ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Bhutan has achieved a major reduction in malaria incidence amid multiple challenges. This case study seeks to characterize the Bhutan malaria control programme over the last 10 years. METHODS: A review of the malaria epidemiology, control strategies, and elimination strategies employed in Bhutan was carried out through a ...

ABSTRACT: The resurgence of the malaria eradication agenda and the increasing number of severe manifestation reports has contributed to a renewed interested in the Plasmodium vivax infection. It is the most geographically widespread parasite causing human malaria, with around 2.85 billion people living under risk of infection. The Brazilian Amazon ...

Malaria is currently one of the most serious public health problems in Colombia with an endemic/epidemic transmission pattern that has maintained endemic levels and an average of 105,000 annual clinical cases being reported over the last five years. Plasmodium vivax accounts for approximately 70% of reported cases with the remainder ...

This report includes the distribution records and updated checklists of the mosquitoes known to occur in Guam and nearby selected islands (ie, Saipan, Tinian, Rota), based on our field collections from various localities during 2010, published reports, and accessioned specimens deposited in the US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian ...

PURPOSE: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a leading cause of disability in childhood and early adult life. Clinical and sonographic screening programmes have been used to facilitate early detection but the effectiveness of both screening strategies is unproven. This article discusses the role for screening in DDH and ...

Developmental dysplasia of the hip and idiopathic clubfoot are common musculoskeletal conditions in the pediatric orthopedic population. Although ultrasound or radiographic screening is generally recommended to rule out occult hip dysplasia, it has been suggested that children with clubfoot should no longer be screened. We report two cases of newborns ...

Hyperkalemia is a common condition, particularly in the setting of renal dysfunction. Hyperkalemia due to intentional oral potassium overdose is not commonly reported. We present a case of acute intentional potassium overdose in a patient with normal renal function resulting in significant hyperkalemia, with a maximum serum potassium concentration of ...

SUMMARY:: Given the multiple permutations in craniofacial malformations, classification of median craniofacial dysplasia or midline Tessier no. 0 to 14 clefts has been difficult and disjointed. In this review, the authors present a summary of normal embryology, prior terminology, and their proposed new classification system. Median craniofacial dysplasia has tissue ...

The prevalence of patients with noncompaction is reported to be 0.014% on echocardiographic examination. The estimated incidence of dextroversion (dextrocardia with isolated reversal of the heart with normally positioned visceral organs) is 1:2,800, while the real incidence of dextroversion and left ventricular noncompaction is still not known; to our knowledge ...

Trevor's disease, also known as dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH), is a rare developmental bone dysplasia, characterized by benign osteocartilaginous overgrowth. The lesion arises from an epiphysis. Its localization may be different, and it mostly occurs unilateral. In this report, we present a 40 years old woman suffering from Trevor's disease ...

To review experience of early prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias, and to explore diagnostic accuracy and improve management. A retrospective review of fetal medicine unit (FMU) records was performed to identify cases where a skeletal dysplasia was suspected by 14 weeks' gestation. A literature review was undertaken to ascertain cases ...

We report on a 10.5-year-old girl with a mild form of campomelic dysplasia. She presented with short stature of prenatal onset, dysmorphic facial features, limitation of supination and pronation of the forearms, dysplastic nails, and bone abnormalities consisting especially of cone-shaped epiphyses of the middle phalanx of the 2nd fingers, ...

Recent morphologic and molecular evidence suggests that dysplasia in Barrett esophagus (BE) begins in the bases of the crypts [crypt dysplasia (CD)] and progresses with time to involve the upper portions of the crypts and surface epithelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the criteria and reproducibility of ...

During the foetal-neonatal period, rhabdomyomas represent the majority of cardiac tumours and are closely associated with tuberous sclerosis. Cardiac rhabdomyomas may be completely asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered during an echocardiogram, or may cause cardiac dysfunctions requiring medical and/or surgical intervention. During foetal life and the early neonatal period, life-threatening ...

Although favourable outcomes in patients receiving extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have been frequently reported in Japanese journals since the late 1980s, there has been no meta-analysis of ECPR in Japan. This study reviewed and analysed all previous studies in Japan to clarify the survival rate of ...

This is a report of a case of multicystic dysplastic half of a horseshoe kidney (HSK) at surgery for multicystic kidney. During the surgery, through a lumbotomy approach, there was inadvertent injury to a lower polar artery and the pelvis of the normal contralateral half of the HSK, leading to ...

