Spontaneous arteriovenous fistulation of a pseudoaneurysm into superior mesenteric vein (SMV) has rarely been reported. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with a post pancreatic arterioportal fistula (APF) that was successfully managed by stent graft (SG) placement in the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). We also review the ...

We describe a case of early postoperative aortoureteric fistula following exenterative surgery treated with wet ostomy with bilateral ureterosigmoidostomies and ureteric stent placement. A high index of clinical suspicion is required, as diagnosis is often difficult.

Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas (TDAVFs) draining into the spinal venous system are rare lesions. The clinical presentation can be devastating and the diagnosis delayed because of the initial nonspecific imaging and laboratory findings. We report a case of a 20-year-old woman with a rapidly progressive myelopathy, who was found to ...

In most cases Colovesical fistulae are complications of diverticular disease and representing the most common kind of colodigestive fistula; less common are colovaginal, colocutaneous, coloenteric and colouterine fistula. In this article we review the literature concerning colovesical fistulae in colorectal surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis and report on two cases that ...

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous malformation of the scalp resulting from blunt trauma to the head is an unusual occurrence and is rarely associated with neurological sequelae. This case details an arteriovenous malformation with a cerebral steal phenomenon. METHODS: A 21-year-old man presented with an enlarging, pulsatile mass in the right facial/temporal area ...

OBJECTIVE: Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) of the hypoglossal canal region are rare lesions. We describe three cases of DAVF of the hypoglossal canal presenting with ocular symptoms and discuss the endovascular management options. METHODS: Three consecutive patients with DAVF of the hypoglossal canal region presented with proptosis, chemosis and disturbances ...

Tracheoesophageal fistulas without atresia of the esophagus are rare abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract with an incidence rate of between 1% and 5%. Even more infrequent are 2 tracheoesophageal fistulas without atresia of the esophagus. This case report illustrates the history of an infant with 2 tracheoesophageal fistulas. The ...

Intracerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are traditionally recognized as congenital lesions. However, with the advent of frequent, noninvasive imaging of the brain, that notion has been challenged. We describe another patient with a de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation and evaluate the reported literature for trends in the development of these lesions. ...

We report a case of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula, which was confounded by a long segment of necrotic trachea, requiring a desperate attempt at tracheal reconstruction using an aortic homograft. This is followed by a brief review of the literature in support of this useful technique of salvaging long-segment tracheal resection.

Background: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the scrotum has, to our knowledge, been reported fewer than 10 times in the medical literature. It may be of congenital or post-traumatic etiology and has been reported to present with spontaneous bleeding. Case Report: A case of a spontaneously bleeding scrotal AVM that developed ...

Coloduodenal fistula is an uncommon disease entity. It can be caused by either a malignant or benign disease. We report the fifth case of coloduodenal fistula secondary to colonic diverticulosis. Our patient, a 60-year-old man, presented with severe diarrhoea and recurrent severe hypokalaemia. A partial colectomy with en bloc excision ...

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are generally considered to be cured following angiographically proven complete resection. However, rare instances of AVM recurrence have been reported in both children and adults with negative findings on postoperative angiography. The authors present the case of a 12-year-old boy with recurrent AVM. The AVM was originally ...

OBJECT: The scientific understanding of the nature of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the brain is evolving. It is clear from current work that AVMs can undergo a variety of phenomena, including growth, remodeling, and/or regression-and the responsible processes are both molecular and physiological. A review of these complex processes is ...

BACKGROUND: Enterolithiasis is an uncommon finding of intraluminal calcified meconium. Whereas extraluminal calcifications are commonly reported and usually indicate intrauterine intestinal perforation with intraperitoneal extravasation of meconium (meconium peritonitis), true intraluminal calcifications of meconium in newborns are rare. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a newborn boy with pneumothorax ...

Pneumolabyrinth, the presence of air within the labyrinth, is a rare radiologic finding associated with a well-known perilymphatic fistula (PLF). As there are only 24 published case reports in medical literature, multiple treatment options for the pneumolabyrinth are available. We report a case of a 20-year-old man with a pneumolabyrinth ...

Inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula is rare and may be congenital or acquired. Two serious manifestations may occur in the course of the disease: portal hypertension and bowel ischemia. The diagnosis is generally established by conventional angiography. In this report, we present a case with multiple inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistulas, considered ...

A rare case of posttraumatic high-flow priapism is presented. A 20-year-old man underwent diagnostic procedure with color Doppler sonography and angiography. On color Doppler sonography and selective and supraselective angiographic images, arteriocavernosal fistula and pseudoaneurysm were detected in the proximal part of the right cavernous body. Complete detumescence of the ...

