BACKGROUND: Practitioners are increasingly using topical anesthetics to decrease the pain associated with superficial dermatologic, aesthetic, and laser procedures. Numerous lidocaine-containing products are available, but comprehensive reviews are lacking regarding their relative safety profiles and appropriate dermatologic uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review of currently available topical anesthetics, their ...

Metastases to the skin from internal tumors are uncommon, yet they may be the first presentation of such malignancies. They usually arise from the breast, lung and large bowel. Cutaneous metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. We report a case of gastric adenocarcinoma that at presentation had multiple clinically ...

Part II of this review article presents four case studies for which peak skin doses are calculated following the methods outlined in Part I of this review. The data available in the cases ranges from proprietary dose reports to fluoroscopy time and number of digital acquisition frames only. Flowcharts are ...

Interactions with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and chromophores in the skin happen on a daily basis. Photodermatoses, which are abnormal responses to UV exposure, can be classified into subgroups based on pathogenesis. This review will discuss the clinical features, pathogenesis, photobiologic evaluation, prognosis and therapies of the most common photodermatoses.

Cyclomethicone (mixture) and the specific chain length cyclic siloxanes (n = 4-7) reviewed in this safety assessment are cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds. These ingredients have the skin/hair conditioning agent function in common. Minimal percutaneous absorption was associated with these ingredients and the available data do not suggest skin irritation or ...

Therapy with TNF blockers may induce cutaneous adverse events, but the development of morphea, a localized scleroderma lesion, is extremely infrequent. We describe a 37-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis treated with adalimumab who developed morphea lesions in the lower limbs after 12 months of treatment. Adalimumab was discontinued, which resulted in ...

Background  Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (DCM) is an extremely rare disease characterized by mast cell (MCs) infiltration of the entire skin. Little is known about the natural course of DCM. Objectives  We decided to characterize clinical manifestations, the frequency of MCs mediator-related symptoms and anaphylaxis, risk of systemic mastocytosis (SM) and ...

This represents the largest case of skin necrosis related to levamisole, a common cocaine contaminant, requiring closure with skin grafts, and is the only case resulting in nasal amputation, central upper lip excision, extremity bone necrosis, and above knee amputation. The case report is followed by a review of the ...

We report a case of proximal hypospadias with an absent urethral plate having intact ventral shaft skin with hooded dorsal prepuce and a good glans groove. Such a variant of hypospadias has not been reported in the literature.

Hidradenoma papilliferum is a rare benign neoplasm that usually occurs in the female anogenital area. We present a 43-year-old female with a non-anogenital (ectopic) hidradenoma papilliferum on her nose. The patient had had a skin-colored subcutaneous nodule on her nose for 7 years. The histopathological findings showed variously shaped cystic ...

  We report a case of febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease (FUMHD) in a 34-month-old boy. Our patient had a history of biopsy-proven pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) since age 2. At 34 months, his skin lesions rapidly progressed to ulceration and necrosis in the setting of high fever. Skin biopsy ...

Localized bullous pemphigoid occurs in less than one-third of the cases of bullous pemphigoid and it usually appears on the shins. Localized bullous pemphigoid around a stoma site is very uncommon, with few reports in the literature. We report a case of localized bullous pemphigoid at urostomy site and we ...

Polymyositis is uncommon in childhood. Unlike dermatomyositis, which is common in pediatric age group, skin involvement is lacking in polymyositis. We report an 8-year-old boy who presented with anasarca as the initial complaint. This presentation has been rarely reported before in the pediatric literature.

BACKGROUND: The primary hyperoxalurias are a group of rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorders associated with abnormal overproduction of serum oxalate and subsequent deposition in tissue. Most patients present at an early age with recurrent urolithiasis and renal failure. Vascular deposition of oxalate-producing skin manifestations, such as livedo reticularis, acrocyanosis, peripheral ...

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare, autosomal recessive disease caused by a defect in DNA repair. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum often have cutaneous and ocular sun sensitivity, freckle-like skin pigmentation, multiple skin and eye cancers, and, in some patients, progressive neurodegeneration. Xeroderma pigmentosum predominantly affects the ultraviolet (UV) exposed ocular surface, ...

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a common adolescent hip disorder and when patients present at an age younger than 10 years, it is atypical and there is often some identifiable associated metabolic or endocrinologic abnormality. We present the case of a 5-year-old boy with idiopathic bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis. ...

