for the ...

Erythema ab igne is a reticulated erythematous hyperpigmented eruption that occurs after chronic exposure to heat. In the past, the shins were the most common area of involvement, but with the widespread availability of central climate control in most buildings the incidence has decreased dramatically. New causes of erythema ab ...

Twenty-six patients were treated with transcutaneous nervous stimulation (TNS) for tinnitus. Except for 3 normal hearing patients, all had cochlear hearing losses. Tinnitus disappeared in none, but diminished in 7 cases against 3 in 24 nontreated controls. In the controls there were no reliefs in low-frequency tinnitus cases. One of ...

Although worksite smoking restrictions have become increasingly common in recent years, organized labor has generally not been involved in the adoption of these policies; some evidence suggests that unions often oppose the adoption of worksite smoking policies. To contribute to an understanding of labor's role in tobacco control policies, this ...

Many occupational case-control studies have relied on either self-report or exposure assessment based on job titles linked to a job exposure matrix (JEM) as opposed to the generally considered more accurate, but labor intensive, method of expert review of job histories. Our study examined the comparability of these different methods ...

BACKGROUND: Barotrauma in the flight environment is a significant cause of incidents and mishaps. Upper respiratory infections and allergic rhinitis are considered to increase the risk of barotrauma in the changing pressure environment. In an attempt to identify antecedent conditions as predictors of barotrauma, all adverse outcomes which occurred in ...

Neospora caninum is a recently recognized protozoan parasite of animals, which until 1988 was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Its life cycle is unknown. Transplacental transmission is the only recognized mode of transmission. It has a wide host range, but its zoonotic potential is unknown. Neosporosis is a major cause of ...

AIM: To identify sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics which could be used as markers for thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid (MSAF) in labour. METHODS: The design was an unmatched case-control study. The setting was the Port Moresby General Hospital labour ward. The eligibility criteria were: patients with a singleton ...

Unionized carpenters (n = 522) participated in a telephone interview regarding their jobs and musculoskeletal symptoms. From this group, a nested case-control study was conducted on 25 symptomatic carpenters who met a hand or wrist work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMD) case definition and on 35 asymptomatic carpenters who were of similar ...

Four experiments are reported which attempt to externalize subjects' mental representation of conditional sentences, using novel research methods. In Experiment 1, subjects were shown arrays of coloured shapes and asked to rate the degree to which they appeared to be true of conditional statements such as "If the figure is ...

The authors report two cases in which severe rubeosis iridis regressed after trabeculectomy with intraoperative application of mitomycin-C. Several days after the operation, the vessels were no longer perfused. Only white, empty, "ghost" vessels were visible. This phenomenon was observed in one case with well-controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) after surgery, ...

Although case-control studies are suitable for assessing gene-environment interactions, choosing appropriate control subjects is a valid concern in these studies. The authors review three nontraditional study designs that do not include a control group: 1) the case-only study, 2) the case-parental control study, and 3) the affected relative-pair method. In ...

Measures to control rodents have resulted in a decreased incidence of murine typhus, but it is also likely that it is being underdiagnosed because many medical practitioners do not include it in their differential diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin. Four recent cases are described, and historical aspects of this ...

A case-control study has been conducted to determine the association between employment as a fire fighter and congenital heart defects among the offspring. Cases were fathers of all children born between 1979 and 1986 in Ontario, Canada, who were diagnosed with a cardiac congenital anomaly during the first year of ...

BACKGROUND: Silicone augmentation mammoplasty has been postulated as a cause of environmentally-induced scleroderma. While representing a small proportion of all alleged causes of scleroderma, the issue has huge social, ethical and medicolegal ramifications. The hypothesis, however, has been recently questioned in results of comparative studies. We have previously reported no ...

A comparative study was designed to determine whether three-dimensional transvaginal sonography (3D-TVS) offered advantages over two-dimensional transvaginal sonography (2D-TVS) for the identification and location of IUDs in 66 asymptomatic women. Hysteroscopy was performed in cases in which there was a discrepancy between the information obtained by both methods (n = ...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder that encompasses different clinicopathological syndromes, either occurring alone or with a variable degree of overlap. Oligodendroglial, intracytoplasmic argyrophilic and ubiquitin-reactive inclusions are regarded as a histologic hallmark. We examined the distribution and specificity of these ubiquitin-reactive inclusions (UBRI) in 20 cases of ...

A new WHO Expert Committee Report on Hypertension Control has recently been prepared. This paper is not intended to be a detailed summary of this report. It rather intends to identify the principal issues where the new report differs from the previous 1978 WHO report, to point out the aspects ...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is thought to be triggered by an environmental agent or agents in immunogenetically predisposed persons. To investigate if animals or animal products might be the disease reservoir for a putative environmental trigger for RA that acts in childhood, a case-control study was undertaken. Included were 122 cases ...