We report a case of acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM) with cardiogenic shock and hemodynamic collapse. We performed emergency extracorporeal life support (ECLS) with right femoral venoarterial cannulation by Seldinger procedure. Because of poor systemic perfusion over the upper trunk with low O₂ saturation due to inadequate venous return, a second ...

Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous condition that can be seen in dentate and edentulous patients. It is an asymptomatic lesion and needs no treatment; however follow-up is essential due to the possibility that focal cemento-osseous dysplasia can progress to a condition called florid osseous dysplasia that involves multiple ...

A rare case of cystic angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of the thigh in a 13-years-old girl is reported. Final diagnosis was made only after surgical excision. A review of the literature with a discussion of the particularity of this case are also examined in order to achieve the best surgical strategy ...

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMS) is a rare oncologic phenomenon characterized by chondroid and neurogenic differentiation in extraskeletal locations. These tumours represent fewer than 2.5% of all soft-tissue sarcomas and are most commonly found in the lower extremities, limb girdles, distal extremities, and trunk. Their presence in cardiac tissue is exceedingly ...

We are presenting a rare case of cardiogenic shock caused by chylopericardium. After the initial pericardial drainage and failed conservative treatment, thoracic duct ligation was performed with good long-term outcome. Literature on the subject is reviewed.

We aimed to evaluate the cardiac safety of macrolides either used alone or co-administered with other agents. Pubmed and Embase databases were searched for the cardiac safety of macrolides in the treatment of infected patients. Identified studies were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Case reports, case series, controlled trials and ...

Cases of melioidosis (N = 2) and tuberculous pericarditis (N = 33) during 1996-2006 were reviewed. Clinical presentations were similar, but pericardial pathological findings were not. Nine of 12 patients with melioidosis required pericardectomy. In areas where these diseases are endemic, pericardial fluid culture and pericardial biopsy can differentiate between ...

Domperidone is a prokinetic agent widely prescribed in adults and children with gastrointestinal disorders. Recently several Regulatory Agencies published safety information on the risk of long QT syndrome associated with the use of domperidone. We conducted a literature review using PubMed (1966 - Jan 2010) with the aim to locate ...

Targeted therapies used in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are known to have the potential for cardiotoxicity and should be used with caution in patients with cardiac comorbidities. A retrospective review identified two RCC cases treated with sorafenib in the context of preexisting cardiomyopathy. Sorafenib therapy resulted ...

Background Cyanide is a common toxin in structural fires and a salt that is ingested for suicide. However, most studies have focused on the effects of inhaled cyanide. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of cyanide ingestions, symptoms, cardiac arrest and antidotal therapy used as reported ...

OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of consensus on how long circulation must cease for death to be determined after cardiac arrest. The lack of scientific evidence concerning autoresuscitation influences the practice of organ donation after cardiac death. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence on the timing of ...

Calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia resulting from elevated extrarenal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-hydroxylase) activity has not previously been described in giant cell polymyositis. We report an unusual case of hypercalcemia due to disseminated granulomatous disease in a 62-yr-old woman with profound proximal muscle weakness and weight loss. She was initially diagnosed with vitamin D ...

Cardiac involvement is common in Friedreich's Ataxia and is a common cause of premature death. Evidence regarding treatment of congestive heart failure in patients with Friedreich's Ataxia is lacking. The case of a 31-year-old male with advanced Friedreich's Ataxia who presented with an acute diarrhoeal illness and features of acute ...

Percutaneous stenting of the superior vena cava (SVC) is usually recommended as a palliative procedure for malignant SVC obstruction with low reported morbidity. Complications are uncommon and usually of minor consequence. We report two unusual cases of cardiac tamponade following SVC stenting in patients with malignant SVC syndrome. Echocardiography allows ...

Nefopam hydrochloride (Acupan) is a potent non-opioid analgesic widely used for the relief of moderate to severe postoperative pain. The drug is generally well tolerated, but it has a broad spectrum of side effects including tachycardia, sweating, nausea, seizures and hallucinations. When taken in overdose, nefopam has been reported to ...

A case of a delayed perforation of the right ventricle by the pacemaker lead in a 67-year-old woman is presented. Perforation, mimicking stenocardial symptoms, was incidentally diagnosed on a computed tomography chest scan. Percutaneous lead extraction was successfully performed, with simultaneous implantation of a new pacemaker lead.

The classical entity of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is well established in the literature, but mechanisms explaining it remain unelucidated. Recently, the uncommon inverted Takotsubo type (sparing apical ballooning) has been more frequently described. We report the case of a 26-year-old man admitted with gastrointestinal symptoms, whose clinical presentation for a stress-related ...