Elaioconiosis is a work-related acneiform dermatosis which affects the exposed skin of individuals working with oils or greases. Its incidence has decreased with the introduction of personal protective equipment, personal hygiene measures and the cleaning of work clothes. Although not a rare disease, elaioconiosis is seldom reported in the literature, ...

Background  Peeling skin diseases (PSD) refer to a group of rare autosomal recessive dermatosis which are characterized by spontaneous, continual peeling of the skin. Three different clinical pictures can be distinguished: Inflammatory PSD also referred to as peeling skin syndrome (PSS) type B, non-inflammatory PSD also referred to as PSS ...

We report an infant who had a combination of two rather common nevoid skin conditions, namely "telangiectatic nevus" or "capillary malformation", and "hyperpigmented mosaicism" or "segmental pigmentary disorder" in close apposition, occupying large areas of the body in a mosaic distribution. This association may be considered a further example of ...

Pyogenic granulomas are common benign skin growths often present at sites of trauma. They can be difficult to treat in austere environments. A case report of a pyogenic granuloma in an austere environment has not previously been published. We submit this work to describe a case of a pyogenic granuloma ...

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the skin is a very rare malignant tumour arising from the sweat glands. As far as we know, the MRI features of this tumour have not been described in the literature before. In this report we present the MRI features and pathological description of a case ...

A case report of coumadin-induced skin necrosis (CISN) is presented, followed by a topic review of CISN, which reviews presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, prevention, and management of this disorder. The prevalence of CISN is low (0.01%-0.1% of patients receiving coumadin). However, of those affected, over 50% required some form of ...

Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare and potentially progressive non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. To date, a few cases of XD with spontaneous complete resolution have been described. The present report describes a 16-year-old girl who presented with yellow to red-brown papules and nodules on her eyelids, cheeks, axillae, back and buttocks. Indirect ...

Cutaneous lesions are unusual during the course of multiple myeloma. In rare cases, multiple myeloma may be associated to skin involvement secondary to amyloidosis, cryoglobulinemia, and POEMS syndrome. Paraneoplastic skin involvement occurs preferentially during solid neoplasms. We report the case of an uncommon presentation of an IgA lambda multiple myeloma ...

Essential tremor is rare in children, particularly in the absence of a significant family history. We report the case of a child with compensated hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis whose sole presenting symptom was tremor. An otherwise healthy 6-year-old male developed a fine hand tremor, which over the course of ...

The median arcuate ligament is a tendinous arch joining the two medial borders of the diaphragm crura together. In 13-50% of asymptomatic subjects it is responsible for significant angiographic celiac trunk compression. The significance of median arcuate ligament-associated celiac artery compression has been a source of some controversy in the ...

This checklist summarises information on the digenean trematodes of Indian marine fishes contained in the world literature dating from 1913 to the end of 2008. Altogether more than 700 species of digeneans belonging to more than 200 genera and 32 families are recorded. For each parasite species information is provided ...

We present an 18-year-old girl with progressively worsening hair thinning and loss since puberty. Her clinical history, physical examination, and pathology results were consistent with Marie-Unna hereditary hypotrichosis, a rare cause of autosomal dominant hereditary hair loss. She had no family history of similar hair loss and represents the first ...

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a fibrosing disorder of the skin that develops in patients with advanced renal failure. It mostly presents with progressive hardening or induration of the skin of the extremities. Systemic involvement is also known to occur in this entity. Exposure to gadolinium contrast for radiological evaluation has ...

Endometriosis (i.e., the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity) may rarely affect the skin either spontaneously or secondary to abdomino-pelvic surgery. Spontaneous cutaneous endometriosis appears most commonly on the umbilicus (Villar nodule) and manifests with a red-brown nodule that characteristically shows cyclic variations (tenderness or bleeding) with ...

Multiple syringomas of the vulva are an unusal finding. We report a 42-year-old woman with a 2 year history of asymptomatic yellow papules on the vulva that were proven to be syringomas by histopathologic examination.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the aorta and its major branches. It is seen predominantly in females during the second and third decades of life, although it can occur in childhood. The aetiology of TA remains unknown. To date, familial cases of TA have been ...

A current concern in genetic epidemiology studies in admixed populations is that population stratification can lead to spurious results. The Brazilian census classifies individuals according to self-reported "color", but several studies have demonstrated that stratifying according to "color" is not a useful strategy to control for population structure, due to ...

Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGO) in the liver. This results in excretion of large quantities of homogentisic acid (HGA) (also called alkapton) in the urine and a slowly progressive deposition of homogentisic acid and its oxidative product in connective ...

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is one of the common diseases which affect the TMJ especially in children. We are reporting two rare cases of TMJ ankylosis which occurred along with poliomyelitis and which are not reported in literature so far. DISCUSSION: In this article, we discussed about the most ...

Many factors have been implicated in the development of bony ankylosis following trauma to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or ankylosis that recurs after surgical treatment for the condition. Although many reports have been published, to our knowledge very little has been written about the pathogenesis of the process and there ...

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a metaplastic disorder characterized by the formation of cartilaginous nodules inside the articular space. SC is uncommon in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A few reports suggest a correlation between a traumatic episode and the development of SC. The authors describe the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of ...

Osteopetrosis is a descriptive term that refers to a group of rare, heritable disorders of the skeleton. Osteopetrotic conditions vary greatly in their presentation and severity, from just as an incidental finding on radiographs to causing life-threatening complications such as bone marrow suppression. It is caused by failure of osteoclast ...

To describe a case of joint infection by Aspergillus fumigatus in a unusual site (sacroiliac) and perform a systematic review of such cases described in the literature. We performed a Medline search of the cases of fungal joint of Aspergillus fumigatus in the period ranging from 1970 to 2009. Following ...

Lymphangiomatosis of the kidneys and perirenal-retroperitoneal tissues is a rare disease of unknown etiology. We present two cases affecting members of the same family, supporting the familial nature of the disease. The natural history and related urological and systematic complications of the disease during a long-term follow-up are highlighted, while ...

We present a case of recurring dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint without trauma. This problem is rarely noted in the paediatric surgery literature and clinically frequently missed. Pathbreaking are anamnesis and accurate physical examination, argumentative are conventional radiography, CT and MRI. The Ogden classification describes four types of dislocations, ...

Gout is a common metabolic disorder that leads to elevated serum uric acid levels and deposition of urate crystals in tissues, leading to conditions such as arthritis and neuropathy. Although the prevalence of gout has been increasing during the past two decades, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement is rare, with only ...

Dislocation of the rotator platform in mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty is a well-documented, albeit uncommon, phenomenon. A review of the literature has revealed multiple case reports describing spin out to 90° or complete extrusion of the polyethylene component. Closed reduction may be attempted in the acute presentation followed by revision ...

Regarding skating injuries, isolated cases of closed elbow dislocations are reported only for children or teenage patients. Due to the anatomic proximity of neurovascular structures, elbow dislocations run the risk of concomitant injury, but its occurrence remains very rare. We describe the case of an advanced mature in-line skater with ...

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is found in high concentrations in cartilage and synovial fluid, and is an important component of the extracellular matrixes-exerting joint lubrication and buffering actions thanks to its viscoelastic properties. The present study examines the scientific evidence found in the current literature on the usefulness of the intraarticular ...

This case report reviews the presentation and treatment of a 68-year-old diabetic woman with severe hallux abducto valgus deformity and progressively worsening pain and joint stiffness. The patient had a history of two distinct episodes of postoperative deep venous thrombosis and was deemed inappropriate for cast immobilization. The Arthrex Mini ...

BACKGROUND: Treatment of painful internal snapping hip (coxa saltans) via arthroscopic lengthening or release of the iliopsoas tendon is becoming preferred over open techniques because of the benefits of minimal dissection, the ability to address concomitant intraarticular disorders, and a low complication rate. Persistent snapping after release is uncommon, especially ...

We report a case of a lateral type A (according to Myerson) Lisfranc dislocation irreducible by closed manipulation. Upon surgical exploration the lateral slip of the tibialis anterior tendon was found trapped between the medial and the middle cuneiform. Once the tendon was reduced, the dislocated first ray spontaneously reverted ...

The aim of this study was to show that simple criteria like Beighton and Brighton criteria are sufficient to determine a diagnosis of hypermobility and may be useful prior to performing excessive diagnostic studies on children with variable joint pain and limited range of motion. Additionally, this study underlines how ...

Intra-articular incarceration of the median nerve after closed reduction of an elbow dislocation is a rare and potentially devastating complication. We report the case of a 4-year-old boy who had an entrapment of the median nerve after spontaneous reduction of a posterior dislocation. All the cases previously reported in the ...