Current epidemiologic data on the association between occupational exposures and Parkinson's disease (PD) are inconsistent. In a case-control study, we investigated the associations between occupation and PD and between education and PD. The cases (n = 62) were those identified in a prevalence survey (door-to-door, two-phase) of three Sicilian municipalities, ...

BACKGROUND: Serratia bacteremia is an uncommon illness in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to determine how frequently this disease occurs nosocomially and to discover the most common portals of entry and the underlying disorders. METHODS: Fifty-six cases of Serratia bacteremia documented by blood culture (17 cases over ...

Virtually all reviews of cumulated studies rely on statistical significance as a criterion for evaluating the reproducibility of the phenomenon under review. Despite its nearly universal application, that criterion is entirely inadequate: Its application is very likely to lead a reviewer to conclude that a phenomenon does not discriminate patients ...

Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation is a feature of postencephalitic Parkinsonism (PEP) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tangle formation has been compared immunohistochemically in these 2 conditions. Staining patterns for tau protein, ubiquitin and beta/A4 amyloid protein were studied in frontal lobe, hippocampus, and midbrain in 2 classical cases of PEP, 2 ...

Transcervical sterilization techniques as of 1980 are reviewed. A personal and literature search is reported on developments between 1980 and 1992. The potential of endometrial ablation for a transcervical method of fertility control is explored. An appraisal of the more promising methods for future study is made, including silastic tubal ...

To determine the association between reptile ownership and salmonellosis caused by certain rare serotypes of Salmonella, we reviewed 1993 New York State Salmonella case reports and conducted a matched case-control study. Cases were persons identified from 1993 New York State laboratory records who had salmonellosis caused by Salmonella serotypes commonly ...

If environmental factors are important in the aetiology of insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus, primary schooling would be more likely to be shared by cases in an epidemic year compared with controls. We have examined a case control study, comparing primary schools attended. Cases were identified from an established register ...

We encountered three patients with chronic interstitial pneumonia with many bullae in the lower lung fields whose lifetime occupation was teaching school. Pathological examination of autopsy lungs of these patients revealed interstitial pneumonia and multiple bullae throughout the lungs, including the lower lobe. Since blackboard chalk has been used as ...

The paper presents the European multicentric case-control study on risk for mesothelioma after non-occupational (domestic and environmental) exposure to asbestos. The study includes eight centres in seven European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland). It is focused on the measurement of mesothelioma risk in relation to low ...

Epidural steroid injections are commonly used for the management of lumbosacral radicular syndromes. The literature is replete with case reports and noncontrolled studies, but relatively few controlled studies exist. The well-designed studies that are available, however, do show a significantly positive pain reducing benefit from lumbar epidural steroid injections. This ...

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by cerebrovascular deposition of the amyloid beta-peptide, leading to intracerebral hemorrhage in severe cases. Other than rare familial cases, the only identified risks for CAA are advancing age and accompanying Alzheimer's disease. We tested whether the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (apoE epsilon 4) allele ...

In the European Atherosclerosis Research Study, genetic and environmental markers of risk of premature coronary heart disease were compared in offspring of men with and without myocardial infarction before the age of 55 years. Cases were 682 students with a paternal history of myocardial infarction, and control subjects were 1312 ...

A national survey has been performed with high and medium performance aircraft pilots on the incidence of symptoms due to +Gz acceleration, in order to make up a human centrifuge physiological training profile directed to the needs of the Brazilian Air Force pilots. Anonymous questionnaires were sent to Flight Squadrons ...

The importance of the stagnant fluid layers and the mesothelial barrier in the peritoneal absorption and excretion of methotrexate (MTX) in vitro was analysed. In case of intact rabbit parietal peritoneum and a constant fluid flow rate, an asymmetry in the MTX transport and the decrease of its magnitude in ...

Death certificates from 23,890 male and female non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases and 119,450 noncancer controls from 24 states for the period 1984-1989 were used to generate hypotheses regarding occupational associations. Cases were frequency matched by age, race, and gender with five controls per case. Odds ratios were calculated for 231 ...

New classification criteria for vasculitic disorders have recently been proposed by the American College of Rheumatology. These classification criteria have limitations inherent to the method employed in their development. We propose a different approach to the quantitative analysis of the manifestations of vasculitis, which may improve the precision of classification ...

In order to demonstrate the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the metaplastic epithelium of Barrett's oesophagus and to evaluate its possible association with this entity, we examined 29 cases of Barrett's oesophagus where concomitant antral biopsies were also available. These cases were compared with an equal number of age and ...