Background/Aim: To inform understanding of the experience of long-term opiate maintenance and identify barriers to recovery. Methods: A qualitative systematic review. Results: 14 studies in 17 papers, mainly from the USA (65%), met inclusion criteria, involving 1,088 participants. Studies focused on methadone prescribing. Participants reported stability; however, many disliked methadone. ...

Acrolein is an aquatic herbicide used in the western United States to prevent impaired water flow in irrigation canals. Despite its toxicity, few cases of acrolein-related illness have been reported in the literature. On August 15, 2012, an irrigation district notified the Washington State Department of Labor & Industries (L&I) ...

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of up-to-date, systematic reviews that critically assess the role and potential limitations of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and systematic reviews in neonatology. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of all Cochrane reviews published between 1996 and 2010 by the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group (CNRG). Main ...

In most high-income countries, fewer children now acquire meningitis, and many of those who do will survive. Globally, however, meningitis still remains a significant cause of child morbidity and mortality. In this article, the authors review recent evidence on the morbidity faced by childhood survivors of bacterial meningitis. Outcomes vary ...

The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and review the literature concerning natal and neonatal teeth. The literature search was conducted using several databases. Specific terms were used in the search, which includes articles from 1950 to 2011, supplementary searching by hand was also used. Relevant studies were ...

ABSTRACT: Methadone continues to be a widely used maintenance therapy for opiate dependence. However, methadone-related deaths have been reported frequently for over 4 decades now. Anoxic brain injury with pulmonary edema secondary to respiratory depression is the recognized mechanism of methadone death, although pathological intracranial findings are rarely described in ...

Dengue is a viral disease usually transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue outbreaks in the Americas reported in medical literature and to the Pan American Health Organization are described. The outbreak history from 1600 to 2010 was categorized into four phases: Introduction of dengue in the Americas (1600-1946); Continental plan ...

ABTRACT: BACKGROUND: The process of systematically reviewing research evidence is useful for collecting, assessing and summarizing results from multiple studies planned to answer the same clinical question. The term "systematic" implies that the process, besides being organized and complete, is transparent and fully reported to allow other independent researchers to ...

We determined the incidence of percutaneous (needlestick and sharps) injuries among emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in one county in Taiwan, compared this with the official reporting rate, and sought reasons for non-reporting. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all EMTs in that county, eliciting percutaneous injuries occurrences, reasons why, and ...

BACKGROUND: Bilateral asymmetric hip dislocation, with one hip dislocated posteriorly and with anterior dislocation of the contralateral hip, is a rare injury pattern. A total of 34 cases have been reported in English literature, but only 24 cases detail injury mechanism and patient demographic factors, 3 of which reported bilateral ...

INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injury is a complex result of primary mechanical damage and the secondary vascular compromise and inflammatory reactions. Depending on timing, different treatment modalities may have various effects. CONCLUSIONS: We review the latest advances in terms of non-pharmacological experimental treatments.

Over the last century sporadic reports have described intra-abdominal injury without penetration of the abdominal cavity but the underlying mechanism of energy transfer appears variable. This article reviews the 19 documented cases of this phenomenon and discusses the mechanism of energy transfer in both primary blast injury and ballistic injury ...

The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical course of a 12% TBSA burn injury with takotsubo cardiomyopathy and to discuss this lesser known diagnosis. The authors performed a case study with chart review and literature search. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by severe left ventricular dysfunction that is ...

Objectives. We conducted a systematic literature review to better understand aspects of disaster-related carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning surveillance and determine potentially effective prevention strategies. Methods. This review included information from 28 journal articles on disaster-related CO poisoning cases occurring between 1991 and 2009 in the United States. Results. We identified ...

BACKGROUND Pachydermodactyly is a rare, benign, acquired form of digital fibromatosis. The etiology of pachydermodactyly is unknown but is believed to be due to repeated mechanical injury of the skin. We report 2 cases identified in poultry processing workers and review other conditions associated with these cutaneous findings. OBSERVATIONS The ...

Blunt aortic injury (BAI) involving an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is uncommon. The presence of an ARSA entails several treatment issues, in particular regarding the risk of perioperative posterior cerebral stroke. We report the case of a man with an ARSA who suffered from BAI. An initial conservative treatment ...

A very rare and serious complication of shoulder dislocation is a lesion to the axillary artery in the elderly population, whose vascular structures have become less flexible. Axillary artery injury secondary to anteroinferior shoulder dislocation is much rarer, especially in the young people. Proper recognition and treatment of this entity ...