Dural arteriovenous malformations of the middle cranial fossa are very rare. Venous drainage flows either through superficial leptomeningeal veins or through the sphenoparietal, sphenopetrous and/or sphenobasilar sinuses. They often have an aggressive course and therefore poor outcome. It is essential to analyse and understand the angioarchitecture of the dural arteriovenous ...

The aim of this paper is to review proposed classifications for genito-urinary fistulae. A comprehensive literature review of historical texts, peer review publications, and abstracts was used to compile a listing of the existing genito-urinary fistula classification systems. The absence of an accepted standardized classification for female genito-urinary fistulae has ...

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic, recurrent, systemic disease that is characterized by oral and genital ulcers and oculocutaneous inflammatory lesions. Cardiovascular involvement especially large artery involvement is a serious and vital complication of BD. Pseudoaneurysms in the major arteries may be the cause of sudden death in BD. In ...

Ureteroiliac fistulas are rare but potentially life-threatening. Risk factors to develop a fistula are chronic indwelling ureteral stents, previous pelvic surgery and radiotherapy. We report a case of a patient with intermittent gross hematuria after previous abdominal surgery, radiotherapy and indwelling ureteric stents. After several diagnostic and therapeutic procedures an ...

We report four patients with pancreatic fistulas that failed to respond to conservative treatment. The fistulas were closed by endoscopic injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) diluted with an oily contrast agent (Lipiodol). A literature review revealed 32 similar cases in which endoscopic treatment with fibrin sealants (n = 11) or cyanoacrylate ...

Although nicorandil is prescribed widely, awareness of its potential to cause serious complications to the gastrointestinal tract mucosa is limited. Whilst nicorandil-induced oral and anal ulceration is well documented in the literature, nicorandil-induced fistulation is not. This is the first report in the literature of a single patient demonstrating simultaneous ...

We report a case of aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) caused by a fish bone that had a successful outcome. Aortoesophageal fistula is a rare complication of foreign body ingestion from which few patients survive. Over one hundred cases of AEF secondary to foreign body ingestion have been documented but only seven, ...

We report four cases in which a pericardium (Tutoplast) plug was used to repair a corneoscleral fistula after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) explantation. In four cases in which the AGV tube had been exposed, AGV explantation was performed using a pericardium (Tutoplast) plug to seal the defect previously occupied by ...

Remains of cervical sinus of His may persist as a branchial cyst. A branchial sinus is formed when 2nd branchial arch fails to meet the 5th pharyngeal arch. Peak age for presentation of cysts is in the third decade and that of the congenital sinuses and fistulae is at birth. ...

This is a case report of a girl aged 4 years who presented with repeated attacks of chocking and dysphagia. She was diagnosed to be having an acquired tracheo- oesophageal fistula caused by fish bone impaction. She was treated successfully. In this report, the literature was reviewed of this rare ...

Pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are known as rare cerebrovascular lesions. They are composed of >/= 1 arterial feeding vessels and a single draining vein that usually has high perfusion pressure and generally occur in infants. Cases involving adults are very rare and the developmental mechanisms and natural history of these ...

INTRODUCTION: Hiccups as the only presenting symptom in neurosurgical practice is uncommon. CASE HISTORY: We report a case of a 22-year-old man who was evaluated for a 9-month history of intractable hiccups. He was diagnosed with a case of Chiari malformation type I. DISCUSSION: Surgical decompression improved the symptoms of ...

A case of enterocutaneous fistula secondary to the erosion of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) prosthesis into the jejunum is described. This case is unusual secondary to the long experience with ePTFE and the lack of published cases similar to this one. The technical details of this case reveal extenuating circumstances ...

Fistulas between the uterus and bowel are rarely reported. We report successful laparoscopic management of a colouterine fistula caused by a foreign body in the uterus. Fistulas between the gastrointestinal tract and the female genital tract are usually found between the vagina and rectum as a result of complications of ...

Patients with large intracoronary thrombi represent a difficult management problem for the interventional cardiologist. We report 10 cases of challenging thrombi treated percutaneously using varying combinations of deep guide catheter engagement, guide aspiration, dedicated catheter aspiration and withdrawal of a distal filter vascular protection device. These cases demonstrate interventional options ...

Arteriovenous malformations are generally considered to be cured following angiographically proven complete resection. However, rare instances of AVM recurrence despite negative findings on postoperative angiography have been reported in both children and adults. In this paper, the authors present the case of a 33-year-old woman with 2 AVM recurrences. This ...

