In reviewing three recent books on the history of rabies (hydrophobia), this essay explores ways in which historians can frame, or figure, global histories of this ancient and still-dreaded disease, focusing especially on problems of place, time, and agency.

Adult nasopharyngeal polyps have not previously been described in the literature. We present the case of a 42-year-old New Zealand Maori man who presented with a large, 11cm mobile mass in his nasopharynx. We discuss his history and management, emphasising the need for early assessment and intervention.

BACKGROUND: Avulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon is a common injury to the hand that virtually always requires surgical repair for restoration of normal finger function. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of a Type III flexor digitorum profundus tendon avulsion in which the patient refused surgery yet attained ...

  Twenty-eight non-fatal cases of TV related injuries were noted in San Diego in the 2 years prior to September 2008. We reviewed the scene, witness reports, past history, and autopsy findings from three fatal cases and distinguished them from abusive head trauma. The recent literature was also reviewed. Our ...

Luxatio erecta humeri is a rare clinical entity, comprising 0.5% of all glenohumeral dislocations. Even more uncommon, open luxatio erecta has only been described three times dating back to the 1800s. These cases report poor results including death from sepsis, avascular necrosis, and severely limited motion. We now report a ...

Recent studies presenting functional outcomes after replantation of finger avulsion injuries have challenged the historical practice of performing revision amputation for all complete finger avulsion injuries. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the English literature of replantation of finger avulsion injuries to provide best ...

A review of scientific literature reveals a sparse documentation of periungual pyogenic granulomas as an adverse effect of isotretinoin therapy Periungual pyogenic granulomas appeared in four patients receiving isotretinoin therapy for severe acne. Oral and topical antibiotic treatments were ineffective and all cases spontaneously resolved once isotretinoin is discontinued. This ...

This review is based on the previous one published in 2006 -Secades JJ, Lorenzo JL. Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2006; 28 (Suppl B): S1-56-, incorporating the new references until now, having all the information available to facilitate the access to the informacion ...

The specialized ligaments of the craniocervical junction must allow for stability yet functional movement. Because injury to these important structures usually results in death or morbidity, the neurosurgeon should possess a thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of these ligaments. To the authors' knowledge, a comprehensive review of these ...

Sudden death in association with minor or otherwise insignificant head injury is increasingly being recognised in the forensic medical literature. While the exact mechanism of the cardiorespiratory arrest that appears to occur in these cases is unclear, a number of mechanisms have been postulated. Animal studies have provided evidence that ...

This review presents a selection of sources from the UK and around the world that have reported on both incidents and accidents in the mountains. Common themes are extracted to illustrate the circumstances under which accidents, injuries and fatalities occur and the underlying factors that have contributed to incidents in ...

Penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) are infrequent but can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Although surgical management of unstable patients with penetrating neck trauma is the standard of care, management of stable patients remains controversial owing to the possibility of occult injuries. Recent studies suggest that physical examination and ancillary ...

Ritonavir therapy is not generally considered nephrotoxic. We report a case of acute kidney injury secondary to ritonavir, with kidney biopsy demonstrating extensive acute tubular injury. This is the first report of a kidney biopsy and pathology in acute kidney injury associated with ritonavir. A review of published medical literature ...

Background: Tics are involuntary non-rhythmic, stereotyped muscle contractions which can be suppressed temporarily. Tics usually start during childhood as part of Tourette syndrome. Adult onset tics are infrequent. This study reports on an adult man who developed tics 1 year after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Case report and ...

Systematic reviews of literature relevant to individuals with work-related injuries and illnesses are important to the practice of occupational therapy. This article describes the four questions that served as the focus for the systematic reviews of the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for individuals with work-related injuries and illnesses of ...

This review summarizes the available evidence on travel-related illness and injury for overseas travellers and, where available, evaluates the literature on occupational travellers. The studies evaluated include those published in international scientific literature since 1980 and were identified through a search of relevant databases using selected keywords. A high proportion ...

Neuroimaging at all stages of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) provides information about gross brain pathology. In this review, post-mortem TBI cases are matched to neuroimaging findings from TBI survivors to demonstrate the close correlation between observable pathology with in vivo neuroimaging to the underlying neuropathology. An emphasis of this ...