Studies regarding ankle and foot overuse injuries are quite diverse in research methodology, data reporting, and outcomes. The aims of this systematic review were to analyze the methodology of published studies regarding ankle and foot overuse injuries in different sports disciplines and to summarize epidemiological data of ankle and foot ...

ABSTRACT: Primary blast lung injury after explosions has been well described in the literature. A case of injury to the lung, after a shotgun wound to the head, similar to primary blast lung, is presented. Histological appearances of the lung revealed alveolar over distension, rupture and intra-alveolar hemorrhage. Primary blast ...

Background: To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are few case reports of penetrating brain injuries (PBI) caused by nail guns and these have usually involved incomplete penetration of the skull. Complete penetration of a nail into the intracranial cavity is extremely rare. Case study: Here, two such cases ...

A massive rotator cuff tear in association with acute traumatic posterior glenohumeral dislocation is rare. To our knowledge, only four documented cases have been reported in the literature. We present two additional cases of such injury secondary to the traffic accident. The first patient had an unsuccessful closed reduction due ...

Distinguishing diaphragmatic eventration from rupture in the trauma setting can be a considerable challenge. We present a case involving a man suffering from chest pain and with a raised left hemidiaphragm on the chest radiograph after a motor vehicle injury. A review of the literature discusses the use of imaging ...

Salivary fistula after a traumatic injury in the buccal region is not common. It is most commonly encountered in injuries involving the pre auricular region or soft tissues along the course of the parotid duct. It is more frequent in the parotid because its anatomical location is superficial; traumatic salivary ...

Stray bullet shootings contribute to a sense of risk in affected communities but have rarely been studied. We describe the epidemiology and clinical aspects of stray bullet shootings in the United States. We defined a case as a shooting event involving death or injury to a person and meeting criteria ...

Triceps tendon rupture or avulsion is a rare tendon injury. The most common feature of injury is avulsion from osseous insertion on the olecranon. The diagnosis of acute triceps tendon rupture may be missed, and a missed diagnosis can result in prolonged disability and delayed operative management. In this article, ...

Patellar instability is a common knee injury in children and adolescents. After first-time dislocation, a nonoperative course is widespread. In cases of recurrent patellar dislocation, operative therapy is widely recommended. This case report shows the complicating history after a period of numerous patellar dislocations with primarily spontaneous reduction and a ...

OBJECTIVE: This case reports atlantoaxial stabilization in case of V3 segment anomaly. PATIENT: We report the case of a patient who was victim of a complex C2 fracture requiring atlantoaxial stabilization whereas the initial cervical 3D CT angiography showed a persistent first intersegmental artery consisting in a V3 segment of ...

A 32-year-old man presented with chemical burns to his penis following accidental application of depilatory cream to the area. The gentleman consequently sustained deep dermal burns to his penis, experiencing genital swelling and dysuria. This injury was managed conservatively in our burns unit and the patient was discharged shortly after. ...

Trauma has been reported as a cause of appendicitis on several cases in the literature. The present study reports the relationship between blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) of injury severity score less than 4 and appendicitis. A 17-year-old girl developed appendicitis after a minor BAT. An ecchymosis at the right lower ...

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Mouthguards in sport activities: history, physical properties and injury prevention effectiveness. Knapik JJ, Stephen W, Marshall SW, Lee RB, Darakjy SS, Jones SB, et al. Sports Med 2007;37(2):117-44. REVIEWER: Ana Karina Mascarenhas, BDS, MPH, DrPH PURPOSE/QUESTION: To assess the effectiveness of mouthguards in preventing orofacial injuries ...

Introduction:A musical hallucination is defined as a form of auditory hallucination characterised by the perception of music in the absence of external acoustic stimuli. It is infrequently cited in the literature, although population studies suggest a greater prevalence. The aetiology of this unusual disorder remains unclear.Case report:A 70-year-old man with ...

Despite the frequency and morbidity of venous thromboembolism (VTE) development after traumatic brain injury (TBI), no national standard of care exists to guide TBI caregivers for the use of prophylactic anticoagulation. Fears of iatrogenic propagation of intracranial hemorrhage patterns have led to a dearth of research in this field, and ...

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for cases of deliberate self-harm that directly reference Bible verses as a motivation for action and discuss predictive factors of such behaviors and post-injury management strategies. METHODS: Sixteen cases of self-mutilation prompted by Biblical verses were found in the existing literature. The authors also describe ...