We present a rare case of acquired pelvic arteriovenous fistula of the uterine vessels in a woman with a remote history of hysterectomy who presented with chronic pelvic and left limb pain. It was successfully treated by coil embolisation of the left uterine artery. The MRI and angiographic features are ...

Congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistulas are infrequent. We report a case of a congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula associated with a stenosis of the bulbar urethra in the context of a high anorectal malformation. We describe the surgical technique for the reconstruction of the urethra.

Tracheal agenesis (TA) is an extremely rare, typically fatal congenital tracheal malformation. Lack of prenatal symptoms and emergent presentation usually lead to a failure to arrive at the correct diagnosis and manage the airway properly before the onset of irreversible cerebral anoxia. Esophageal atresia (EA) encompasses a group of congenital ...

Split notochord syndrome (SNS) is an extremely rare anomaly. This report presents the case of a male infant with SNS associated with congenital ileal atresia and a dorsal enteric cyst communicating to the retroperitoneal isolated ceca with a vesical fistula. Dorsal fistulography and vesicography were useful and essential for the ...

We report a case of urethral diverticulectomy re-enforced with a porcine xenograft to prevent the risk of recurrence or fistula in the presence of a large urethral communication. The use of porcine small intestinal submucosal xenograft (SIS, Surgisis, Cook, Ireland) material has a low graft rejection rate and erosion is ...

Acute atypical mastoiditis, with temporal and/or facial edema, is called squamozygomatic mastoiditis. There are only a few reports of this occurrence in the literature, which occurs because of an inflammatory process spread to the zygommatic apophysis, when mastoid pneumatization reaches the zygoma or the squamous portion of the temporal bone. ...

We report a 28-year-old woman, pregnant, at 24 weeks, with 3-day history of right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. Few hours after admission, she delivered a dead baby. She had a history of right partial hepatic lobotomy and cholecystectomy at UK on May 2004 because of multiple pyogenic liver ...

This is a case report of a patient with utero-cutaneous fistula following Caesarean Section and criminal abortion. Her case was further complicated by the discovery of products of conception within the fistula. At laparotomy, adhesiolysis with the freeing of the uterus and fistulectomy were performed. She had an uneventful recovery.

Congenital dural arteriovenous fistulas have been infrequently described in pediatric population and they generally affect the transverse, sigmoid, straight or sagittal sinuses. Congenital carotid-cavernous fistulas in infancy are considered very rare and to our knowledge, only four cases have been reported in literature. Currently, the preferred treatment is endovascular embolization ...

Esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are two relatively common neonatal conditions. The coexistence of the two conditions in the same newborn is extremely rare. This is a case report of a newborn with CDH and concurrent EA and TEF. Aspects of ...

Ureteroarterial fistulae (UAFs) are rare but potentially life-threatening entities that require a high degree of suspicion for diagnosis followed by prompt intervention. This case report describes the successful management of the oldest woman to-date presenting with intermittent hematuria, secondary to a fistula between the ureter and internal iliac artery, which ...

A rectothecal fistula secondary to anterior sacral meningocele is an extremely rare disease. To the authors' knowledge, only 2 cases have been reported in the English-language literature. It can cause symptoms by compressing adjacent structures, causing urinary difficulties and constipation. The authors report an unusual case of a patient in ...

The first case of feline true mycetoma because of a dermatophyte has been reported in this manuscript, although pseudomycetoma has been described in dogs and cats. The patient was a 9-year-old castrated male Persian cat weighing 4.2 kg with subcutaneous nodules on the dorsal trunk. Physical examination revealed two subcutaneous ...

Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval is generally a safe and well-tolerated procedure that is usually associated with few overall complications (less than 5%), including mild vaginal hemorrhage and infection. Injury to the ureter during oocyte retrieval has only been reported in 6 cases to date. We report a case of ureterovaginal ...

Ulnar-basilic fistula is a vascular access option for hemodialysis first reported in 1967. There is no inherent reason why the ulnar artery cannot be used to create a fistula at the wrist; however, a few reports dealing with its complications and survival rates have been published in the literature. In ...

Arteriovenous malformations are rare in the head and neck region and generally arise from intracranial vessels. We present two rare cases with spontaneous arteriovenous malformations related to the ear. The role of magnetic resonance imaging and colour Doppler sonography in the diagnosis and management of such cases is discussed along ...

In the last 50 years cocaine usage has had a growing incidence worldwide. Chronic nasal abuse of this drug can cause extensive oromaxillofacial destructive process as oronasal perforation. To author's knowledge the only type of oronasal fistula in cocaine abusers that has been reported to date has been perforation of ...