Background. The risks of occupational asthma (OA) from antibiotics are uncertain. We report 4 new cases and a systematic review of the literature. Methods. Cases were identified through a specialist clinic, each underwent specific provocation testing (SPT). We subsequently reviewed the published literature. Results. The patients were employed in the ...

Trampoline-related injuries have increased dramatically over the last few years. This article presents a review of the literature summarizing the different types and mechanisms of sustaining such injuries and looks at current recommendations to prevent them.

Iatrogenic Pyogenic Spondylodicitis is a disease not commonly reported probably because of the way it is acquired, from the health practitioner. The case of a 62 year old man that presented in our outpatient department with features of spondylodiscitis after several attempts at spinal anaesthesia at a rural hospital was ...

Otitis externa is a ubiquitous inflammatory disease; although it arises most commonly from an infection, there is no consensus in the UK for the reporting of ear swab culture results. This study aims to review current microbiology laboratory reporting of ear swab specimens to primary care and reach an evidence-based ...

The purpose of this case report is to describe the potential damage to the stellate ganglion during percutaneous lung radiofrequency ablation, to analyze the consequences of these complications, and to review the location of the stellate ganglion, which is usually not visible on imaging.

Many articles have reviewed the health impact of Khat consumption; however the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis associated with short- and long-term consumption of Khat is absent in the literature. As free radicals and antioxidants converge across various mechanisms in normal physiological function and in disease, this review ...

Wrist injuries and carpal instability may result from various sport-related acitivites. Lunotriquetral instability (LTI) is an infrequently recognized cause of wrist pain in athletes. The diagnosis of LTI through history and physical examination can be confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Arthrogram (MRA). This case report describes a case of clinically suspected ...

The chest radiograph is used as a screening test to exclude significant thoracic injuries in cases of major trauma. A systematic approach to reviewing chest radiographs is necessary for accurate interpretation. Radiographic findings should be considered together with clinical assessment.

INTRODUCTION: Cervical spine injuries can be life-altering issues in the pediatric population. The aim of the present paper was to review this literature. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive knowledge of the special anatomy and biomechanics of the spine of children is essential in diagnosis and treating issues related to spine injuries.

Splenic injury is a rare complication of colonoscopy. Most literature on the topic is case-report based. Our objective was to perform a comprehensive analysis of characteristics of splenic injury due to colonoscopy from available published reports in the world literature, to compare and contrast this entity with that of traumatic ...

Standard gauze field dressings and direct pressure occasionally are inadequate for the control of hemorrhage. QuikClot® Combat Gauze™ (QCG) combines surgical gauze with an inorganic material and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration and by the Israeli Standards Institute for external hemorrhage control. The purpose of this article ...

We report the first case of near serious lingual nerve injury in an 80-y-old female caused by the Rigid GlideScope Stylet. This complication was discovered during oral surgery and may have been missed if the site of surgery was not oral cavity.

Tunneled dialysis catheters are widely used for hemodialysis. Large caliber dilator is used for insertion of such catheter which can result in serious vascular injury leading to haemothorax. Here we report such an inadvertent central venous injury requiring thoracotomy following blind dilator advancement along with review of literature and recommendation ...

Wandering spleen is a rare condition in which the spleen lacks retroperitoneal fixation, thus its vascular pedicle can twist resulting in ischemia. Although splenectomy has traditionally been used for this condition, splenopexy is increasingly used in the pediatric population to anchor the spleen and preserve splenic function. We report an ...

To assess what is done and what is recommended concerning fixation of the solitary testis. We conducted an e-mail survey of current practices in 28 pediatric surgery departments in 28 university or general hospitals in France. We then reviewed what evidence could be found in the literature. All surgeons fix ...

The ability to successfully return to driving following neurologic injury is one of the most critical factors in re-establishing independence and the most notable safety concern of health providers and family members. This assistive technology study describes the development of a verbal cuing device called the Electronic Driving Coach used ...

INTRODUCTION: Torsion of the spleen is a rare cause of abdominal pain. Predisposition occurs following abnormal development of splenic suspensory ligaments. We report a case of splenic torsion in a spleen sited in a normal anatomical position and discuss the latest treatment options. To the best of our knowledge, this ...