The focus of this practice review is to understand the precursors, correlates, and treatment of self-injury by ingestion of foreign objects among patients in inpatient mental health facilities. These cases exhibited pervasive psychopathology of early onset, histories of severe personality disorder, and trauma. The cases seemingly presented a higher incidence ...

Examination of non-accidental injuries on a body should be done with caution, as often skin diseases can mimic deliberate injuries. Patients with active dermatoses or their residual/post-inflammatory spots seen during autopsy can generate false alarms or suspicion of burns, child abuse or battering, sexual assault or other medicolegal cases. The ...

OBJECTIVE: This article describes a case series of oral and oropharyngeal impalement injuries in pediatric patients and highlights the peculiar etiological role of the rural environment. STUDY DESIGN: The records of nine pediatric patients who presented with oropharyngeal impalement injuries were reviewed. The patients were all from various rural areas ...

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a potential complication following brain or spinal cord injuries and diseases. Post-encephalitis HO is rare, and the number of affected joints is a prognostic predictor. A literature review revealed only a limited number of such cases, with one or two anatomical regions affected in each case. ...

Chemical burn under pneumatic tourniquet is an iatrogenic preventable injury and is rarely reported in the literature. The two important mechanisms are maceration (friction) and wetness underneath the tourniquent. In this report, our experience with two illustrative patients who presented with iatrogenic tourniquet associated burn is described.

After an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury, the onset of altered sensation usually begins immediately after surgery. However, it sometimes begins after several days, which is referred to as delayed paresthesia. The authors considered three different etiologies that likely produce inflammation along the nerve trunk and cause delayed paresthesia: compression ...

Simultaneous pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and hemopericardium is a rare but life-threatening condition. As hemopericardium is a contraindication to anticoagulation treatment, it is challenging to handle both conditions together. The objective of the study was to report a rare case of a man with thoracic spinal cord injury presenting with simultaneous ...

Reperfusion injury after venous thrombolysis for phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD), despite its potentially rapid, fatal course, has not been well described in the literature. Two cases of fatal reperfusion injury after venous thrombolysis are reported, and the clinical manifestations and treatment strategies of PCD and the aspects of reperfusion injury ...

The clinical and intraoperative findings of an iatrogenic injury to a congenitally present right sided ascending aorta treated by deployment of a percutaneous closure device is reported. This is a first literature report of a biodegradable closure system being utililized to treat a puncture to the ascending arch.

ABSTRACT: Traumatic cardiac injuries are an uncommon diagnosis in the pediatric population. Of the traumatic cardiac injuries, more than 95% are contusions. Traumatic ventricular aneurysms are exceptionally rare, and most are detected during long-term follow-up. They are usually successfully managed medically but can require emergent surgical intervention. We report the ...

ABSTRACT: This retrospective case review examines farm tractor-related deaths in the Commonwealth of Virginia for an 11-year period, from 1997 to 2007. This study compares decedent's demographic information, toxicology results, and medical histories.A vast majority of farm tractor-related deaths were male (98%) and white (91%). The average age was 60 ...

Chiari I malformation (CI) continues to raise great interest among physicians due to the larger and larger number of newly diagnosed cases. The clinical and radiological picture and the management options of such a chronic disease are well acknowledged as well as those of the associated syringomyelia. Little is known, ...

INTRODUCTION: Blunt traumatic rupture of the diaphragm is rare. DISCUSSION: We provide a case report of rupture of the diaphragm with visceral herniation in blunt thoracoabdominal trauma.

Auricular petrification is a rare diagnosis and presents an interesting therapeutic challenge. Fewer than 160 cases have been reported in the literature since the first description by Bochdalek in 1866. The most common etiology is ectopic calcification. It may also result from injurious processes including frostbite, physical trauma, inflammatory conditions, ...

A 25-year-old man, riding a motorcycle, rammed into a moving car at a T junction and sustained a blunt lower-right abdominal injury with the handlebar of his motorbike. He developed a swelling at the point of impact for which he presented in hospital 10 days later. Clinical assessment revealed a ...

This report concerns a case of a 32-year-old male with right ulnar neuropathy caused by arterio-venous fistula due to gunshot wound injury presenting with severe neuropathic pain along the ulnar nerve distribution. Intra-operative exploration and ligation of the fistula relieved the patient`s neuropathic pain. A review of the recent English ...

Arthroscopic management of lateral epicondylitis is a commonly performed procedure that has a good track record of efficacy and safety based on the current literature. Here, we report 2 cases of nerve injuries resulting from this operation: 1 posterior interosseous nerve transection and 1 partial median nerve laceration.