In this study, we describe the development of acute pulmonary oedema and cardiac arrest after therapeutic ascitic paracentesis, in a gentleman with decompensated liver cirrhosis. There was no previous history of cardiorespiratory symptoms or disease. Postmortem examination revealed oedematous and congested lungs with bilateral pleural effusions; in addition, the right ...

OBJECTIVES: The patient with a diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis who requires urgent cardiac surgery represents a formidable challenge. Among the alternatives to heparin, argatroban has gained widespread use in non-cardiac surgery patients. The object of this communication is to report our recent experience with this agent during cardiopulmonary ...

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was first reported in Japan in 1990. Recently, an increasing number of case reports and reviews of takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been published worldwide, including atypical cases with inverted takotsubo cardiomyopathy or incidental coronary artery disease. To date, there has been no guideline for worldwide consensus on takotsubo cardiomyopathy ...

Isolated ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (IVNC) is a rare, morphologically distinct primary genetic cardiomyopathy, which is now gaining prominence as an important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with cardiac failure. We describe a case report of a Nigerian male with facial dysmorphism presenting with cardiac failure. This is followed by a ...

Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia (SOD) is an uncommon, nonhereditary, recently recognized developmental disorder affecting the upper jaw and related dental components. It is a rare condition of uncertain etiology that results in painless unilateral expansion of the posterior dentoalveolar complex, gingival hyperplasia, lack of one or both premolars in the affected ...

Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by the presence of a fibromuscular membrane dividing the left atrium into two distinct chambers. Lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum is an infrequently observed benign abnormality caused by large fatty tissue deposits in the interatrial septum. An increased incidence of ...

The sensation of palpitations may either be the initial or the only symptom of cardiac arrhythmia. We describe a case of an apparent clear temporal relationship between standard ibuprofen dosing and palpitations. A review of the medical literature revealed this to be, to the best of our knowledge, the first ...

We present a case of a cardiac fibroma affecting the base of the anterior papillary muscle resected under cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioscopy and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) instruments through the mitral valve. The surgical approach and instrumentation of previous case reports are reviewed.

Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare malignancy and the optimal treatment strategy remains uncertain. It appears to respond much better to systemic chemotherapy than to surgery and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all cardiac tumours before definitive management is undertaken. We report a case of ...

We report a case of inferior vena cava filter migration to the right ventricle resulting in ventricular tachycardia and elevated troponin. The patient was taken to the cardiac catheterization laboratory and under fluoroscopy the filter was found to be in the right ventricle. Later in the day the filter was ...

The exact pathophysiology of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is unclear. A nonapical form of TTC precipitated by emotional stress is presented. Findings on 12 lead ECG and coronary angiogram are discussed. The role of specialized investigations such as cardiac MRI and tissue Doppler imaging are reviewed. We then examine the probable ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Laboratory studies and clinical reports have led to the acceptance of lipid emulsion as an effective treatment of local anesthetic-induced cardiac arrest. This review discusses subsequent clinical reports, relevant laboratory studies and topics for further research. RECENT FINDINGS: Case reports have confirmed the efficacy of lipid resuscitation ...

Apart from their existence as medical curiosities, anatomic variants also double as diagnostic dilemmas. In the heart, more than in any other location in the body, misinterpretation of normal anatomic variants as pathologic entities can have a profound impact on treatment decisions and clinical consequences. Echocardiography is an easily accessible ...

Purulent pericarditis due to Mycoplasma hominis is rare, and is usually associated with mediastinitis or pleuritis following cardiothoracic surgery. We report the first case to our knowledge of isolated purulent pericarditis caused by M. hominis in a lung transplant recipient and review previously reported cases of this disease.

Adenosine is commonly used for the chemical termination of supraventricular tachycardia. In addition, even when it is ineffective as an agent of chemical cardioversion, it may slow the cardiac rate to allow an analysis of the underlying rhythm. Common adverse effects include facial flushing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. ...

Adult onset Still disease is an unusual multisystem inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Among its protean manifestations is pericarditis which occurs in approximately 30-40% of patients. Cardiac tamponade is a rare complication of pericarditis occurring in the context of Still disease. We conducted a review of the English ...

We report a case of a 53-year old patient with symptoms of congestive heart failure in whom a restrictive cardiomyopathy and a kappa-chain monoclonal gammopahty were diagnosed. Treatment with eight cycles of Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, resulted in a significant regression of myocardial amyloid deposition and a notable clinical and ...