Complete urogenital nonunion presenting as complete separation of the epididymis and testicle is a rare condition. The anomaly has an embryologic basis and frequently is associated with an undescended testis. We present a case of complete separation of the testis and epididymis found incidentally during an exploration of an undescended ...

Two cases of males with subcutaneous masses as the first clinical sign of testicular choriocarcinoma are reported. The urine and serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test confirmed high level hCG from male choriocarcinoma. These cases, although very rare, can be a great diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and should be considered ...

The presence of more than two testes confirmed by histology is called polyorchidism. Polyorchidism is an extremely rare congenital anomaly with a few more than 100 cases reported in the literature. The majority of reported cases are asymptomatic patients, others present with cryptorchidism, hydrocele, varicocele, epididymitis, infertility, testicular malignancy and ...

Disruptions of the lateral soft tissue restraints of the elbow, including the lateral ulnar collateral ligament, are a well-recognized clinical entity which may result in chronic elbow instability. When symptomatic, most authors recommend surgery to reconstruct the LUCL. We report on a case of a professional football player who sustained ...

Cervical near-hanging injuries are most frequent in the young adult population. However, the literature gives little guidance regarding diagnostic evaluation of these patients, although it is well known that their initial clinical presentation has limited prognostic value. This case report presents a patient who actually survived a suicidal near-hanging attempt ...

Head injury in young adults is often associated with motor vehicle accidents, violence, and sports injuries. In older adults it is often associated with falls. Severe head injury can lead to secondary brain damage from cerebral ischaemia resulting from hypotension, hypercapnia, and raised intracranial pressure. Severity of brain injury is ...

Introduction. Suxamethonium, a deepolarizing muscle relaxant, increases intraocular pressure. It is therefore advised to be avoided in open globe surgery, for fear of extruding ocular contents. Several anecdotal reports support this fear. Some workers however, dispute this claim. There is as yet no formal case report in the literature on ...

Penetrating brain injuries caused by explosions are survived in extremely rare cases only. However, potential casualties of such cases may be encountered by regular physicians even outside a war zone, e.g., due to an assault or terror blast. There is very limited literature to this end; therefore, we report the ...

Although it is common to find assertions relating functional leg length inequality (LLI) to pelvic torsion and other states of subluxation, comments and/or data concerning anatomical LLI in this same context are uncommon. This review of the literature synthesizes the evidence on pelvic torsion in relation to anatomical LLI. The ...

Spermatocytic seminoma is an uncommon testicular germ cell tumor associated with a favorable outcome. Sarcomatous transformation in a spermatocytic seminoma is extremely rare with only 13 cases being reported in English literature. The presence of a sarcomatous component is associated with an aggressive behavior, metastasis, and poor prognosis. We present ...

The varicocele is the abnormal dilation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus, resulting from an altered venous drainage, and it is considered one of the main causes of male infertility. In this paper we review the most recent observations on the histological, endocrinological, biochemical and clinical alterations reported in ...

Adult testicular torsion is thought to be rare if not relatively unusual. The rarity could be an underestimation since there are many episodes of missed torsions and misdiagnosis with other conditions of acute scrotum despite the now widespread ultra sound availability that are being reported in the literature. Such a ...

We report a case of acute epididymo-orchitis due to early infectious syphilis, mimicking as testicular malignancy in an undiagnosed HIV-positive individual. He presented with a mass on his testicle and simultaneously had serology consistent with early syphilis. It could not be distinguished from a malignancy, which necessitated urgent orchidectomy. Histology ...

A recent case of seal finger which was misdiagnosed and hence mistreated at the patient's first presentation is described. The patient was eventually referred to a hand specialist and after the correct treatment with tetracycline, responded well without any long-term sequelae. Seal finger is an occupational injury that occurs to ...

Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of the right lower quadrant acute abdominal pain in children. Some other conditions including cecal epiploica appendix torsion, can simulate acute abdomen. Epiploica appendix torsion usually occurs in the sigmoid colon and rarely in the cecum of adult males. In children, this entity ...

A case report of omental torsion, which is a rare differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen. Intraoperative diagnosis and treatment by resection are the current management of choice, however with increasing use of pre-operative imaging this may need to be reconsidered.